• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2008

Background: Purpose of this study is mat exercises and sling exercises that based on proceeding studies for exercising protocol for spinal stabilization. Methods: We analyze many other bibliographies and result of studies. Results: The vertebrae stabilization practices are formed on intra-abdominal pressure and converted into isolation of our body and limbs gradually through co-contraction training of transverse abdominis, pelvic floor muscle and diaphragm. Also, for prevention of low back pain and relapse, it is diverted to reflex muscle contraction training as well as functional integration. What is better, it should carry out with Activity of Daily Living. Conclusion: We should feel the necessity of it, more effective recognition training of local muscle for chronic low back pain patients. Besides, it is suggested that we should import measurable equipment and go hands with discipline.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.704-712
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• 2010

Authentication is an important service in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for an unattended environment. Recently, Das proposed a hash-based authentication protocol for WSNs, which provides more security against the masquerade, stolen-verifier, replay, and guessing attacks and avoids the threat which comes with having many logged-in users with the same login-id. In this paper, we point out one security weakness of Das' protocol in mutual authentication for WSN's preservation between users, gateway-node, and sensor nodes. To remedy the problem, this paper provides a secrecy improvement over Das' protocol to ensure that a legal user can exercise a WSN in an insecure environment. Furthermore, by presenting the comparisons of security, computation and communication costs, and performances with the related protocols, the proposed protocol is shown to be suitable for higher security WSNs.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the appropriate stimulus strength that could result in a positive effect on the ankle joint spasticity when patients with chronic stroke performed whole body vibration (WBV) exercise. Methods: Among 72 patients who were diagnosed with stroke at least 6 months ago, those able to perform a half squat pose with ambulation issues due to ankle joint spasticity (modified Ashworth scale, $MAS{\geq}2$) were included for analysis. Individuals participated in four different frequencies of vertical WBV exercise; 0 Hz, 10 Hz, 20 Hz, and 30 Hz. Vibration amplitude was 3-4 mm and 5 minutes WBV exercise was performed at each frequency, followed by a measurement after 2-minute rest. We assigned 18 individuals to each frequency and asked them to participate in the WBV exercise once every 3 weeks. The level of spasticity was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) for self-assessment. The myoton PRO was utilized to objectively evaluate the level of spasticity and check the muscle tone and stiffness. Results: Participants showed 0 Hz VAS was a significant difference between 20 Hz application conditions (p<0.05). Muscle tone was significantly different at 0 Hz between 20 Hz, and 30 Hz (p<0.05), significantly difference at 10 Hz between 30 Hz (p<0.05). Muscle stiffness significantly difference at 0 Hz between 20 Hz, and 30 Hz (p<0.05), significantly difference at 10 Hz between 20 Hz, and 30 Hz (p<0.05). Conclusion: Findings of this study show that the frequency of more than 20 Hz was effective in improving the ambulatory ability in patients with chronic stroke. Currently, the effective WBV protocol is limited. Hence, this study was designed to suggest an effective WBV protocol to improve neuromodulation ability for chronic stroke patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2931-2936
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• 2013

Background: Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic commonly used to treat a variety of cancers as a most effective antitumor. However, its clinical use is associated with the toxic effects in numerous healthy tissues. Here we investigated the pretreatment effect of regular aerobic exercise on oxidative stress in rats acutely exposed to DOX-induced hepatotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: control and training. The training protocol included treadmill running between 25 to 54 min/day and 15 to 20m/min, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. At the end of the exercise training protocol, rats from the control and trained groups were again randomly separated into 3 subgroups: DOX10mg/kg, DOX20mg/kg and saline. All treatments were carried 24 h after the last exercise bout and animals were sacrificed 24 h after DOX and saline injections. Results: Administration of DOX (10 and 20 $mg.kg^{-1}$) resulted in imbalance in biomarkers related to oxidants and antioxidants in liver tissue, as compared to control groups. Six weeks of pretreatment training led to a significant increase in nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) as compared to the control+DOX 10 mg/kg group. Training before DOX 20 mg/kg administration also led to a significant increase in NO and SOD, and a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, there was a significant difference between DOX 10 mg/kg and DOX 20 mg/kg treatments in MDA levels, only. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that pretreatment with aerobic exercise induces positive adaptations and has a potential protective effect against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced hepatotoxicity with doses of 10 and 20 mg.kg.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1259-1265
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 일회성 유산소 운동이 TLR4, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, SOCS-3 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향을 쥐의 골격근에서 살펴보는데 있었다. 또한 이러한 일회성 운동의 영향이 근섬유 형태 특이적으로 나타나는 지에 대한 연구도 수행되었다. 실험은 Balb/c 수컷 쥐(male: 7주령, 몸무게 $22.78{\pm}0.27g$) 13마리 대상으로 하였으며, 대조군과 운동군으로 무선배정되었다. 운동은 일회성으로 지칠 때까지 트레드밀 운동(경사도 $10^{\circ}$, speed 17 cm/sec 10 min, 33 cm/sec 10 min, 50 cm/sec)을 실시하였으며, 운동 후 24시간이 지난 시점에서 가자미근과 족저근을 적출하였다. 가자미근과 족저근의 TLR4, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, SOCS-3 mRNA 수준 변화는 real-time PCR을 이용하여 측정하였다. 일회성 유산소 트레드밀 운동은 가자미근에서 TLR4 mRNA 발현을 유의하게 증가시켰지만, 족저근의 TLR4 mRNA 발현에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 또한 IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, SOCS-3 mRNA 발현은 가자미근에서 일회성트레드밀 운동에 의해 유의하게 증가되었다. 하지만 족저근에서 이들 유전자의 mRNA 발현은 일회성 운동에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. 결론적으로 TLR4, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, SOCS-3와 같은 면역관련 유전자의 발현 수준은 일회성트레드밀 운동에 의해 근섬유 형태 특이적으로 조절됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1039-1045
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to show the results which we analyse the interrelation among the physiological variable elements. We survey thirty fat women who don't do exercise regularly and are thirties. in order to offer basic data for setting the optimal exercise intensity through the efficient fat oxidation. We use RAMP II protocol of the Ever Green Hospital. The results are followings: 1. When the optimal exercise intensity for fat oxidation is done, there's a meaningful relation among the fat oxidation, $O_2$ max, and respiratory change. 2. When the optimal exercise intensity for fat oxidation is done, there's no meaningful relation statistically in $O_2$ max, heart rate, respiratory change, and caloric rate. 3. When the optimal exercise intensity for fat oxidation is done, there's a meaningful difference among three groups in %$VO_2$ max. However, there's a meaningful difference between group C and group A. B, and there's no meaningful difference between group B and group A.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2017

