• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2012

The study was conducted to analyze the spatio-temporal changes in water quality of the major 36 sampling stations of Nakdong River, depending on each station, season using the 17 water quality variables from 2000 to 2010. The result was verified to interpret the characteristics of water quality variables in a more accurate manners. According to the Principal component analysis (PCA) and Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) results; the results of these analyses were identified 4 factors, Factor 1 (nutrients) included the concentrations of T-N, T-P, $NO_{3}-N$, $PO_{4}-P$, DTN, DTP for sampling station and season, Factor 2 (organic pollutants) included the concentrations of BOD, COD, Chl-a, Factor 3 (microbes) included the concentrations of F.Coli, T.Coli, and Factor 4 (others) included the concentrations of pH, DO. The results of a Cluster analysis indicated that Geumhogang 6 was the most contaminated site, while tributaries and most of the down stream sites of Nakdong River were mainly affected by each nutrients (Factor 1) and organic pollutants (Factor 2). The verification consequence of Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) from Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) result can be summarized as follows: we could find additional relations between variables besides the structure from EFA, which we obtained through the second-order final modeling adopted in CFA. Nutrients had the biggest impact on water pollution for each sampling station and season. In particular, It was analyzed that P-series pollutant should be controlled during spring and winter and N-series pollutant should be controlled during summer and fall.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2017

본 연구는 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석에 대한 특성과 그 차이점에 대하여 살펴보고, 동일한 데이터를 활용하여 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석의 분석과정 및 결과를 비교분석함으로써 두 방법론의 올바른 이해와 적용에 대하여 알아보고자 한다. 한편, 실증분석 결과는 아래와 같다. 탐색적 요인분석에서는 판별타당도가 저해되는 p.1, p.3이 제거된 반면, 확인적 요인분에서는 집중타당도가 저해되는 p.3가 제거 되었다. 탐색적 요인분석의 경우 다수의 측정변수를 소수의 요인으로 축약하는 분석과정(다소 부족한 이론적배경)인 반면, 확인적 요인분석은 측정변수와 잠재변수들 간의 관계를 파악 및 확인하는 과정(강력한 이론적배경)으로 동일한 데이터를 활용한다 하더라도 두 방법론은 언제든지 다른 결과 값이 도출될 수 있는 바, 데이터의 성격 등에 따라 올바른 방법론의 활용이 요구된다는 시사점을 보여주고 있다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.338-347
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• 2020

Purpose: The Life Transition Scale (LTS) consists of 24 items that assess the life transition process of parents of autistic children. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the LTS in parents of children with a wide spectrum of disabilities. Methods: Data were collected from 260 parents of children with disabilities through self-report questionnaires. Validity was examined using exploratory and confirmative factor analysis to determine the factor structures of the LTS; socio-demographic differences in LTS scores were examined using the t-test or ANOVA. Reliability was examined using Cronbach's α coefficient. Results: A four-factor structure was validated (χ²=640.0, p<.001, GFI=.81, RMSEA=.07, NNFI=.89, CFI=.89, PNFI=.74, Q [χ²/df]=2.60). The validity of the LTS was verified by exploratory factor analysis, with factor loading ranging from .30 to .80. There were significant differences in the accepting phase according to children's and parents' age and the type of disability, and in the wandering phase according to parental gender, educational level, job, and socioeconomic status. The Cronbach's αs for the reliability of each of the four structures were acceptable, within a range of .80~.90. Conclusion: The LTS is a valid and reliable measurement to assess the life transition process of parents with disabled children.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2002

본 연구는 구직자의 직업탐색행위와 관련하여 3차년도의 한국노동패널 자료를 활용한 실증분석을 통해 서구의 선행연구들이 구분하는 간접 공식의 구직경로 범주에 각각 포괄되는 세부적인 요소들이 구직자의 개인속성 변수와 여타 영향요인들에 따라 상충되는 인과성의 결과를 보이고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 직업탐색의 활동패턴에 대해 일관된 형태로 가장 중요하게 영향을 미치는 설명변수가 구직자의 학력임을 밝히고 있다. 구직방법의 활용폭에 대해 구직자의 사회적 연결망(유력인사 친척관계)이 유의하게 작용하고 있는 것으로 드러난 한편, 구직경로에 대해서는 선행연구와 유사하게 부진의 학력이 구직자의 직업탐색 활동에 주요하게 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1013-1033
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• 2014

