• 제목/요약/키워드: Exploitation and management

검색결과 164건 처리시간 0.024초

신해양질서 10년후 세계어업자원 이용동향 (The Exploitation of World Fishery Resources for 10 Years under the New Regime in the Sea)

  • 이장욱;허영희
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.43-87
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    • 1992
  • In this paper, state of exploitation of world fishery resources after 10 years under the new regime in the sea, called the era of exclusive economic zone (EEZ) expending up to a 200 nautical miles from coastal line, was reviewed to determine effect from establishing EEZ in the world fishery production and its export/import volume based on the fishery statistics annually published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of United Nation. The world total production from marine living resources had a trend showing a waned increase during 1970's when most of coastal states were translated into the reality of EEZ. From mid-1980's onwards, it increased rapidly, reaching about 85 million tons . Such increase in production was basically from the Pacific Ocean, accounting for more than 60% of the world total production. Fishing areas where showed increase in the production after the new regime in the sea were the southwestern Atlantic (FAO area 41) , the eastern Indian (FAO area 57) and the whole fishing areas in the Pacific except the eastern central Pacific (FAO area 77). Increase in the production from distant-water fishing countries came from the regions of the southwest Atlantic (FAO area 41) and the southwest Pacific (FAO area 81) . The production from coastal states was up from the regions of the eastern Indian (FAO area 57) , the northwest and northeast Pacific (FAO areas 61 and 67) and the southeast Pacific (FAO area 87) . It was likely that the exploitation of the fishable stocks was well monitored in the areas of the northwest Atlantic (FAO area 21) , the eastern central Atlantic (FAO area 34) and the northeast Pacific (FAO area 67) through appropriate management measures such as annual harvest level, establishment of total allowable catch etc. The marine fisheries resources that have made contribution to the world production, despite expansion of 200 EEZ by coastal states, were sardinellas, Atlantic cod, blue whiting and squids in the Atlantic Ocean : tunas which mainly include skipjack, yellowfin and bigeye tuna, croakers and pony fishes in the Indian Ocean : and sardine, Chilean pilchard, Alaska pollock, tunas (skipjack and yellowfin tuna) , blue grenadier and blue whiting including anchoveta in the Pacific Ocean. It was identified that both fishery production and its export since introduction of the new regime in the sea were dominated by such coastal states as USA, Canada, Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, South Africa and Newzealand. But difficulties have been experienced in the European countries including Norway, Spain, Japan and Rep. of Korea. Therefore, majority of coastal states are unlikely to have yet undertaken proper utilization as well as rational management of marine living resources in their jurisdiction during the last two decades. The main target species groups which led the world fishery production to go up were Alaska pollock, cods, tunas, sardinellas, chub and jack mackerel and anchoveta. These stocks are largely expected to continue to contribute to the production. The fisheries resources which are unexploited, underexploited and/or lightly exploited at present and which will be contributed to the world production in future are identified with cephalopods, Pacific jack mackerel and Atlantic mackerel, silver hake including anchovies. These resources mainly distribute in the Pacific regions, especially FAO statistical fishing areas 67, 77 and 87. It was likely to premature to conclude that the new regime in the sea was only in favour of coastal states in fishey production.

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지하수 자원 개발을 위한 GIS 응용 연구 (GIS Technology for Groundwater Resources Management)

  • 김윤종;조민조;성익환;김남종;최영진;김규범
    • 지질공학
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.101-114
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    • 1993
  • 본 연구의 주목적은 지하수 자원의 효율적인 개발가 관리를 위하여 지리 정보시스템(GIS)을 이용한 지하수 자원의 광역적 탐사 기술 개발이다. 현재 중요한 지하수 탐사 기술들은 정해진 지역에서 지하수 자원 확보를 위한 물리 및 시추 탐사 기술들로 대표될 수 있으나, 그러한 지역에서 적용을 위하여는 1차적으로 탐사 대상 지역들이 추출되어져야 하며, 많은 양의 환경 및 수문 지질 자료들에 대한 연구와 분석이 선행되어져야 한다. 이러한 선행 작업은 실제로 많은 시간과 인력을 필요로한다. 그러나 본 연구에서 활용된 GIS는 이러한 처리를 쉽게 하여줄 뿐만 아니라, 각종 지질 정보들을 표준적인 좌표 체계를 통하여 그들을 완벽한 배열로 결합시키기 때문에 연구 지역의 자연 및 인문적 특성들을 하나의 데이타베이스로 구축해낼 수 있고, 또한 다양한 지도 모형 연구를 통하여 1차 지하수 자원의 탐사 대상 지역의 추출을 가능하게 하였다. 지하수 자원 조사를 위한 수문 지질 단위 구분을 위하여 금번 연구에서 실시된 GIS의 지도 모형 연구는 연구 지역의 선구조 분석도, 지질, 토양, 토지 이용현황, 지형 경사도, 강우량 등을 이요하였으며, 최종적으로 수자원 조사를 위한 지역적 충진량 분석도와 지하수 탐사 예정 지역 분석도가 작성되었다. 본 연구는 한국수자원공사와 한국자원연구소가 공동으로 수행한 것이다.

