• 무역상무연구
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• 제57권
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• pp.283-303
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• 2013

When a trade conflict arises related to an officially supported export credit programme, The World Trade Organization(WTO), decides on whether the programme is a forbidden subsidy stipulated in the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures(the ASCM Agreement). Korea was taken to the WTO panel two times for the export credit programme. One is the semiconductor case in 2002 and the other was the shipbuilding disputes in 2004. And, In 2012, the U.S. Commerce Department ruled K-SURE's export insurance for Korean refrigerator manufacturers as a forbidden subsidy even if the case was not taken to the WTO. This paper examines the significance of export credit programmes on the WTO ASCM Agreement and discusses how to operate these programmes so they would not infringe upon the Agreement by analyzing the actual cases of WTO subsidy conflicts that involved Korean enterprises in relation to export credit programmes for the purpose of determining the related issues and impacts. From this research the results were as follows: First, on whether export credit is a prohibited subsidy, the deciding factor was whether a benefit has been conferred to the beneficiary. On the presence of a benefit, the WTO panel used market benchmarks as the main criteria. Thus, official export credit agencies(ECAs) should be careful not to provide export credit support which had been granted to the beneficiary at better than market terms. Second, in the case of export credit, the special status of ECA as a public body receiving government support itself does not constitute a subsidy. However, caution must be taken not to provide export credit that may lead to WTO ASCM subsidy conflicts involving a certain exporter or industry by setting up clear and valid regulations and fair work processes in the operation of export credit programmes. Third, item (j) of Annex I cannot be interpreted reversely as this item is for interpreting the presence of a prohibited subsidy, not the presence of a benefit. Thus, an export credit program that confers a financial contribution, a benefit and specificity, could qualify as a prohibited subsidy. Fourth, ECAs not only have to maintain long-term account balance but also introduce additional measures to meet this long-term balance such as a clear and systematic premium system. Finally, export credit programmes that are not defined in item (j) of Annex I of the ASCM Agreement would not deemed as an prohibited export subsidy as long as the continued support of the programmes are not being forced.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2020

산업 환경의 급격한 변화는 수출중소기업에게 위기와 기회를 제공하고 있다. 본 연구는 중소기업의 역할변화에 대응한 해외마케팅지원 사업, 특히 온라인마케팅 지원의 효과적인 수행요인 중 컨설팅관련 사항을 중심으로 연구하였다. 온라인 수출지원 사업 참여기업에 대한 설문조사를 기반으로 진행한연구결과, 컨설턴트의 역량과서비스품질이 모두 지원사업의 만족도에 유의한 영향을 미치고 지원사업의 만족도가 기업성과에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 만족도는 일부 유의한 매개효과를 나타냈다. 변화하는 수출환경하에서 지원사업의 성과달성을 위해서는 컨설턴트의 역량과 서비스품질이 함께 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구는 수출지원사업의 개선에 필요한 실체적 요인의 판단기준을 제시하고 있고 추후 요인별로 역량강화 방안에 대한 추가연구가 함께 이루어져야할 것이다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2016

The purpose of this research is to examine the impact between the export education of SMEs in Busan Region and export possibility. 62 SMEs in Busan Region were participated in survey. For the empirical analysis, Logistic regression analysis was used with Spss12 to analyze the impact between the involvement on export education and SME's export possibility. In a result, among 3 variables (support, participancy, importance) of involvement on export education, the importance had the influence significantly on export possibility of SMEs. The results indicated that having the intention about the importance of export education is very notable, and implied that it is necessary to develop the education program emphasizing the importance of export education for SMEs' successful export.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.65-84
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• 2004

Korean Government has provided special support to Korean export industry during past 40 years. However, due to the agreement on UR and appearance of WTO, the Government can't provide most of the subsidies which were allowed before WTO era. Hence, export insurance system became more useful tool since it's one of the few allowed subsidies under WTO. This study tries to find the impacts of export insurance systems on the exports in Korea, the United States, and Japan. Firstly, this study surveyed the export insurance systems of Korea, the United States, and Japan. Then, using a regression analysis it analysed the effects of export insurance systems upon the exports in Korea, the United States, and Japan respectively. The period of data is from 1980 to 1999. The results of the regression analysis for export insurance showed significant and positive effects of both Korean and Japanese but the United States showed insignificant and positive upon the exports.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.239-262
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• 2009

This study shed light on the status of Korean Kimchi industry in overseas markets and presented methods for promoting Kimchi industry of Gwangju Jeonnam metropolitan city and stimulating the export of Kimchi produced in Gwangju Jeonnam, a city that has come to the fore as the center of Kimchi industry, which aimed to explore the ways of ratcheting up competitiveness of Kimchi industry in the global market as Kimchi has become more likely to be globalized amid the recent "Korea Trend" boom and the growing consumption of fermented food. Therefore, methods for promoting Kimchi industry and stimulating the export of Kimchi should be explored to ensure the promotion of Kimchi industry and the stimulation of the export of Kimchi, ultimately restoring the status of Korea as the home of Kimchi, in consideration of the great spillover effect on the regional economy, through a series of measures such as the clusterization of Kimchi industry, expansion of cultural experience projects related to Kimchi for the globalization and the increased consumption of Kimchi, government support to increase Kimchi companies in size and achieve the modernization of Kimchi companies, introduction of Kimchi KS audit system and quality certification system, development of new product targeting global market and making Kimchi a high-end product, expansion of export, support of export market diversification, assurance of safety and price competitiveness of Kimchi, differentiated production and marketing strategy by means of technological research, and others.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.193-211
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• 2010