This study attempted to develop a valid and reliable instrument capable of measuring Korea midlife family resilience (The Korea Midlife Family Resilience Scale: KMFRS). An exploratory, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and quantitative design was used to develop and validate the KMFRS. A tentative factor structure of family resilience and an item pool of the scale were constructed through a comprehensive literature review and personal interview. The pilot study was conducted with 424 middle aged adults(40~59) to select items for a scale, resulting in a preliminary scale composed of 70 items. In the main study, the preliminary scale was administered to a national representative sample of 562 middle-aged Korean adults. The scale was filtered into 40 items by the item analysis and an exploratory factor analysis, resulting in 6 factors: Family Connectedness & Problem Solving, Family's Positive Perception of Adversity, Family's Economic Stability, Family Religion & Spirituality, Support of Extended Family, and Support of Friends & Neighbors. These 6 factors explained 61.82% of total variance. The findings of the current study indicate substantial support for the reliability and the validity of the KMFRS. Other challenges and suggestions for future research on family resilience scale are discussed.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2017

Purpose - Today's world revolves around search engines which are the driving force behind any marketer. The thirst for marketing has led to the evolution of online 'Pay per click' over last few years and is the most widely used instrument. Research design, data, and methodology - Exploratory research design highlights many marketing variables getting affected by pay per click marketing. To analyze the said phenomenon, the data was gathered through questionnaire from the sample of 338 respondents which were selected by simple random sampling method mostly from the National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi in India. The data collected from the respondents was loaded on SAS base for exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results - Pay per click as a marketing tool has significant impact on the consumers. The most prominent factors of pay per click marketing identified in the research are Ad quality, Competition, Targeting, Trend and Budget. Conclusions - Organic as well as inorganic ads, keeping in mind the end goal to gage the exchange of these two postings in the marked look territory. Additionally, here we dissected supported pursuit promotions in all. It would be beneficial to break down the impact of promotion position on the pay per click marketing.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the factor structures related to the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) in middle school students. Methods : A total of 1,175 7th grade students from four middle schools in Paju city completed the MOCI, Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), and Self Esteem Scale (SES). An exploratory factor (maximum likelihood method with oblique rotation) and correlation analyses were subsequently performed. Results : The two main factors related to the MOCI were 'intrusive thought' and 'contamination'. 'Intrusive thought' was positively correlated with the CES-D and negatively associated with the SES. 'Contamination' had a negative correlation with self-esteem as measured by the SES. Conclusion : The results of this study revealed a two-factor structure of obsessive and compulsive symptoms in middle school students.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.291-312
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 대학도서관에서 이용자의 연구를 지원하는 정보서비스를 활성화하기 위하여 이용자 특성과 요구에 기반 한 정보서비스 개발에 도움이 될 수 있는 기초자료를 제시하는데 있다. 본 연구는 탐험적인 연구로써 실제 이용자를 대상으로 정보서비스 전 과정을 조사 분석하였다. 이용자와 정보제공자 사이의 면담과정과 정보서비스에 대한 정보제공자의 관점에 의하면, 이용자 정보 및 주제 분석, 효과적인 면담방법, 커뮤니케이션 기술, 정보제공자의 정보서비스에 대한 인식 및 핵심능력이 효과적인 정보서비스의 중요한 요소임을 나타내었다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2020

Carica papaya is a medicinal and fruit plant owing biological activities including antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial and anticancer. The present study aims to investigate the acetyl (AChE) and butyryl (BChE) cholinesterase inhibitory potentials of C. papaya extracts as well as their chemical compositions. The chemical composition of the active extract was identified using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ellman enzyme inhibition assay showed that the alkaloid-enriched leaf extract of C. papaya possessed significant anti-BChE activity with an enzyme inhibition of 75.9%. GC-MS analysis showed that the alkaloid extract composed mainly the carpaine (64.9%) - a major papaya alkaloid, and some minor constituents such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, terpenes and phenolics. Molecular docking of carpaine revealed that this molecule formed hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions with choline binding site and acyl pocket. This study provides some preliminary findings on the potential use of C. papaya leaf as an herbal supplement for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.225-229
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• 2016

Background: It is important to validate scales related to cancer screening beliefs in order to better understand perceptions. The aim of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the colorectal cancer screening belief scale based on Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 600 persons referred to outpatient laboratory units in Iran through a convenience sampling procedure. In this cross-sectional study, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine construct validity of scale. Results: Through exploratory factor analysis, 52 items of the scale converged to five constructs of HBM with 4 items omission. Construct validity was determined by confirmatory factor analysis through which correlated model was supported. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale was obtained as 0.78, which indicates reliability of the scale. Conclusions: The study findings showed that this scale is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used for measuring HBM constructs about colorectal cancer screening with the fecal occult blood test.