• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.224-230
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• 2021

It has been 16 years since the government announced its first Ocean Education Policy in 2005. Although the public consensus on the importance of ocean education has been formed, it is impossible to objectively analyze the impact of the policy on the society or the economy. The aim of this paper was to identify differences in perceptions and behaviors about the ocean between groups participating in ocean education and non-participating groups and to analyze the effectiveness of ocean education by developing measurement indicators for the value that individuals gave to ocean education services. To conduct this study, first, the value of ocean education was defined and value items that could be provided to individuals were classified. Second, to develop indicators that could measure classified value items, a Delphi survey was conducted to collect opinions of various experts. Third, by measuring the content validity ratio (CVR) for each item, final indicators and questionnaire were derived. As a result of Delphi analysis, 18 items with a CVR value of 0.6 or higher were finally adopted out of 32 indicator items. In the cognitive value category, indicators that could identify an individual's level of knowledge of the ocean, change in perception, and problem-solving ability were selected. In the behavioral value category, indicators were expanded to judge changes in attitudes and relationships toward the ocean and responsible behavior in more detail. This study is meaningful in that it provides the basis for directly judging the value of ocean education service provided by the government to the people. Results of such analysis are expected to contribute to securing a stable budget and the justification for expanding human resources in the government's continuous promotion of ocean education policies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Construction Safety
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2024

High-rise, large-scale, and diversification of buildings are possible, and the reduction of concrete cross-sections reduces the weight of the structure, thereby increasing or decreasing the height of the floor, securing a large number of floors at the same height, securing a large effective space, and reducing the amount of materials, rebar, and concrete used for designating the foundation floor. In terms of site construction and quality, a low water binder ratio can reduce the occurrence of dry shrinkage and minimize bleeding on the concrete surface. It has the advantage of securing self-fulfilling properties by improving fluidity by using high-performance sensitizers, making it easier to construct the site, and shortening the mold removal period by expressing early strength of concrete. In particular, with the rapid development of concrete-related construction technology in recent years, the application of ultra-high-strength concrete with a design standard strength of 100 MPa or higher is expanding in high-rise buildings. However, although high-rise buildings with more than 120 stories have recently been ordered or scheduled in Korea, the research results of developing ultra-high-strength concrete with more than 130 MPa class considering field applicability and testing and evaluating the actual applicability in the field are insufficient. In this study, in order to confirm the applicability of ultra-high-strength concrete in the field, a preliminary experiment for the member of a reduced simulation was conducted to find the optimal mixing ratio studied through various indoor basic experiments. After that, 130 MPa-class ultra-high-strength concrete was produced in a ready-mixed concrete factory in a mock member similar to the life size, and the flow characteristics, strength characteristics, and hydration heat of concrete were experimentally studied through on-site pump pressing.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.171-193
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• 2018

