• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2001

With increasing complexity of digital logic circuits, fast and accurate verification of functional behaviour becomes most critical bottleneck in meeting time-to-market requirement. This paper presents several techniques for accelerating a cycle-based logic simulation. The acceleration techniques include parallel pattern logic evaluation, circuit size reduction, and the partition of feedback loops in sequential circuits. Among all, the circuit size reduction plays a critical role in maximizing logic simulation speedup by reducing 50% of entire circuit nodes on the average. These techniques are incorporated into a levelized table-driven logic simulation system rather than a compiled-code simulation algorithm. Finally, experimental results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed acceleration techniques. Experimental results show more than 27 times performance improvement over single pattern levelized logic simulation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.337-354
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• 2019

This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical studies conducted to investigate the behavior of exterior reinforced concrete beam column joints (BCJ) strengthened by using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. Twelve reinforced concrete beam-column joints (BCJ) were tested in an experimental program by simulating the joints in seismically deficient old buildings. One group of BCJs was designed to fail in flexure at the BCJ interface, and the second group was designed to ensure joint shear failure. One specimen in each set was -retrofitted with CFRP sheet wrapped diagonally around the joint. The specimens were subjected to both monotonic and cyclic loading up to failure. 3D finite element simulation of the BCJs tested in the experimental program was carried out using the software ABAQUS, adopting the damage plasticity model (CDP) for concrete. The experimental results showed that retrofitting of the shear deficient, BCJs by CFRP sheets enhanced the strength and ductility and the failure mode changed from shear failure in the joints to the desired flexural failure in the beam segment. The FE simulation of BCJs showed a good agreement with the experimental results, which indicated that the CDP model could be used to model the problems of the monotonic and cyclic loading of beam-column reinforced concrete joints.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1151-1172
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• 2014

This paper presents a user programmable computational/control platform developed to conduct real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS). The architecture of this platform is based on the integration of a real-time controller and a field programmable gate array (FPGA).This not only enables the user to apply user-defined control laws to control the experimental substructures, but also provides ample computational resources to run the integration algorithm and analytical substructure state determination in real-time. In this platform the need for SCRAMNet as the communication device between real-time and servo-control workstations has been eliminated which was a critical component in several former RTHS platforms. The accuracy of the servo-hydraulic actuator displacement control, where the control tasks get executed on the FPGA was verified using single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) and 2 degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) experimental substructures. Finally, the functionality of the proposed system as a robust and reliable RTHS platform for performance evaluation of structural systems was validated by conducting real-time hybrid simulation of a three story nonlinear structure with SDOF and 2DOF experimental substructures. Also, tracking indicators were employed to assess the accuracy of the results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.509-515
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was performed to examine the effect of stimulation task-oriented training on the balance ability of the hemiplegic patients caused by stroke. Methods : We made a random sampling of 25 hemiplegic patients caused by stroke. 10 patients(experimental group)were treated by simulation Task-oriented training and Conventional training used by balance pad. The other 10 patients(control group) were only treated by Conventional training used by balance pad. During the training, 3 patients from the experimental group and 2 patients from the control group were excluded by private affairs. The control group has done Conventional training 6 times a week for 6 weeks. And experimental group has done Simulation task-oriented training two times, conventional training four times a week for 6 weeks. Balance ability was assessed by Fuctional Reaching Test (FRT) : unilateral and bilateral reaching. Results : In comparison of FRT before and after training, two groups all was significantly improved(p<.05). But bilateral reaching variation was significantly improved in experimental group. Conclusion : we can use simulation Task-oriented training valuably to increase balance ability of hemiplegic patients.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.2577-2583
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• 2009

Presented are the formation of iron oxide layers on evaporator tubes in an actual fossil power plant operated under all volatile treatment (AVT) condition and an experimental simulation of iron oxide formation in the presence of ferrous and ferric ions. After actual operations for 12781 and 36326 hr in the power plant, two iron oxide layers of magnetite on the evaporator tubes were found: a continuous inner layer and a porous outer layer. The experimental simulation (i.e., artificial corrosion in the presence of ferrous and ferric ions at 100 ppm level for 100 hr) reveals that ferrous ions turn the continuous inner oxide layer on tube metal to cracks and pores, while ferric ions facilitate the production of porous outer oxide layer consisting of large crystallites. Based on a comparison of the oxide layers produced in the experimental simulation with those observed on the actually used tubes, we propose possible routes for oxid layer formation schematically. In addition, the limits of the proposed corrosion routes are discussed in detail.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.3051-3057
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• 2021

