• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3478-3489
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• 2014

Because the increased number of Internet users and the common use of IT technology via the expansion of domestic IT infrastructure have increased the web site use of companies, Internet users have begun to experience a range of online websites. In a digital environment, entrepreneurial companies who have limited resources will require effective management by analyzing the critical factors of the website quality assessment and focusing their resources to seize the market because the website quality built in the company directly affects the satisfaction and purchase activity of the customers. In this study, a total of 523 surveys from the customers visiting online websites of the entrepreneurial companies were collected to analyze the factors between the influencing factors and satisfaction and purchase intention using the ServQual method in the AMOS 18.0 program. This analysis showed that the customers visiting the website are satisfied with the factors of tangibility, reliability and responsiveness of visited websites, and the factor of community, which indicates that the level of customer activity in the web sites is related significantly to the customers' purchase intentions.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2011

With the increasing market share of retailer brands, many authors have paid considerable attention to retailer brands. Before market liberalisation in 1996 in Korea, retailer brand market was led by the supermarket retailing format, although the first retailer brand product was developed by the department store format. In parallel with the entry of foreign multiple retailers, the retailer brand market has experienced rapid growth. Particularly, the expansion of Tesco UK with well-established retailing know-how into Korea has encouraged Tesco Korea to actively get involved in retailer brand program. As a result, Tesco Korea has led retailer brand market in the Korean marketplace. The research starts with the question of why Tesco Korea has achieved such a higher retailer brand share. Accordingly, this study is to explore how Tesco UK has transferred its own retailing knowledge into Tesco Korea, in terms of retailer brand program development. In order to explore why the retailer brand share of Tesco Korea is higher than that of its counterparts, the author adopted in-depth interview with prepared-questions and store observation as a research methodology. To examine working process as well as information flows within Tesco Korea and from UK to Korea, in-depth interview method is one of the most suitable research methodologies, because of the difficulty of quantifying information or data related to work flows. In addition, to increase the validity of information, the researcher had interviews with Tesco Korea supplier and store personnel. Based on these research techniques, this research explored how Tesco UK has influenced or advised Tesco Korea, particularly, from the point of view of knowledge transfer. Since the entry of Tesco UK into Korea as a joint-venture, the retailer brand market share of Tesco Korea has continuously increased. It would be expected that Tesco UK has helped Tesco Korea to settle down in the Korean market. During interviews with Tesco and a Tesco supplier, the researcher found that Tesco Korea has obviously taken an advantage of retailing know-how created by Tesco UK. Furthermore, the retailer brand development and handling process of Tesco Korea has been operated with the help of Tesco UK. This might mean that Tesco UK has directly or indirectly an impact on the improvement of Korean retailer brand development skills. As a mechanism to transfer retailing knowledge developed in the home market into the host market, one of the international retailers, Tesco UK has adopted many different ways such as annual meeting, trading meeting to import or export own retailer brand products, offering of operation manual developed by Tesco UK and buyer cooperation between Tesco UK and Korea, in order to share information. Through these communication techniques, the knowledge of Tesco UK has been transferred to Tesco Korea. This research accordingly suggests that retailer brand market share is apparently related to how sophisticated or advanced the knowledge of the retailer brand development and handling process of retailers are. It is also demonstrated by this research that advanced development and handling skills make a considerable contribution to increasing retailer brand share in markets with a lower share or no presence of retailer brands.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1088-1095
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• 2019

The CKD extract is wastewater from which KCl in CKD has been removed to reuse CKD as a cement raw material, and tried to reuse no extracts due to problems such as wastewater treatment facility expansion. As a result of removing KCl by the ion exchange method, the pH of the extract after ion exchange decreased from 12.7 to less than pH 2, and it was confirmed that H⁺ of the cation exchange resin was dissolved in the extract through ion exchange. In addition, the selectivity of the ion exchange was removed in the order of Ca²⁺, K⁺, it was determined that the increase in the contact time to remove the K⁺ ions. The batch system had a contact time of 6 times or more, compared to the continuous system, and showed 4 times of K⁺ removal efficiency and 7 times of Cl^- removal efficiency. It was showed by analyzing the pH of the extract that more H⁺ of the cation exchange resin was extracted than OH^- of anion exchange resin as the pH of the extract was changed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.53-64
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• 2017