LOD(Linked Open Data) cloud is a practical implementation of semantic web. We suggested a new method that provides identity links conveniently in LOD cloud. It also allows changes in LOD to be reflected to searching results without any omissions. LOD provides detail descriptions of entities to public in RDF triple form. RDF triple is composed of subject, predicates, and objects and presents detail description for an entity. Links in LOD cloud, named identity links, are realized by asserting entities of different RDF triples to be identical. Currently, the identity link is provided with creating a link triple explicitly in which associates its subject and object with source and target entities. Link triples are appended to LOD. With identity links, a knowledge achieves from an LOD can be expanded with different knowledge from different LODs. The goal of LOD cloud is providing opportunity of knowledge expansion to users. Appending link triples to LOD, however, has serious difficulties in discovering identity links between entities one by one notwithstanding the enormous scale of LOD. Newly added entities cannot be reflected to searching results until identity links heading for them are serialized and published to LOD cloud. Instead of creating enormous identity links, we propose LOD to prepare its own link policy. The link policy specifies a set of target LODs to link and constraints necessary to discover identity links to entities on target LODs. On searching, it becomes possible to access newly added entities and reflect them to searching results without any omissions by referencing the link policies. Link policy specifies a set of predicate pairs for discovering identity between associated entities in source and target LODs. For the link policy specification, we have suggested a set of vocabularies that conform to RDFS and OWL. Identity between entities is evaluated in accordance with a similarity of the source and the target entities' objects which have been associated with the predicates' pair in the link policy. We implemented a system "Change Acceptable In-Depth Searching System(CAIDS)". With CAIDS, user's searching request starts from depth_0 LOD, i.e. surface searching. Referencing the link policies of LODs, CAIDS proceeds in-depth searching, next LODs of next depths. To supplement identity links derived from the link policies, CAIDS uses explicit link triples as well. Following the identity links, CAIDS's in-depth searching progresses. Content of an entity obtained from depth_0 LOD expands with the contents of entities of other LODs which have been discovered to be identical to depth_0 LOD entity. Expanding content of depth_0 LOD entity without user's cognition of such other LODs is the implementation of knowledge expansion. It is the goal of LOD cloud. The more identity links in LOD cloud, the wider content expansions in LOD cloud. We have suggested a new way to create identity links abundantly and supply them to LOD cloud. Experiments on CAIDS performed against DBpedia LODs of Korea, France, Italy, Spain, and Portugal. They present that CAIDS provides appropriate expansion ratio and inclusion ratio as long as degree of similarity between source and target objects is 0.8 ~ 0.9. Expansion ratio, for each depth, depicts the ratio of the entities discovered at the depth to the entities of depth_0 LOD. For each depth, inclusion ratio illustrates the ratio of the entities discovered only with explicit links to the entities discovered only with link policies. In cases of similarity degrees with under 0.8, expansion becomes excessive and thus contents become distorted. Similarity degree of 0.8 ~ 0.9 provides appropriate amount of RDF triples searched as well. Experiments have evaluated confidence degree of contents which have been expanded in accordance with in-depth searching. Confidence degree of content is directly coupled with identity ratio of an entity, which means the degree of identity to the entity of depth_0 LOD. Identity ratio of an entity is obtained by multiplying source LOD's confidence and source entity's identity ratio. By tracing the identity links in advance, LOD's confidence is evaluated in accordance with the amount of identity links incoming to the entities in the LOD. While evaluating the identity ratio, concept of identity agreement, which means that multiple identity links head to a common entity, has been considered. With the identity agreement concept, experimental results present that identity ratio decreases as depth deepens, but rebounds as the depth deepens more. For each entity, as the number of identity links increases, identity ratio rebounds early and reaches at 1 finally. We found out that more than 8 identity links for each entity would lead users to give their confidence to the contents expanded. Link policy based in-depth searching method, we proposed, is expected to contribute to abundant identity links provisions to LOD cloud.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.4B
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• pp.715-724
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• 2000

This Paper presents 3-D subband filter banks which are effective for progressive and lossless compression of volumetric images. For such a purpose, ORT(Overlapping Rounding Transform), applied so far to 1-D losslesssubband filter banks, is now used to implement two types of 3-D lossless subband filter banks: separable andnon-separable types. Separable fiter banks are implemented form applying 1-D lossless filter banks consecutively.Non-separable later banks are developed by expanding the 1-D ORT into 3-D one. In particular, the proposed ORT based 3-D non-separable filter banks generalizes the 3-D HINT(Hierarchical INTerpolation) algorithm.Through the experiment comparisons on various volumetric medical images, we prove that the proposedseparablefnon-separable filter banks perform better, in terms of compression ratio (first order entropy), than theother lossless compression techniques such as block based transform and conventional 3-D HINT.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.389-396
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• 2003

It is shown that the cubic law can be modified regarding the steady-state Navier-Stokes equations by using perturbation approximation method for a sinusoidal aperture variation. In order to adopt the perturbation theory, the sinusoidal function needs to be non-dimensionalized for the amplitude and wavelength. Then, the steady-state Navier-Stokes equations can be solved by expanding the non-dimensionalized stream function with respect to the small value of the parameter (the ratio of the mean aperture to the wavelength), together with the continuity equation. From the approximate solution of the Navier-Stokes equations, the basic cubic law is successfully modified for the steady-state condition and a sinusoidal aperture variation. A finite difference method is adopted to calculate the pressure within a fracture model, and the results of numerical experiments show the accuracy and applicability of the modified cubic law. As a result, it is noted that the modified cubic law, suggested in this study, will be used for the analysis of fluid flow through aperture geometry of sinusoidal distributions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.706-716
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• 2016

This study aims at finding impact of cultural and sports characteristics on urban growth. For the empirical analysis, this study uses unique urban resources associated with four categories (Social, Traffic, Cultural and Sports, and Spatial characteristics) among 228 cities and towns using a semi-log multiple regression analysis. The result shows that various local resources have significant impacts on urban growth in terms of population, industry, and fiscal self-reliance ratio. Impressively, cultural and sports resources are relatively beneficial for the urban growth. For the population and industrial growth, expanding public sports facilities and professional sports facilities can be more efficient. For solid local finance, typically focusing on professional sports facilities that have far-reaching ripple effects are useful. The conclusion for this study shows that urban growth policy should prioritize the cultural and sports resources because it can be more effective way to enhance not only for urban growth but also for quality of citizens' life.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.413-425
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• 2003