The concrete is considered as an important radiation shielding material employed widely in nuclear reactors, particle accelerators, laboratory hot cells and other different radiation sources. The present research is dedicated to the shielding properties study of the ordinary concrete reinforced with different weight fractions of lead oxide micro/nano particles. Lead oxide particles were fabricated by chemical synthesis method and their properties including the average size, morphological structure, functional groups and thermal properties were characterized by XRD, FESEM-EDS, FTIR and TGA analysis. The gamma ray mass attenuation coefficient of concrete composites has been calculated and measured by means of the Monte Carlo simulation and experimental methods. The simulation process was based on the use of MCNP Monte Carlo code where the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) has been calculated as a function of different particle sizes and filler weight fractions. The simulation results showed that the employment of the lead oxide filler particles enhances the mass attenuation coefficient of the ordinary concrete, drastically. On the other hand, there are approximately no differences between micro and nano sized particles. The mass attenuation coefficient was increased by increasing the weight fraction of nanoparticles. However, a semi-saturation effect was observed at concentrations more than 10 wt%. The experimental process was based on the fabrication of concrete slabs filled by different weight fractions of nano lead oxide particles. The mass attenuation coefficients of these slabs were determined at different gamma ray energies using ²²Na, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co sources and NaI (Tl) scintillation detector. The experimental results showed that the HVL parameter of the ordinary concrete reinforced with 5 wt% of nano PbO particles was reduced by 64% at 511 keV and 48% at 1332 keV. Reasonable agreement was obtained between simulation and experimental results and showed that the employment of nano PbO particles is more efficient at low gamma energies up to 1Mev. The proposed concrete is less toxic and could be prepared in block form instead of toxic lead blocks.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a simulation-based postpartum care education program for women with postpartum hemorrhage and to verify the effects of the program on postpartum care. Methods: This program was developed according to the ADDIE model of instructional system design, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation phases. This quasi-experimental study used a non-equivalent control group pre- and post-test design, and data were collected from April 23 to May 4, 2015. To verify the effects of the program, 33 nursing students in the experimental group participated in a simulation program, whereas 31 students in the control group were given a case study. Results: The experimental group had statistically significantly higher scores for clinical performance (t=-4.80, p<.001), clinical judgment (t=-4.14, p<.001), and learning satisfaction (t=-10.45, p<.001) than the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the simulation-based postpartum care education program for women with postpartum hemorrhage was effective for developing students' competency, implying that a similar program should be integrated into the clinical training component of the maternal nursing curriculum.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.41-51
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• 1991

The thermomechanical coupling phenomena in the resistance welding process is complicated due to interactions of mechanical, thermal and electrical factors. Although experimental investigations of resistance spot welding have been carried out, but there are a few by computer simulation. so the purpose of this research is to decrease the time and cost much required in experimental investigation by carrying out the analysis of the resistance spot welding process through computer simulation based on the finite element method. The tool used in the computer simulation is the commercial ANSYS program package. A two dimensional axisymetric model is used to simulate the resistance spot welding for two stainless steel sheets of equal thickness and parametric study is carried out for variable welding current, workpieces of unequal thickness and dissimilar materials. The results from the computer simulation are in good agreement with the experimental one. Through these results, such items as stress distribution, temperature profiles, thermal expansion and weld nugget formation are predicted. Reliability and applicability of finite element models have been demonstrated to simulate and to analyze the resistance spot welding process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.381-388
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• 2018

Microbubbles oxygen transfer to water was simulated based on experimental results obtained from the bubbles generation operated under varying liquid supply velocity to the multi-step orifices of the generator. It had been known that liquid supply velocity and bubble size are inversely related. In the oxygen transfer, a non-steady state was assumed and the pseudo stagnation caused the slow movement of bubbles from the bottom to the water surface. Two parameters were considered for the simulation: They represent a factor to correct the pseudo stagnation state and a scale which represented the amount of bubbles in supply versus time. The sum of absolute error determined by fitting regression to the experimental results was comparable to that of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) model, which is based on concentration differential as the driving force. Hence, considering the bubbles formation factors, the simulation process has the potential to be easily used for applications by introducing two parameters in the assumptions. Compared with the ASCE model, the simulation method reproduced the experimental results well by detailed conditions.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effect of simulation-based education relevant to the care of patients with acute renal failure (ARF) for third-year nursing students. Methods: This study was a non-equivalent control pre-posttest design. Based on the clinical situation scenarios pertaining to patients with ARF, a simulation-based learning module was developed using Human Patient Simulator version 6 (HPS6) manufactured by Medical Education Technologies Inc. The pretest was conducted so as to evaluate the difference in prior knowledge and clinical competence between two groups. The control group consisted of 91 students during the 2010 academic year and the experimental group consisted of 94 students during the 2011 academic year. Data were analysed using SPSS/win 10.1. Results: In the experimental group, knowledge related to care for ARF patients was not significantly increased; however, clinical competence improved significantly for the experimental group. Conclusion: In conclusion, the simulation-based education program was effective in contributing towards the development of clinical competence. Increased development of clinical competence is vital for today's clinical environment where nursing professionals need the necessary knowledge, thinking, and performance skills to meet the needs of the hospital and their patients.