• 생태와환경
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2015

여러 가지 경로를 통해 유입된 귀화식물은 전국적으로 분포하며, 사구생태계에도 침입하여 자생종의 생태적 지위를 위협하고 있다. 본 연구는 해안사구에 분포하는 귀화식물의 효율적 관리 방안을 마련하기 위해 비생물적 요인인 염분스트레스가 달맞이꽃의 생장에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험을 실시하였다. 염분농도구배에 의한 발아 실험 결과 농도가 높을수록 발아율이 감소하였으며, 염분에 대한 내성범위는 160 mM까지 나타났다. 유묘기에 실시한 염분농도구배 실험에서 200 mM까지는 90% 고사하였으며, 300 mM 이상에서는 100% 고사하였다. 최초 고사일은 실험 시작 후 100 mM에서는 18.5일, 800 mM에서는 6일이었으며, 최종 고사일은 100 mM에서는 29.5일, 800 mM에서는 6일이었다. 따라서 해안사구에 분포하는 달맞이꽃의 관리 방안은 2단계 과정을 제안한다. 1단계는 발아시기 이전에 170 mM 이상의 염분을 분사하여 발아를 억제하는 방안이고 2단계는 유묘기인 6월에 달맞이꽃 잎에 600 mM 이상의 염분을 분사하여 단기간에 고사시키는 방안을 적용한다면 해안사구에 분포하는 귀화식물 관리에 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2002

본 연구는 환경부의 '전국 무인도서 자연환경조사 보고서(1999년∼2001년)'에서 발췌한 261개의 무인 도서를 대상으로 섬의 지리적 환경과 섬에 분포하는 관속식물의 종수 및 분포사이의 상관성을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 261개 도서의 평균 면적은 75,000㎡이며, 면적의 분포범위는 최소 1,l00㎡에서 최대 961,200㎡였다. 육지와의 최단거리 평균은 14.9km(150m∼51.4km)이었다. 261개 도서에서 관찰된 전체 종수는 30과 1,109 종으로, 각 도서당 관찰된 종수의 평균은 98.7종이었다. 자생식물은 1,003종(90.4%)이었으며, 귀화식물은 106종(9.6%)로 조사되었다. 그리고 조사된 전체 종수 중에서 국화과가 114종으로 가장 많았으며, 벼과 (90종), 콩과(54종), 장미과(53종) 순으로 나타났다. 261개 섬은 출현한 식물종의 구성에 근거하여 다차원척도분석을 실시한 결과 '남해그룹(130개 섬)'과 '서해그룹(131개 섬)'의 두 지역으로 뚜렷이 구분할 수 있었다. 서해그룹에 속하는 섬들은 남해그룹의 섬들에 비해 면적이 더 넓었으나(서해그룹 평균=93,000㎡, 남해그룹 평균=57,000㎡), 도서당 출현 종수는 적었다(서해그룹 평균=192, 남해그룹 평균=233). 또한 서해그룹보다는 남해그룹에만 한정적으로 분포하는 종들이 두 그룹을 구분하는데 더욱 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나서, 위도에 따른 식물 분포를 반영하고 있다. 출현하는 식물 종수에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 인자는 섬의 면적이었으며, 육지와의 최단거리와 인간의 간섭 인자 순으로 나타났다. 식물종수에 미치는 환경인자들은 서해그룹과 남해그룹에서 각기 다르게 나타났으며, 남해그룹의 섬들이 서해그룹의 섬들에 비하여 육지와의 거리가 가깝고 단위면적당 출현 종수가 많았기 때문에 보다 다양한 환경인자들에 의해 민감하게 영향을 받는 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 이상의 결과들은 무인도서 생태계 보존을 위해 중요하게 활용될 것으로 기대되며, 앞으로 인간간섭과 귀화식물종이 무인도서 생태계에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 계속적으로 이루어질 것이다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.33-50
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• 1988