Information Technology is the kernel technology deciding the industrial standard of one nation, and biotechnology will be the main technology of next generation. Based on this fact, a lot of efforts were made to industrialize them. Nano Technology is beginning to position itself as the kernel fusion technology, and its usage and popularity is expanding. Environmental and Energy Technology is a must-have strategic technology considering the increase demand of new energy development, the international environment correspondence, the environment-friendly production, and so forth. Space Technology is the field, which will contribute to raise the domestic component and system technology to the next level. In 2001, new technology research development costs total of 1 trillion 32 billion won in the following fields; 437.82 billion won in IT, 88.457 billion won in BT, 46.799 billion won in NT, 315.682 billion won in ET, and 112 billion won in ST. from component ratio, IT forms 42% which is the most, 31% for ET and in order of BT, ST and NT. ETRI and KISTI are concentrating on IT, KIBB is on BT, KAERI, KIER, KERI and KBSI are focusing on ET, and KIMM, KRISS, KRICT and KORDI is participating together in 4∼5 new technology such as IT, BT, NT and ET. Funds for research development costs in 5 new technology fields of 13 contribution (year) are consisted as follows; The Office for Government Policy Coordination has contributed 131 billion won (13%), 387 billion won (37%) by MOST, 256 billion won (25%) by Ministry of Information and Communication, 67 billion won (6%) by Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy, 19% by others and the industrial world. < Strategy for Technology Advancing > o Promotion of comprehensive contributing (year) new technology development research plan project o Increase research efficiency by promoting new technology development project connected with peculiar projects of organization by contribution (year) o Formation of superior research group by technology and introduction of operation system for research accumulation are needed. o Technology demand-oriented assignment deduction and promotion of research development project connected with intermediate long term objective o National will and investment extension of research development costs, training and popularization of professionals, commercialization promotion with efficient control for research plan and result.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.396-405
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• 2001

Usually it is difficult to extract facial regions in a complex image by using only a predetermined skin color. Expecially, it is more difficult to separate them from background regions that contains the skin color. This paper proposes a face detection method by using gradual range expansion of an initial skin color. By analyzing the skin color distribution several images that are collected in the Web, the range of dense distribution is selected as the range of the initial skin color. In each expanding step, expanded regions in the image are tested whether they can be actual facial regions by using the information of the shape of general face and the location of face organs. The shape of general face is modeled as an ellipse and the aspect ratio of its bounding box is used to define the shape constraint for faces. Only the eyes and lips are used as the face organs, which can be easily detected by extracting horizontal edges in the expanded regions. through several experiments, it is confirmed that the proposed method can detect exactly not only faces having partly distorted regions by highlight but also faces neighboring similar color regions.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-26
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• 2010

Introducing a concept of 'the Effect of My Mom's Friend's Son'(MMFS Effect) into the conventional job search theory to develop it further, we try to estimate its effects on the hazard rate of youth pre-employment duration with some proxy variables such as his/her parents' schooling, monthly temporary/daily workers ratio, monthly average wage differentials between the workers of large and small firms. The results confirm us the fact that so called 'MMFS Effect' has been strengthened gradually up to recently. Their policy implications are as followings. Firstly, from the standpoint of shortening job searching period of youth and raising the hazard rate of their unemployment, the trend that the differentials of wages and quality of jobs in the labor market are expanding continuously is not desirable at all. Secondly, the problems of youth unemployment cannot be solved easily only by providing correct and relevant informations about the labor markets simply.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.111-126
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• 2008

This article aims to discover the current status and appropriate way to research Gyubang craft, expecting its development and preservation, and elevating it to Korea's unique artistic textile culture. It also searches improved methods for Gyubang craft as the following: First, in order to avoid confusions about Gyubang craft, appropriate concepts and definitions of Gyubang craft must be settled through a discussion among experts. Second, by activating economic activities at lower ratio, among purposes of Gyubang craft, achievements must be elevated. Third, in order to settle down the difficulties of Gyubang craft, a variety of methods such as effective sewing machines and manufacturing techniques as well as providing materials at a reasonable price, considering practical ways through diversifying products, elevating the economy of crafts, exploring sales routes, improving educational contents, and expanding educational places must be facilitated. Fourth, for nurturing talented and excellent human resources in the area of Gyubang craft, the followings should be considered: diversifying contents of education, developing textbooks, improving instructors' quality, providing reasonable cost of education, educating on the utilization and application of Gyubang craft, introducing efficient teaching methods through textbooks and multimedia, awarding 'certificates' to trainees, and permitting certificate holders' to instruct Gyubang craft. Finally, it is convinced that the achievement of production, pride of preserving tradition, pleasure of procedural work, economic activities as experts, and sales of products will be reinforced, and the population for Gyubang craft is also expected to increase. By elevating Gyubang craft into Korea's traditional textile art, Korea's global competitiveness in the area of textile should be strengthened.