Obesity has been directly associated with the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood pressure response during graded exercise test in obese adults. 189 subjects (age: $47.96{\pm}10.23$) were assigned to two groups: non-obese group (N=105, BMI: $22.05{\pm}1.57$, waist circumference: $76.90{\pm}6.17$) and obese group (N=84, BMI: $26.96{\pm}2.51$, waist circumference: $88.29{\pm}6.41$). The subjects underwent health screening and exercise treadmill test from January 2012 to December 2014. Graded exercise test was performed according to the Bruce protocol. Exercise duration (P=0.046) and METs (P=0.015) were significantly lower in obese group than non-obese group. There was no difference in the rate of change in blood pressure response between obese group and non-obese group during exercise, and the recovery rate of systolic blood pressure was delayed in the obese group compared to non-obese group in the first recovery period (P=0.020). The significant factors of increasing rate of change in maximum systolic blood pressure was waist (P=0.046) and hip circumference (P=0.008). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that, for hypertension prevention in obese adults, waist and hip circumference levels should be managed within normal range.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of pulmonary function and heart rate recovery of smoker and nonsmoker in males aged 20s after graded maximal exercise. Method : The subjects were composed of smoker group (n=12) and nonsmoker group (n=12) in males aged 20s. Each groups completed an graded maximal exercise with Bruce protocol and were assessed on the pulmonary function(forced vital capacity : FVC, forced expiratory volume-one second : FEV1, FEV1/FVC) and heart rate. Result : The results were as follows: First, heart rate in the measurement point was a statistically significant difference for smoker and non-smoker group after maximal exercise, but FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC was no difference. Second, FEV1/FVC between smoker and nonsmoker group was a statistically significant difference after maximal exercise, but FVC, FEV1, heart rate was no difference. Conclusion : The results of this study is that smoking is negative effects on FEV1/FVC of pulmonary function in males aged 20s after maximal exercise.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.28-44
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to discuss and analyze the effect of blood glucose on treadmill exercise, functional food and their combined treatment protocol on diabetic rats. These group were divided treadmill exercise group(n:12), functional food feeding group(n:12), treadmill exercise with functional food feeding group(n:12) and control group. The following results were obtained from this study. 1. The blood glucose level was showed significantly different in several group, treadmill exercise with functional food feeding group are most significantly on other group. 2. The inhibitory rate of body weight was not significantly different on each group. 3. The amount of feeding was not significantly in several group. 4. The Islets size and Connective tissue proliferation was showed significantly different except control group, treadmill exercise with functional food feeding group are more significantly than other group. These results show that treadmill exercise with functional food feeding and their several protocols can retard the setreptozotocin-induced dibetic rat.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.379-386
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• 2000

This study is aimed to determine the cardiovascular function response to maximal exercise of chronic low back pain patients(N=13) and normal group(N=13). by using BRUCE PROTOCOL, subjects underwent tredmill exercise test. Their cardiovascular function responses during rest and after maximal exercise were compared The responses were analyzed using t-test for SPSS 7.0 program. The Cardiovascular function variables employed at rest time(Vo2, HR. Vo2/kg, VE, Vco2.) and all out time(Vo2peak. HRpeak, Vo2peak/kg, VEpeak. Vco2peak). Result show that : 1 There was no significant difference in Vo2 between chronic low back pain patients and normal group at rest time. However significant difference in Volpeak was observed after maximal exercise( p<.05). 2. There was no significant difference in HR between chronic low back pain patients and normal group at rest time. No significant difference in HRpeak likewise observed. 3. There was no significant difference in Vo2/kg between chronic low back pain patients and normal group at rest time. However significant difference in Vo2peak/kg was observed after maximal exercise load(p<.05). 4. There was no significance in VE between chronic low bark pain patients and normal group at rest time. However significant difference in VEpeak observed after maximal exercise load(p<.05).