• 대한약침학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.166-170
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• 2019

Objectives: Attentional and memory functions are important aspects of neural plasticity that, theoretically, should be amenable to pharmacopuncture treatments. A previous study from our laboratory suggested that quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) measurements of theta/beta ratio (TBR), an index of attentional control, may be indicative of academic performance in a first-semester medical school course. The present study expands our prior report by extracting and analyzing data on frontal theta and beta asymmetries. We test the hypothesis that the amount of frontal theta and beta asymmetries (fTA, fBA), are correlated with TBR and academic performance, thereby providing novel targets for pharmacopuncture treatments to improve cognitive performance. Methods: Ten healthy male volunteers were subjected to 5-10 min of qEEG measurements under eyes-closed conditions. The qEEG measurements were performed 3 days before each of first two block examinations in anatomy-physiology, separated by five weeks. Amplitudes of the theta and beta waveforms, expressed in ${\mu}V$, were used to compute TBR, fTA and fBA. Significance of changes in theta and beta EEG wave amplitude was assessed by ANOVA with post-hoc t-testing. Correlations between TBR, fTA, fBA and the raw examination scores were evaluated by Pearson's product-moment coefficients and linear regression analysis. Results: fTA and fBA were found to be negatively correlated with TBR (P<0.03, P<0.05, respectively) and were positively correlated with the second examination score (P<0.03, P=0.1, respectively). Conclusion: Smaller fTA and fBA were associated with lower academic performance in the second of two first-semester medical school anatomy-physiology block examination. Future studies should determine whether these qEEG metrics are useful for monitoring changes associated with the brain's cognitive adaptations to academic challenges, for predicting academic performance and for targeting phamacopuncture treatments to improve cognitive performance.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activity during a push-up on a suspension sling and a fixed support at the same level. Tests were performed on 15 male subjects. Electromyography using a surface EMG recorded the activity of the triceps, pectoralis major, and internal and external oblique muscles during each push-up. EMG activity was recorded at 0, 45, and 90 degrees of elbow flexion in the push-up position on a suspension sling or a fixed support at the same height above the floor (30 cm). The testing order was selected randomly. The subjects were asked to maintain the push-up position with straight knees, hips, and trunk for 5 seconds at each elbow angle. The mean root mean square (RMS) of EMG activity was calculated. EMG activity was normalized using the maximum voluntary isometric contractιn elicited using a manual muscle testing technique. Two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the average RMS value of EMG activity for each condition. The EMG activity for the pectoralis major, and internal and external oblique muscles during a push-up on a sling was significantly higher than on a fixed support at all angles of elbow flexion (p<.01). There were significant differences in the EMG activity of the pectoralis major and triceps brachii muscles at difference angles of elbow flexion (p<.05). The pectoralis major muscle had the highest EMG activity at 90 degrees of elbow flexion on both the sling and fixed support. The triceps brachii muscle had the highest EMG activity at 45 degrees of elbow flexion on both the sling and fixed support. The internal and external oblique muscles had the highest EMG activity at 0 degrees of elbow flexion, although the difference with angle of flexion was not significant. These results suggest that to improve proximal and trunk stability and muscle strength, push-ups are more useful when performed on a suspension sling than On a fixed support.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4769-4772
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• 2012

Aims: The purpose of the present study was to investigate healthy lifestyle changes during the period before and after breast cancer diagnosis in Taiwan. Materials and Method: Lifestyle changes during the period before and after cancer diagnosis were assessed by convenience sampling with a structured questionnaire for breast cancer survivors. Results: A total of 235 breast cancer survivors completed the healthy lifestyle scale. The mean values before and after breast cancer diagnosis of the participants were 3.27 and 3.73. The final five dimensions for the period before breast cancer diagnosis were: had not experienced stress; had exercised; had maintained sleep quality; had maintained body weight; and had maintained relationships. The final five dimensions for the period after breast cancer diagnosis were: sleep quality; had not experienced stress; relationship; had exercised; and had maintained body weight. A paired-t test was applied to examine the differences before and after cancer diagnosis, revealing that the total average scores of the participants on the healthy lifestyle scale clearly differed statistically (t= -17.20, p<0.01); and the nine dimensions before and after testing also demonstrate a marked statistical difference (p<0.01). Conclusions: These findings are helpful in understanding the healthy lifestyle changes during the period before and after cancer diagnosis among breast cancer survivors. It is expected that these results can offer references of self-care for this group of patients.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare EMG activity for pectoralis major muscle during shoulder movement with various abduction angle and rotation position in supine position. Fifteen healthy subjects were recruited for this study. All subjects performed shoulder horizontal adduction holding a 2 kg dumbbell in shoulder abduction $40^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$, $130^{\circ}C$, $160^{\circ}C$ with shoulder neutral, internal rotation (IR), and external rotation (ER). Surface EMG activity was recorded from pectoralis major clavicle part and pectoralis major sternum part for 5 seconds and EMG activity was normalized to the value of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). Dependent variables were examined with 3 (Neutral, IR, ER) ${\times}$ 5 ($40^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$, $130^{\circ}C$, $160^{\circ}C$) analysis of variance with repeated measures. The EMG activity of pectoralis major muscle was significantly different between shoulder abduction angles and between shoulder rotation positions (p<.05). The highest value of EMG activity of pectoralis major clavicle part among shoulder abduction angles was in $70^{\circ}C$ and, $90^{\circ}C$ in that order. The highest value of EMG activity of pectoralis major sternum part among shoulder abduction angles was in $130^{\circ}C$ and, $90^{\circ}C$ in that order. According to the rotation degree, shoulder ER showed the highest value and IR showed the lowest value in both muscle parts. These results suggest that shoulder abduction $70^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$, $130^{\circ}C$ will be effective during manual muscle testing (MMT) and strengthening exercise for pectoralis major muscle. It is also supposed that shoulder ER is the efficient posture for strengthening of pectoralis major muscle.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.320-329
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• 1999