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한.중.일 다자간 어업협력체 구성방안 연구 (A Study on the Construction of the Multiple Fishery Cooperation System Between Korea, China and Japan)

  • 심호진
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.81-108
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    • 2008
  • Since the declaration made by UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on EEZs, The open seas of Northeast Asia, considerd as a convention area, needed new agreements in conformity with the changes brought by the introduction of the Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) system. The Contracting Parties of these agreements set up their own EEZs, which extend certain ranges from their baselines, Fishing in the other party's EEZ is done based on mutual agreements, which take into account traditional fishing activity in the zones. Seperate fishries management systems, in accordance with the relevant legal status of the waters, are applied to individual overlapping areas: Middle Zone in the Bast Sea and the waters south of jeju Island, Interim Measure Zone in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, and the Transitional Zone in the Yellow Sea. They decided to conclude fisheries agreements as the provisional agreement under Article 74(3) of the UN Convention before the delimitations of the EEZs to avoid the territorial disputes. China and Japan concluded the Fishries Agreement in the November 1997, allowing each coastal State 52 mile EEZ. it was followed by Korea and Japan in September 1998, reaching a final compromise. And also Korea and China came to a satisfactary settlement in November 1998. Fisheries agreements have been established between the three North-east Asian States, the agreement are all bilateral. That implies inefficient resource management on the overlapping waters of the three states, especially on the East China Sea. The Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement and the China-Japan Fishery Agreement worked as governing rules in the North-east Asian seas before the establishment of EEZs (Exclusive Economic Zones). However the conclusion of the bilateral fishery agreements, Korea China and Japan have developed EEZs, and these three countries have competed for the exploitation of fisheries resources. Therefore, the issue of fisheries resource management was no longer a single countries' problem and emerged as a common issue facing these three countries. In recognition of the above-mentioned problem, it is needed for the construction of cooperative System fishery management in the North-east Asian seas. Therefore, cooperative measures should be establishied. The final goal of the construction of fisheries management cooperative system is to establish sustainable fisheries in the North-east Asian seas. However, there is a big difference in fisheries management tools, fishing gear, exploitation rate of species, etc. This implies that a careful approach should be taken in order to achieve the cooperative fisheries management among Korea, China and Japan. conclusionly, the Governments of Korea, China and Japan should complement three bilateral agreemens, and which they prepares to 'Fisheries Resource Restore Program' Between Korea, China and Japan in the adjacent waters south of Jeju Island.

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The Role of Open Business Model in Technology Commercialization

  • Park, Hyo J.;Shin, Wan S.;Ju, Yong J.
    • 품질경영학회지
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    • 제42권3호
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    • pp.477-496
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: This paper has examined the impact of open innovation business model in technology commercialization with the data from 30 companies of manufacturing firms in South Korea. Methods: The findings provide support for distinguishing five hypotheses relating to development time, IP management, sales, firm size and R&D intensity. To test the hypotheses, data were collected using via e-mail and fax. Small and medium-sized (less than 300 employees) and large industrial firms were chosen for this study. Results: The result shows that openness in its business model is positively associated with successful technology commercialization. Conclusion: The major findings and the implications are: First, as the business model gets more open, development period of technology will be more favorable which gets benefit from rising costs of innovation. Second, as the business model gets more open, large portion of sales are created from new products. Thus, the problem of shorter product life in the market which affects large portion of market revenue can be solved through an open business model. Third, in general, R&D intensity, firm size and the level of IP management affect determination of business model types. The findings also suggest that companies need to increasingly address their external technology exploitation process instead of focusing on their internal innovation processes.

불확실한 탐험을 촉진하는 방법 : 사례연구 (Promoting Uncertain Exploration : A Case Study)

  • 하성욱
    • 지식경영연구
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.53-70
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    • 2009
  • This study empirically explored what promotes exploration, through a case analysis of a Korean SME (small and medium sized enterprise), based on the research framework which focuses on the identification and the selection of exploratory NPD (new product development) alternatives, and the accumulation of novel capabilities in new technology domains. The learning process of the exploratory NPD project described is as follows. The identification barrier of exploratory NPD project is relatively low. Constructive crisis is germane to selecting exploratory NPD alternatives and to enduring the long payback period. New separated R&D unit is likely to implement the exploratory NPD project. The length of the gestation period of the exploratory NPD project is related with the level of the conflict between old members and new members. This study identified several antecedents of the exploratory NPD project. Prior success promotes the identification process of the exploratory NPD projects. Constructive crisis is related with CEO's personal characteristics such as future oriented and proactive personality. The proactive involvement and persuasion of CEO are germane to reducing the conflict between old and new members and to the success of the exploratory NPD project. Based on the results, this study discusses several implications and future research directions.

