• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2007

The "Somun Jogyongron(素問 調經論)" describes excess and deficiency syndromes. The study suggests that excess syndrome(實證) is caused by vigorous pathogenic fire(火邪)(the spirit(神)), pathogenic dryness(燥邪)(Gi(氣)), pathogenic wind(風邪)(blood(血)), pathogenic dampness(濕邪)(physique(形)) or pathogenic coldness(寒邪)(will(志)). When pathogenic fire is dominant within the body, Gi and blood becomes excessive and come out of the body, but the body cannot take them back, leading to the symptom in which the patient cannot stop laughing. When pathogenic dryness prevails, the lung(肺) cannot function properly. This means that the convergence(收斂) function of the clearing the lung and descending Gi(肅降) is deteriorated, and the patient shows symptoms of dyspnea and cough. Strong pathogenic wind increases the ascencling Gi in the liver(肝氣) and fuel angry emotion when the patient becomes upset. When pathogenic dampness is dominant, spleen(脾) function drops due to lumping effects, and the patient will experience abdominal distention(腹脹), which will disturb urination and defecation. When pathogenic coldness prevails, abdominal distention occurs due to condensating effects, and Yang Gj(陽氣) in the kidney(腎) is disturbed, leading to digestion disorders and eventually water-grain dysentery. Deficiency syndrome is caused by the lack of essential Gi(精氣) in the five viscera(五藏). Deficiency of sprit means the lack of Gi in the heart(心氣), so the patient becomes vulnerable to sadness. Deficiency of Gi means the lack of Gi in the lung(肺氣), so the patient may have breathing disorders. Deficiency of blood means the lack of Gi in the Liver(肝氣), so the patient can be easily scared. Deficiency of physique means the lack of Gi in the spleen(脾氣), making it difficult to use arms and legs. Deficiency of will means the lack of Gi in the kidney(腎氣), so Gowl syndrome(厥證) can ensue.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.65-80
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a wisdom scale among Korean elderly with high validity and reliability. Method: The process of the development of this scale follows: A conceptual framework was identified based on literature a review of the elderly and discussion with experts in physiology and sociology. Total 128 items were developed. Through reliability testing, factor analysis, 60 preliminary items, and 4-points scale were selected. By a means of the internal consistency for 60 items, 33 items were deleted. Finally, 27 items were remained. To verity 27 items, factor analysis, reliability testing, and correlation were done. Data were collected from 480 elderly subjects in Daegu, Kyungpook Province, and Busan, Kyungnam Province from August, 2008 to February, 2009. Results: From the results of the factor analysis for 27 items, 3 factors were extracted. These factors were labeled as 'empathic emotion', 'self-reflection', and 'bitter experience of life'. Cronbach's Alpha for the 27 items was .921 and correlation coefficient of ego-integrity was .69. Conclusion: An exploratory study of the variables related to wisdom among the elderly is needed for criterion validity of this scale. A study on wisdom for different age groups is needed for re-verification.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.495-504
• /
• 2019

Purpose: Nursing students experience a high degree of perceived stress during skills training. The resulting academic sentiment is worthy of research. This study examined the learning motivation as a mediator in the association between perceived stress and positive deactivating academic emotions in nursing students undergoing skills training. Methods: A survey was conducted on 386 third-year undergraduate nursing students at a university in Changchun, China, in 2017. The survey included the items on perceived stress, learning motivation during nursing skill training, and general academic emotion. There were 381 valid responses (response rate=98.7%). Based on the results of partial correlation and stepwise multiple regression equations, the study examined the mediation model between perceived stress, learning motivation and positive-deactivating academic emotions using process 2.16 (a plug-in specifically used to test mediation or moderation effect in SPSS). Results: There was a significant negative correlation between students' perceived stress and learning motivation during nursing skills training and positive-deactivating academic emotions. Nervousness, loss of control, and interest in developing reputation had significant predictive effects on positive-deactivating academic emotions. The mediating model was well supported. Conclusion: Learning motivation during nursing skills training lessened the damage of perceived stress on positive-deactivating academic emotions. Improving students' motivation to learn could reduce their perceived stress and build more positive emotions. Positive emotions during learning played an important role in helping nursing students improve skills and enhance their nursing competence.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.369-375
• /
• 2021

The study explores the kinds of emotions freshmen in South Korea universities experience. Specifically, the study examines their emotional experiences on level-differentiated classes, team-teaching by native speakers and Korean professors, and communicative activities. 327 freshmen participated in the survey based on 'Academic Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ)' and the statistical results are as follows: Firstly, research showed that the participants in advanced classes feel higher negative emotions such as 'worries' and 'boredom' than those of beginner and intermediated classes (P < .05). Secondly, participants feel higher level of 'fun', 'satisfaction' and lower level for 'boredom' in the native speaker classes than those of Korean professors (P < .001). Thirdly, participants feel games are the most 'fun' and 'satisfying', while presentations are viewed as the most 'worrying' and 'boring' among the communicative activities (P < .001). Finally, the pedagogical implications and suggestions are discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.539-550
• /
• 2020