본 연구는 강원도내 5개시를 대상으로 정원, 공원, 가로, 시청, 학교 등에 식재되어 있는 각종 조경식물을 조사·분석하여 개선방향을 찾고, 아울러 도의 향토적 특성을 나타낼 수 있는 야생식물 들을 선정·제시하고자 수행되었다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상지역내 식재되어 있는 식물은 젓나무외 114종의 교목류, 무궁화외 103종의 관목류, 코스모스외 96종의 화초류와 그리고 담쟁이와 2종의 만경류 등 총 319종이었으며, 그중 무궁화, 향나무, 회양목 등이 가장 높은 상재도를 보여 이들이 조경식재용으로 가장 많이 이용되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 도내 202개의 초·중·고교의 교화 및 교목을 조사한 결과 교목은 33종, 교화는 32종으로 나타났는데 중복되는 종을 제외하면 총 56종이며, 전체적으로 교목으로는 향나무, 교화로는 개나리가 가장 선호되었으나 각 학교별로 선호도의 차이를 보였다. 3. 도내 22개 시·군에서 지정하고 있는 꽃과 나무를 조사한 결과 꽃은 14종, 나무는 7종으로 나타났으며, 꽃으로는 철쭉, 나무로는 은행나무의 지정빈도가 가장 높았다. 또한 이들의 자생종 비율은 나무의 경우 86%로 높았으나 꽃은 50%로 낮았다. 4. 도내 주요 국도변에 식재된 가로수는 총18종 84,939본으로 현사시 33%, 은행나무 16%, 수양버들 11%, 버즘나무 10% 등의 비율로 나타났다. 5. 조사지역내에 식재된 조경식물의 성상별 비율은 낙엽활엽수가 약 56%로 가장 많고, 초목류 28%, 상록침엽수 9.5%, 상록활엽수 3.6%, 낙엽침엽수 1.6% 등의 순이었다. 그리고 가로, 관청, 정원, 공원 등의 식재지별로 자생식물과 외래식물의 비율을 조사한 결과 어느 곳에서나 외래종이 10%이상 더 많이 식재되고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 전체적으로 자생종 대 외래종의 비율은 43:57이었다. 6. 이상과 같은 결과를 통해 식재수종의 다양화, 공간유형별 적정식물의 선정, 향토종 이용의 일반화 등이 필요하다고 사료되었다. 그리하여 강원도내의 야생식물로서 도특유의 향토미 표출 및 식물종의 다양한 이용을 위해 개발·보급할 가치가 있는 총 254종의 식물을 선정하여 그들의 관상부분, 용도, 성상 등을 제시하였다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2014

마밭에 출현하는 초종과 식생군락을 분석하여 마밭 잡초방제 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 2014년 5월부터 10월까지 총 7회에 걸쳐 조사를 실시하였다. 마밭에는 총 11과 44종이 출현하였으며, 조사지역 내 출현한 귀화식물은 3과, 10속 10종으로 분류되었는데 주기적인 잡초방제로 인하여 잡초의 생물다양성이 높지는 않았다. Z-M학파의 식물사회학적 식생분류 결과, 큰도꼬마리, 논피, 미국가막사리, 한련초, 속속이풀, 중대가리풀, 쇠비름이 군락으로 분류되었으며, PCA plot 분석결과도 식생분류 결과와 동일하게 유형화되었다. 수량조사 결과, 잡초 방제구 대비 무처리에서 82%의 수량감소가 발생하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.112-120
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• 2006

It is possible to divide the historical changes of slope revegetation in Japan into five periods as follows; 1) The early period after creation(1927-1948), 2) The spreading period of modern revegetation work with manpower(1947-1958), 3) The spreading period of rapid revegetation technique using exotic grasses with machineries(1959-1985${\dots}$), 4) The spreading period of rapid reforestation technique by fast growing species mainly using leguminous shrub species(1986-1995${\dots}$), 5) The developing period of nature restoration technique using endemic arborous species(1996-). Recently main purpose of slope revegetation has been developing from the erosion protection to the nature restoration in the current of the 5th period. It is said that the role of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology(JSRT) is critical to the history of slope revegetation in Japan. 'The tentative guidelines of slope nature restoration' was announced by JSRT in 2004. In the guidelines, it was proposed that the planning techniques of using suitable seeds/plants based on the preservation level at the each construction sites. Moreover, the use of soil seed bank is the new and important study theme in the field of nature restoration. Consequently, at present the importance of advanced monitoring methods for vegetation maintenance and plant sociologic survey to evaluate the plant succession is increasing. Finally, some critical concepts are necessary to develop the field of restoration in Korea as follows; 1) monitoring of constructed sites, 2) ensuring of biodiversity, 3) recognition of slow revegetation and mosaic arrangement in revegetation, 4) reuse and recycle on the construction sites, and 5) promotion of specialist.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.7-25
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• 1991