Purpose - This study focuses on use intention of mobile travel Apps by Chinese tourists visiting Korea based on UTAUT model, ISS model and ITM model. And the corresponding market promotion schemes are proposed for operators of mobile travel Apps by the research results. Research design, data, and methodology - After collecting 326 respondents in China with cross-sectional questionnaires, this study begins the empirical research with users of mobile travel Apps, and analyzes data with IBM SPSS 23.0 and IBM AMOS 23.0. Results - The results of this study include the following aspects: firstly, the System quality and Information quality are accepted for hypotheses of Satisfaction and Performance expectancy. Secondly, the Personal Propensity to Trust and Firm Reputation are accepted for Initial Trust hypothesis, and the hypotheses of Firm Reputation and Initial Trust are accepted for Use Intention. Thirdly, the Performance expectancy, Effort expectancy, Social influence are accepted for Use Intention hypothesis. Conclusions - With the increase of tourists visiting Korea, it can be predicted that the needs visiting Korea will be increased persistently for Chinese - this trend brings about the increase of the Chinese travel. First, information quality greatly influences satisfaction and performance expectancy. The research result shows that, the higher the mobile traveling App's information quality is, the higher the satisfaction and performance expectancy will be. Therefore, operators of mobile traveling App should have in-depth investigations towards users, to know the latter's real demand to the information quality and then provide corresponding services. Second, performance expectancy and effort expectancy greatly influence users' intention. Therefore, mobile traveling App operators should improve Apps' convenience and efficiency and, in doing so, find an effective method for market expansion. Third, social influence greatly affects users' intention. The result shows that mobile traveling App operators should pay attention to the influence of mass media and friends' recommendation on users, thereby it is necessary to improve advertisement activities. Fourth, initial trust also influences users' intention. The result shows that initial trust is a key element inducing users to generate use intention. Therefore, mobile traveling Apps operators should make efforts to catch elements that influence users' initial trust.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.651-657
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• 2020

Fluidization processes in which solid particles vividly move like gas or liquid have been widely used in various industrial sectors, such as thermochemical energy conversion and polymerization processes for general purpose polymer resins. One of the general purpose polymer resins, LLDPE(Linear low-density polyethylene) resins have been produced in bubbling fluidized bed processes in the world. In a bubbling fluidization polymerization reactors, LLDPE particles with relatively larger particle size and low density are fluidized by hydrogen gas for polymerization reaction. Though LLDPE polymerization reactors are one of bubbling fluidization processes, slugs that have negative impact for reaction exist or occur in these processes. Therefore, the fluidization state of LLDPE particles was investigated in a simulation model similar to a pilot-scale polymerization reactor (0.38 m l.D., 4.4 m High). In particular, the effect of gas velocity (0.45-1.2 m/s), solid density (900-199 kg/㎥), solid sphericity (0.5-1.0), and average particle size (120-1230 ㎛), on bed height and fluidization state were measured by using a CPFD(Computational particle-fluid dynamics) method. With CPFD analysis, the occurrence of a flat slug was visualized. Also, the change in particle properties, such as particle density, sphericity, and size, could reduce the occurrence of slug and bed expansion.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.59-65
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• 2015

Recycling of vulcanized rubber products is a serious problem in the world. A quantity of generated waste tires becomes much more and more because of increasing demands on automobiles, resulted in the cause of serious secondary pollution by sulfur component that is crosslinked to incineration or landfill. In addition, crosslinked surfur is used to interfere with the binding of the raw material rubber. In this study, we analyzed the degree of devulcanization by the chemical devulcanization. Devulcanization ratio of the samples were systematically analysed by variables such as time and temperature. In addition, the effect of swelling method as a pre-treatment process was also measured. A rubber specimen was deepened in a organic 2-buthanol solutions during various times of 1 ~ 5 hrs at 100, 150, $200^{\circ}C$ respectively, then to calculate the crosslink density and the number average molecular weight by using a parallel expansion process, which showed devulcanization degree of analyzed samples quantitatively. Also, the mechanical properties were measured with the samples prepared by using a hot press.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.235-240
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• 2016