This study has been done for the purpose of testing the effect of Health promotion Education on the Health perception and Health behavior performance of Elementary school student's. The collection data has conducted from June 19, 1999 to August 24, 1999. The subjects for this study were sixth grade of 'ㅅ' elementary school. which is located in 'ㄱ' city a chosen one class experimental group(38) and as a control group(38). The study were designed as nonequivalent control group pretest. posttest. follow test design. In pretest, the general characteristics of two groups, health perception and Health performance were measured, the Experimental group was given health promotion Education for a one week after the posttest, and follow test was done Health performance. for eight week's summer vocation. The instrument used for this study were Health perception scale developed by Ware(l979) were modified by Lee(l984) and Health promoting behavior scale developed by Kim(l997) were modified by No Tae Su(l999). The data analysis was done using t-test, $x^2$ -test, ANOVA. and pearson correlation coefficient using SAS/PC program. The result of this study are summarized as follows: l) There is on difference between experimental group and control group 2) The hypothesis is factor's are supported 'The experimental group which was given health promotion education will shows higher health perception and health behavior performance than control group which given that' (meal habit F=6.40 P<.05. mental health F=8.02 P<.01) 3) In health behavior performance, scale the highest domain was mental health, personal hygiene, meal habit Exercise. The following suggestions are made based on the above results: 1) Replication of the research is needed to confirm effects of health perception and Health promotion education including the elementary school students. 2) Elementary school teachers should make an effort to develop of Health perception progress and carry about continue Health promotion education program for profit stage of growth and development for elementary school students.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.217-228
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• 2001