Until now, pure drinking water grnerally menas the water without taste, odor, general bacteria, coliform, and other exotic substance. Such a definition has been changing recently due to the finding of numerous other inorganic and organic substances unknown to us. 10 years ago, major causes of death were infectious agents and parasites contained in water, but recently, it has become apparent that some substances contained in drinking water cause cancer and heart diseases. We must drink about 2L of water everyday in order to maintain healthy condition. Waters used for drinking include tap water, well water, spring water, filtered water, etc., but the quality of drinking water has more polluted due to the industrial development and population increase. For example, industrial waste waters from industrial plants pollute the water supply sources ; toxic substances contained in the waste waters pollute the ground water sources by penetrating the geological strata, and municipal, livestock, public building waste waters also pollute the water supply sources. Sometimes, the polluted surface waters were announced to be polluted by various kinds of orgainc substance, and it is reported that the pollution of ground water by orga nic substances has few in number but high in its concectration comparing with those of surface water. As the water quality pollution level increases, so the amount of disinfectant also increase. For example, chlorine solution, one of widely used disinfectants, creates trihalomethane(THM), a carcinogen, and halogen compounds. According to Oliver, through chlorine disinfection process, humine substance and chlorine create bolatile organic halide and nonvolatile organic halide by chemical reaction. There are tens or hundreds filtering devices, but filtering principles and maintenance metjhods are different, so their efficiency tests are needed. According to Smith, the effeciency tests aginst over 30 Ameican filtering devices show that 10 devices can remove 85% of volatile organics and further studies on filtered waters are underway. In consideration of important impacts of polluted drinking water on national health, authors studied the state of water quality pollution against tap water used as drinking water, filtration device passed water, ground water, and conserved drinking water ; tested the efficiency of filtration devices for tap water ; tried to sep up the detection method by using ion chromatography based on negative ion and positive ion by using single column, and attemped the simple filtration method for general households.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2008

Fish fauna and community structure were investigated at 2003, 2004 and 2006 in Lake Paldang and its inflows. In this survey, we collected 54 species belong to 14 families. Family Cyprinidae take 51.9% (28 species), Cobitidae and Gobiidae occupied 7.4% (each 4 species), respectively. E. erythropterus (11.8%) was dominant species and L. macrochirus (10.2%), designated as an ecosystem-invasive alien fish species by Ministry of Environment, M. yaluensis (9.1%), Z. platypus (7.7%) and R. brunneus (6.7%) were dominated in turn. H. molitrix, C. lutheri, P. altivelis, S. microdorsalis, L. costata. S. gracilis majimae, A. rivularis, P. koreanus. S. scherzeri and O. platycephala were rare species (less than 0.1% in relative abundance). In-lake area, 36 species of fishes belonging to 11 families were collected, and 48 species of 13 families were from inflows. The number of Korean endemic species were 19 species (35.2%), and 4 kinds of exotic species (7.4%), that is, C. cuvieri, H. molitrix, L. macrochirus and M. salmoides were found at this survey area. It was revealed by the analysis of fish community that diversity and richness indices were prominent at tributaries, and dominance index was high at the main body of Lake Paldang. Fish fauna showed rapid decline after dam construction which make the mid-Han river systems to lentic ecosystem, so many of meander-riffle fishes were disappeared dramatically. But after 1990s when installation of small scale wastewater treatment plants started in watershed, the water quality of small tributaries was improved. And also, expansion of the natural macrophytic vegetation of littoral zone should contribute to the development of diverse fish fauna in Lake Paldang.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2005