This study establishes the scientific basis for the use of digital learning materials through the education-neurological research method and derives implications for education based on education-neurological understandings. The main findings of the education-neurological analysis of digital learning materials are as follows: First, various sensory stimuli go through multiple sensory neurons and deep sections of the upper sphere and make possible the cooperative processing of information. Second, indirect experience from digital learning materials helps students understand the learning contents vividly through the mirror neuron system. Third, positive emotions originating from digital learning materials promote functions of dopamine, the reticular activating system, frontal-striatal circuit, cerebrum cortex. Based on the findings, the study suggests the following educational implications. First of all, when selecting digital learning materials, teachers should consider expression forms, learning contents, the flow of classes, and the adverse effects of digital learning materials. Next, it is effective to utilize digital learning materials in the lecture for provoking curiosity and enjoyment, maintaining interest and effort, and reviewing what students learned.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.155-164
• /
• 2022

Considerable interest has been directed toward utilizing virtual environment-based simulations for teacher education which provide authentic experience of classroom environment and repetitive training. Emotional Interaction should be considered for more advanced simulation learning performance. Since emotion is important factors in creative thinking, inspiration, concentration, and learning motivation, identifying learners' emotional interactions and applying these results to teaching simulation is essential activities. In this context, this study aims to identify the objective data for the empathetic response through the movement of the learner's EEG (Electroencephalogram) and eye-tracking, and to provide clues for designing emotional teaching simulation. The results of this study indicated that intended empathetic response was provided and in terms of valence (positive and negative) states and situational interest played an important role in determining areas of interest. The results of this study are expected to provide guidelines for the design of emotional interactions in simulations for teacher education as follow; (a) the development of avatars capable of expressing sophisticated emotions and (b) the development of scenarios suitable for situations that cause emotional reactions.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.643-674
• /
• 2016

The purpose of present study is to discover the meaning of the Eogul(억울) which is known as a emotion from perceived unfairness. Even though Eogul has been mentioned as a cause of the Hwabyung in Korean culture there were few studies about it. Researchers designed two studies to provide clear understanding for this concept. In study 1, researchers conducted an open-ended questionnaire for 44 participants to deduce the cultural contexts and the whole experience on Eogul. Data were analyzed with grounded theory, the results were cross-checked by different evaluators. According to the analysis, Eogul is not only the negative feelings from the perceived unfairness, but also the motivations and behaviors to resolve the feelings. Especially, what makes Eogul culture-bounded could be related display rules on expressing emotions. We conducted study 2 to clarify the cultural attributes of Eogul in Korean culture. Variables that explain cultural differences were chosen and 123 participants were surveyed with them including the items developed for measuring Eogul. Cultural meanings and implications of Eogul were discussed with the results.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.775-793
• /
• 2023

Human decision-making is a complex behavior. A replication of human decision making offers a potential to enhance the capacity of intelligent systems by providing additional user assistance in decision making. By reducing the effort and task complexity on behalf of the user, such replication would improve the overall user experience, and affect the degree of intelligence exhibited by the system. This paper explores individuals' decision-making processes when using recommender systems, and its related outcomes. In this study, human decision-making (HDM) refers to the selection of an item from a given set of options that are shown as recommendations to a user. The goal of our study was to identify IS constructs that contribute towards such decision-making, thereby contributing towards creating a mental model of HDM. This was achieved through recording Electroencephalographic (EEG) readings of subjects while they performed a decision-making activity. Readings from 16 righthanded healthy avid readers reflect that reward, theory of mind, risk, calculation, task intention, emotion, sense of touch, ambiguity and decision making are the primary constructs that users employ while deciding from a given set of recommendations in an online bookstore. In all 10 distinct brain areas were identified. These brain areas that lead to their respective constructs were found to be cingulate gyrus, precentral gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, posterior cingulate, medial frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate, postcentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus (also referred to as dorsolateral prefrontal gyrus (DLPFC)). The identified constructs would help in developing a design theory for enhancing user assistance, especially in the context of recommender systems.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.302-310
• /
• 2022

This study examined the results obtained using the text mining method for research trends related to learning counseling among adolescents and suggested subsequent research directions. The top 1 and 2 of Korean youth concerns are learning and career paths. Topic modeling analysis was conducted using text mining techniques that can minimize researcher's subjectivity and prejudice for 201 academic papers above KCI registration candidates through RISS with keywords such as Learning Counseling and Academic Counseling. Learning counseling topic results showed counseling experience [topic 1], group counseling research [topic 2], parent counseling [topic 3], and learning technology program development [topic 4]. Research related to learning counseling is developing counseling for emotional stability. Group counseling, parent counseling, and learning technology programs. Learning counseling to solve adolescents' concerns is expected to continue research on integrated support through psychological emotion, parent counseling, and collaboration with learning technology experts.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2021.08a
• /
• pp.289-294
• /
• 2021

With the development of artificial intelligence, a wave of the 4th industrial revolution is taking place around the world. With the technologies such as big data and Internet of Things-based artificial intelligence, we are heading to a hyper-connected society where everything converges into one. Accordingly as educational talents in the era of artificial intelligence, we are pursuing the cultivation of creative convergence-type talents and emotional creative talents. With human creativity and emotion at the center, we should be able to collaborate with artificial intelligence and create new things by converging knowledge in various fields. By developing a program that combines humanities-oriented Korean language with engineering-oriented artificial intelligence, this research attempted to help students experience solving problems creatively by combining humanistic knowledge with engineering thinking skills. The educational program consists of two kinds of contents(i.e., "Books with AI" and "A Play with AI") and 15 classes that provide students with opportunities to solve humanities problems with artificial intelligence.