Factors affecting germination of seeds in the forms of various environment and chemical compounds. The present study was aim to produced effective seed propagation method of Astilbe koreana (Kom.) Nakai which had expected high value for the cut flower, ornamental and pharmaceutical material. Seed width and length ranged 0.62, 2.22 ㎜, respectively, and weight of thousand seeds was 40.5 ㎎. As result of imbibition test, showed moisture content of fresh seed (2.57%) increased rapidly by water-soaking treatment under 24 hours, recording to maximum value of 29.8%, and expansion of the seed coat was observed. Seed germination was the best at 15℃ and light conditions (40.8%) among temperature and light conditions treated. Percent germination of seeds was improved under the low (15, 20℃) than high temperature (25, 30℃). In addition, the seed was not germinated at dark condition regardless of temperature. Seeds of A. koreana thus seemed that it had low temperature germinability conditions. To improve germination rate, seeds were submerged in various concentrations of growth regulators such as GA₃ and kinetin, and minerals as KNO₃ and KCl. As a results, KNO₃ treatment, regardless of concentrations, promoted germination compared to control. Especially, percent of germination (77.8%), germination energy (96.1%), mean germination time (11.3 days) and T₅₀ (6.5 days) were effectively improved by treatment of KNO₃ 20 mM.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the possibility of future droughts by calculating the Standardized Groundwater level Index(SGI) after predicting groundwater level using Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model. The groundwater level of the Kumho River basin was predicted for the next three years by using the LSTM model, and it was validated through RMSE after learning with observation data except the last three years. The temporal SGI was calculated by using the prediction data and the observation data. The calculated SGI was interpolated within the study area, and the spatial SGI was calculated as the average value for each catchment using the interpolated SGI. The possibility of spatio-temporal drought was analyzed using calculated spatio-temporal SGI. It is confirmed that there is a spatio-temporal difference in the possibility of drought. Through the improvement of deep learning model and diversification of validation method, it is expected to obtain more reliable prediction results and the expansion of study area can be used to respond to drought nationwide, and furthermore it can provide important information for future water resource management.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.115-118
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• 2016

We investigated the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of pure ${\alpha}^{{\prime}{\prime}}-Fe_{16}N_2$ by using full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FLAPW). A very high magnetic moment was obtained for Fe (4d) site due to the lattice expansion in the z-direction, while the magnetic moment of Fe (4e) and (8h) site were suppressed due to hybridization with neighboring N atom. The calculated spin magnetic moments for different Fe sites (4d, 4e and 8h) were in good agreement with previously reported values. Due to the tetragonal distortion, we found a very large uniaxial anisotropy constant of $0.58MJ/m^3$. Besides, a high value of magnetization of 1.76MA/m was obtained. In additon, the estimated coercive field and maximum energy product of 6.51 kOe and 71.7 MGOe were obtained for pure ${\alpha}^{{\prime}{\prime}}-Fe_{16}N_2$. This may suggest that the ${\alpha}^{{\prime}{\prime}}-Fe_{16}N_2$ can be utilized for potential rare-earth free permanent magnet material.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.10 s.352
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• pp.90-97
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• 2006

We report our research work on the millimeter-wave broadband amplifier integrating the shunt peaking technology with the cascode configuration. The millimeter-wave broadband cascode amplifier on MIMIC technology was designed and fabricated using $0.1{\mu}m\;{\Gamma}-gate$ GaAs PHEMT, CPW, and passive library. The fabricated PHEMT has shown a transconductance of 346.3 mS/mm, a current gain cut off frequency ($f_T$) of 113 GHz, and a maximum oscillation frequency ($f_{max}$) of 180 GHz. To prevent oscillation of designed cascode amplifier, a parallel resistor and capacitor were connected to drain of common-gate device. For expansion of the bandwidth and flatness of the gain, we inserted the short stub into bias circuits and the compensation transmission line between common-source device and common-gate device, and then their lengths were optimized. Also, the input and output stages were designed using the matching method to obtain the broadband characteristic. From the measurement, we could confirm to extend bandwidth and flat gain by integrating the shunt peaking technology with the cascode configuration. The cascode amplifier shows the broadband characteristic from 19 GHz to 53.5 GHz. Also, the average gain of this amplifier is about 6.5 dB over the bandwidth.