In order to search for ecologically indicative characteristics on the street tree plots in Daegu area, plant communities and their floras were investigated. A total of 105 plots were collected and numerically analyzed by PCoA(Principal Coordinates Analysis). These plots were classified into 4 types containing 139 species, 97 genera, 42 families(including 37 exotic species): urban-dry type, urban-wet type, rural-dry type, rural-wet type. Habitat connectivity to the surrounding vegetation cover, extent and frequency of human impacts, and soil moisture recognizably were the main factors to allow the plots differentiation. Indicative species composition to these four types was generated as Eleusine indica-Eragrostis multicaulis-Oxalis corniculata to the urban-wet, Digitaria ciliaris-Eleusine indica-Eragrostis multicaulis to the urban-dry, Setaria viri-dis-Artemisia-Lactuca indica var. laciniata to the rural-wet, and Setaria viridis-Digitaria ciliaris-Erigeron canadensis to the rural-dry, respectively. Mean species number per plot for rural type was 2.5 times higher than for urban types. Street tree species representative to the rural-wet type is Zelkova serrata, which is a key species of potential natural vegetation in the alluvial land of Daegu area. Street tree plots were characterized by Eleusine indica showing the highest r-NCD value and also C4-assimilation grass plants. Views on the efficacy of the rural-wet type and the reinforcement of vegetation connectivity and soil moisture in rehabilitating street tree plots, are discussed.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2005

The historical changes of seeding work in Japan, the typical slope revegetation method, is possible to divide into five periods as follows; 1) The early period after creation(1927-1948) 2) The spreading period of modern revegetation work with manpower(1947-1958) 3) The spreading period of rapid revegetation technique using exotic grasses with machineries(1959-1985${\dots}$) 4) The spreading period of rapid reforestation technique by fast growing species mainly using leguminous shrub species(1986-1995${\dots}$) 5)The developing period of nature restoration technique using endemic arborous species(1996-) The evaluation basis of vegetated condition after slope seeding has been described to a official guide book, "The Standards of Slope Stabilizing Works" It was mainly revised three times after first edition in 1972, and also the point of evaluation basis changed from the vegetation coverage to the density of woody plant through the 3rd period and the 4th period Recently main purpose of slope seeding has been developing from the erosion protection to the nature restoration in the current of the 5th period, and "The tentative guidelines of slope nature restoration" was announced by The Slope Revegetation Section of Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology in 2004. It was proposed the planning techniques of using suitable seeds/plants based on the preservation level at the real each construction sites Consequently, at present the importance of advanced monitoring methods for vegetation maintenance and plant sociologic survey to evaluate the plant succession is increasing.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2008

We believe distinguishable product development to be competitive against foreign products, and realize the need to expand domestic business worldwide. In order to be competitive, we should produce fashion items that meets global taste, and at the same time contain exclusive Korean culture and emotional beauty. This article examines and creates unique textile design with the touch of Korean art. Desigus have been proceeded under the following three themes: 'Strong Ego,' 'Gorgeous Days' and 'Song Eternal Seeking Love' using Primavision Computer-aided Design ("CAD"). We have put our interestes in Korean traditional paintings called Hangukhwa. Suitable design motives had been selected and modified from the four gracious plants (bamboos, peonies etc.), and paintings of birds and flowers. Primavision, a CAD software, had been used to manipulate those desigus, and to add instant changes in color, scale, and layout. We had modified Korean traditional motives to make modem image, and had arranged layouts which can be suitable for half-drop repeat and square repeat. The use of color is essential in pattern design. Thus, we explored coloring ways for each design to meet the trends, and the final mapping had been conducted in western style of dresses. We have tried to mix Korean image of textile designs with Western clothing style, expressing hybrid in the mapping process. With global movements, we need to develop products with Korean traditional exotic taste to attract foreign consumers. Therefore, we selected symbolic motives from Korean paintings to express deep spiritual significance. We developed textile design and processed mapping on selected western designer's dress, employing current trend colors and making crossover coordination. We realized Korean painting would be an excellent source for exclusive fabric design, and tried to create a modernized design which maintains Korean ethnical identities.