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Progress of renewable energy in India

  • Kar, Sanjay Kumar;Gopakumar, K.
    • Advances in Energy Research
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.97-115
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    • 2015
  • Energy holds key to economic growth and prosperity of India. Currently, India has very high-energy import dependence, especially in the case of crude oil (80%) and natural gas (40%). Even coal import has been increasing over the years. Considering India's population growth, emphasis on manufacturing, production, and service industry, energy consumption is bound to increase. More fossil energy consumption means greater dependence on energy import leading to widening trade deficit and current account deficit. Therefore, exploitation of indigenous renewable energy production is necessary. The paper reviews the progress and growth of renewable energy production, distribution, and consumption in India. The paper highlights some of the enablers of renewable energy in India. The authors discuss the opportunities and challenges of increasing share of renewable energy to reduce energy import and address issues of energy security in India. The findings suggest that India is ready for a quantum leap in renewable production by 2022.

기업의 내·외부 지식원천이 혁신성과에 미치는 영향과 기업집단 효과 (The Impact of Internal and External Sources of Knowledge on Innovation Performance in Independent Firms and Business Group Affiliates)

  • 김지희;이지환
    • 지식경영연구
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.171-191
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    • 2015
  • This paper investigates how internal knowledge dependency and its interaction with external knowledge adoption affect innovation performance in Korean companies. We categorize innovation performance into exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation. Especially, we examine business group effects as group headquarters and sister subsidiaries holistically form the boundary of the firm. Our empirical results first suggest that the degree of internal knowledge dependency is positively associated with exploitative innovation, but negatively with exploratory innovation. Second, internal knowledge dependency is more negatively related to exploratory innovation in independent firms than in business group affiliates. Third, independent firms' adoption of external knowledge tends to strengthen the positive relationship between internal knowledge dependency and exploitative innovation. Finally, exploitative external knowledge search appears to strengthen the negative relationship between internal knowledge dependency and exploratory innovation in both types of firms.

구성원들의 학습관성, 폐기학습, 지식통합능력, 혁신행동 간의 관계에 관한 실증연구 (An Empirical Study on the Relationships Among Employees' Learning Inertia, Unlearning, Knowledge Integration Capabilities, and Innovative Behavior)

  • 허명숙;천면중
    • 지식경영연구
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.249-278
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    • 2015
  • Employees' knowledge integration capabilities and innovative behavior are still of crucial importance in the effective knowledge management. Recently researchers and practitioners are interested in both the potential benefits of unlearning and the negative aspects of learning inertia. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among learning inertia, unlearning, knowledge integration capabilities(knowledge exploitation and knowledge exploration) and innovative behavior. The results of analysis show that learning inertia is employees' psychological obstacle factor affecting knowledge integration capabilities and unlearning, that unlearning of employees is a key factor affecting knowledge integration capabilities, and that knowledge integration capabilities are driving forces leading to innovative behaviors of employees. For theoretical and practical implications, the research presents the grounds for arguments that knowledge integration capabilities are employees' dynamic capabilities from the knowledge management perspective, that unlearning is a driving force of employees' positive behaviors, and that organizations trying to perform the dynamic knowledge management need to identify the causes of employees' psychological resistance to learning. Limitations arisen in the course of the research and suggestions for future research directions are also discussed.

지속적 어업을 위한 시장기반 수산자원관리 연구 (A study on the market-based fisheries resource management for the sustainable fishery)

  • 김진영;장차익
    • 수산해양기술연구
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    • 제46권4호
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    • pp.416-429
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    • 2010
  • The market-based fisheries resources management system was reviewed and the improvement scheme was studied for seeking the sustainability of marine ecosystems and their fisheries resources. A demand-side policy is currently emerging to the management of fisheries resources by reducing over-exploitation, based on the consumer's selection. The role of consumers in the sustainable fishery was studied by comparing the social responsibility and consumer's activity between Korea and foreign countries and international NGO groups, based on the FAO guideline. The adoption of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)'s eco-labelling certificate was suggested by expanding the existing environment-friendly certification system in Korea. This new system will contribute to the protection of young immature fish and spawners in coastal and offshore fisheries as well as to the international trade of seafood in terms of fish products from well-managed fisheries. It is noted that the consumer's activities in the markets as regulators will contribute to the ecosystem health and sustainability.

단순체계모델의 단순기능분석을 적용한 주부연구의 쟁점 (The Application of the Simple System Model Analysis to the Housewives분 Study)

  • 김선미;송혜림;이승미
    • 가족자원경영과 정책
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.141-150
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    • 2001
  • This study applicates one of the five elaborated functional analyses of Piotr Stztompka to the housewives’study. The four general assumptions of plurality, wholeness, integration and boundary of the simple system issue the eight specific solutions; reciprocity, exploitation, consensus, conflict, dependence, autonomy, isolation and structural context of the relationships among the various elements of the system. From the eight specific assumptions of the housewives’studies, we have found that many managerial subsystem studies see the housewives’relationships to other elements in their reciprocity, concensus, dependence and isolation characteristics. If the assumptions of autonomy and structual context are used to this kind of study, we can understand the housewives’problem and potential but as an active subject of their humanlives, not as a simply passive primary manager of the family, and we can find a new concept of the development to change the housewives’quality of life.

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