Cancer survivor's self-help group may promote psychosocial adjustment in cancer patients. Self-transcendence has been shown to be related with crisis and adjustment in women with breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of self-transcendence promoting program to facilitate self-transcendence, physical, and emotional well-being in women with breast cancer. Thirty patients who received mastectomy were recruited, but 9 subjects of experimental group and 14 subjects of control group participated in this study. Subjects of experimental group attended the self-help group for self-transcendence once a week for 6 weeks. Each session of program was proceeded for 2hours and the program contained activities for promoting self-transcendence, stress management, communication skill, exercise and relaxation, symptom management, and family support. Data were collected by self-reporting questionnaires within seven days after mastectomy and after the program was finished in experimental group, within 7 days after mastectomy and after 3 months in control group. Self-transcendence was assessed using the self-transcendence scale (STS) developed by Reed. Physical well being was assessed using Symptom distress scale (SDS) developed by McCorkle and Young and emotional well being was assessed using Profile of mood states (POMS). As a result, no significant differences were found between both groups in changes of self-transcendence, emotional well-being, and physical well-being. Self-transcendence score was significantly decreased in control group (p =0.16). But that of experimental group showed no decrease. In conclusions, when the self-transcendence promoting program is provided to the patients with breast cancer, it can be helpful for promoting self- transcendence. For the further study, repeated research with appropriate sample size and more intensive nursing intervention to promote self-transcendence is suggested. And reassessment after 6 months is recommended for testing long term effects of the program.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate which of 4 positions produced the highest action potential in the rectus femoris muscle of normal adult subjects. Testing was performed in supine with the right leg performing a simple straight leg raise with the knee fully extended. The left leg, however, was placed in 4 different positions: 1. Full support with $0^{\circ}$ flexion. 2. Flexed on the plinth with $60^{\circ}$ knee flexion and foot flat. 3. Same as N0.2 but with $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion. 4. Left leg hanging over the end of the plinth with $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion, $0^{\circ}$ hip flexion and no foot support. This study was designed to compare the level of electromyographic activity of the rectus femoris under 4 positions. Fourty-three healthy young adults performed three trials of each exercise condition in random order in the supine position. Electromyographic activity was recorded from surface electrodes. Rectus femoris action potentials in all 4 positions were significantly different. The highest action potential at the end of movement of the right leg occurred with the left leg hanging over the end of the plinth with $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion. It is therefore recommended the straight leg raising be performed with the contralateral leg flexed at $90^{\circ}$ over the end of the supporting surface to obtain a maximum rectus femoris isometric contraction.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare the change in electromyography (EMG) activity in the gluteus maximus (G-max) and the gluteus medius (G-med) in subjects with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI) during three functional postures. Twenty four females were recruited for this study. Subjects were assigned into two groups: with CAI ($n_1=12$) and without CAI ($n_2=12$). The assessment postures were rotational squat, one leg stand above a gradient and crossed leg-sway. Electromyographic activities of the G-max and the G-med were recorded using surface EMG and was normalized using the maximal voluntary isometric contraction elicited using a manual muscle testing. Independent t-test was used to determine the statistical differences between two groups during the three functional postures. The comparisons of the three posture between two groups were performed using a one-way repeated analysis of variance. A Bonferroni adjustment used for post hoc analysis. The activation of EMG on G-max performing the one leg stand above a gradient and crossed leg-sway in subjects with CAI is significantly higher than normal group (p<.05). The activation of EMG on the G-max during the rotational squat was significantly increased, compared to those of the one leg stand above a gradient and crossed leg-sway (p<.05). The activation of EMG on G-med performing three exercise at CAI is significantly higher than normal group (p<.05). The activation of EMG on the G-med during the crossed leg-sway was significantly increased, compared to the rotational squat (p<.05). This study provides valuable information for clinician who research CAI.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.239-252
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• 2014

본 연구는 학교조직에서 영양교사의 서번트 리더십이 조리원의 임파워먼트 및 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 대구광역시 초 중 고등학교에 근무하는 조리원 288명을 연구대상으로 조사대상으로 선정하여 설문조사를 수행하였고 수집된 자료는 SPSS 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도 검증, 상관관계 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 가설을 검증한 결과, 영양교사의 서번트 리더십은 조리원의 임파워먼트에 정(+)의 영향을 미칠 것이다 라는 가설1과 영양교사의 서번트 리더십은 조리원의 조직몰입에 정(+)의 영향을 미칠 것이다 라는 가설2는 부분 채택되었고, 조리원의 임파워먼트는 조직몰입에 정(+)의 영향을 미칠 것이다 라는 가설3은 채택되었다. 따라서 학교급식의 질을 좌우하는 조리원이 자신의 업무를 자율성과 창의성에 바탕을 두고 수행할 수 있도록 영양교사가 서번트 리더십을 발휘해야 할 것이다. 서번트 리더로서 자신의 역할을 수행하기 위해 영양교사는 서번트 리더십 함양을 위한 다양한 교육과 연수를 지속적으로 받을 필요성이 있을 것이다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2017

Background: Patients after rotator cuff (RC) surgery experienced pain, weakness and limited of motion of the shoulder. Physical therapists have used heat therapy, electrotherapy, range of motion (ROM) exercise and other methods to treat patients after RC surgery. In addition, functional taping is also used to support joint movement and to increase shoulder joint stability. Objects: The purpose of this study was to determine the initial effects of functional taping using non-elastic tape on pain, strength and ROM of the shoulder following RC surgery. Methods: Forty-eight patients with who underwent RC surgery volunteered for this study. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG, $n_1=25$) and a control group (CG, $n_2=23$). First, non-allergic tape was applied to the shoulder to prevent skin irritation. The EG applied functional taping using non-elastic tape and the CG applied sham taping using elastic tape. Assessment tools included the shoulder pain and disability index for functional activity score, visual analog scale for level of pain, shoulder muscle strength, hand grip strength and ROM testing. Results: Pain score in the both group significantly decreased (p<.05), and change in pain score of in the EG increased significantly than in the CG (p<.05). Shoulder strength and ROM in the both group significantly increased (p<.05). Especially external rotation and extension of the shoulder ROM in the EG increased significantly more than in the CG (p<.05), but the rate of change in the two groups showed no significant difference. Conclusion: These results suggest that functional taping using non-elastic tape was initially effective in decreasing pain score level in patients with RC surgery.