These days, Korean government has been expanding Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with major countries. Expansion of FTA, which means opening up the markets, can be the opportunity to develop for those enterprises with global competency; however, it surely brings disadvantages to such small and medium enterprises which function as an outsourcing and a subcontracted to large enterprises. For Korean economy to overcome the national income of US$20,000 and to jump up to the level of advanced countries, it is imperative to perceive a limit to the large enterprises only. Not only the leading efforts of small and medium enterprises to double the exports, but also realizing the policy reform for the consistent and intimate policy between the government and companies have to be proceeded. Therefore, primarily in this study, first, it includes the overview of the change in trade-environment in an era of FTA, governmental system and policy to support export for the small and medium enterprises; secondly, examination of the export capacity and some problematic factors in export for small and medium enterprises. Ultimately, it is suggested both reinforcement for global competency of the small and medium enterprises and an alternative policy for the support system in the time expecting export expansion.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.875-886
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• 2016

본 논문은 지표분석법을 활용하여 중국 정부의 소프트웨어 지원정책이 소프트웨어 수출액에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 2008년부터 2014년까지 기술개발, 인력양성, 품질관리, 마케팅강화 측면에서 분석한 결과, 연도별 정책영향력과 소프트웨어 수출액이 비슷한 모양으로 증가하였으며, 이것은 중국 정부의 소프트웨어 지원정책이 소프트웨어 수출액에 정비례적인 효과가 있음을 의미하고 있다. 다만, 중국 소프트웨어 수출액이 소프트웨어 총생산액에서 차지하는 비중은 매년 하락했으며, 이것은 중국 소프트웨어산업이 내수시장 위주로 성장하고 있음을 시사하고 있다. 이러한 중국의 소프트웨어 지원 정책과 시장추이를 고려하여 한국 정부는 빅데이터, 사물인터넷 등 미래전략산업의 경우 국내 활성화를 바탕으로 중국 시장 진출을 확대하고, ICT와 제조업, 서비스업간 융합 신사업의 경우 한 중 양국의 비교우위를 결합하여 상호이익이 될 수 있는 적합한 모델구축이 필요하다고 본다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2023

Purpose: The integrated export organization for agricultural products is an export marketing organization established by joint participation of famers, farmer organizations, and exporters. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the intention of farmers to participate in integrated export organizations. Research design, data and methodology: The multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting intention of pear and mushroom farms to participate in the integrated export organizations. Results: It is shown that the lower farm age, the higher the need for consolidation of export companies, and the lower the government support for the integrated export organizations, the higher the willingness to participate in integrated export organizations. However, export experience, export scale, awareness level of integrated export organizations, and check price level did not significantly affect the intention to participate in integrated export organizations. Conclusions: It is desirable to promote export organizations of agricultural products among relatively young farmers and to reform their consciousness through emphasizing education for them. In addition, integrated export organizations should avoid disorderly competition by consolidating export companies. Lastly, governmental policies should be pursued in a direction that enables farmers and export companies to strengthen their competitiveness on their own.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.203-224
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• 2010

With the launching WTO, the world economy has been changing new competitive environment. Agricultural exports should be pursued actively in the market of opening era to develop the foreign agricultural product market and to improve the domestic agribusiness quality and strengthen its competitiveness. The purpose of this is paper is to understand agricultural export status of Korea to detect challenges and matter for improvement, to find new measures of export strategy for the foreign market, recent emerging export promotion with high potential growth, and to increase Korea agricultural export to new world market by using a new method. The profit and loss status is volatile since the agricultural export is in its infancy. However, we have learned lessons from previous success and failure that prior analyzing of agricultural export feasibility, phased-in expansion of agri-food export volume, connection of agri-food export and agri-food market policy. In relation to this, this paper introduces Efficient and Effective Utilization of Communal Facilities in agri-food export. Consequently, First, Export promotion scheme for agri-food is to precise analysis of import countries and to collection agri-food export procedure and agri-food market system. Second, In order to expand export agricultural products to new world market, we need to direct 3rd support program to enhancing competitiveness in expanding export of agricultural export.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1244-1257
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• 2016

Recently, the export for SMEs is the main issue as the successful key for enterprises. For this reason, Many SMEs want to try the export and the supports are provided by government. This phenomenon reflects that the export should be necessary to SMEs, even other enterprises. This study analyzes 6 enterprises (Enterprise of middle standing: 2, SMEs:4) to research the main factors for export using the interview and survey. The result provides 5 implications for the export of SMEs in Busan Region. In summary, we can provide 3 main proposes for the export of SMEs. 1) The differentiation of various support that can be a real help to SMEs, 2) The differentiation of education on exports. 3) The simplification for the complex administrative procedures about export.