• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.123-141
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of early intervention programs for child development and parenting stress from low-income families. The subjects of this study were 0-5 years old children 1,904(Participation 1,501 nonparticipating 403) and 1,904 parents from low-income families. The child and the parents who participated in the intervention program, 1,501 people respectively, did not participate in the intervention program for children and parents of 403 people each. The collected data were analyzed by t-test. The results of the study are as follows. First, There were differences in child development between the early child who participated in the intervention program and those who did not. Especially, the infants who participated in the intervention program had a more higher level in muscle exercise, small muscle exercises, problem solving, communication, and social development than infants who have not participated. Second, parents of low-income families who participated in the intervention program had lower parenting stress than the parents who didn't participate. As a result, early intervention programs should be targeted at children and parents from low-income families.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.181-188
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) lower extremity patterns combined with elastic bands applied to stroke patients diagnosed with hemiplegia through self-training using the non-paralyzed side approach and the paralyzed side approach, and to investigate the differences in the effects. Methods: Nine chronic stroke patients who were being treated not more than twice a week at H, K, R, and C hospitals located in Gangwon-do, performed self-training for 16 minutes, two times per day for four weeks between August and October 2015. The subjects' balance ability was measured using the Tetrax stability index, the weight distribution index, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test before the experiment and four weeks later. Among the statistical methods, paired t-tests were conducted for intra-group comparison of the measurements taken before and after the experiment, and independent t-tests were conducted for inter-group comparison of the ex post facto values. The statistical significance level was set to 0.05. Results: When the lower extremity patterns were applied to the non-paralyzed side group and the paralyzed side group, significant intra-group differences were observed for the Tetrax stability index, the weight distribution index, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests (p<0.05); however, the inter-group comparisons showed no significant differences. Conclusion: The non-paralyzed side approach was found to be easy for patients to participate in and it also affected the patients' paralyzed side. Although the paralyzed side approach produced good exercise effects in a short period of time, it could result in adverse effects, such as a decrease in motivation and self-confidence. Therefore, these approaches are considered to be more effective when they are selectively applied depending on the purpose of the intervention and the degree of a patients' participation.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.149-162
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• 2024

This study is a longitudinal study of female older adults living alone, one of the most vulnerable groups in our society, to determine how their depression changes over time and what factors affect their depression. At the same time, considering that there is a large difference in age among the same older adults, this study divided the female older adults into the young-old and the old-old to see how the predictors of depression in each group differ from each other. The main findings are as follows First, depression among female older adults living alone appears to have a declining pattern over time. In the conditional model, factors affecting the initial level of the depression trajectory among women living alone were found to be associated with lower initial depression values among those living in metropolitan areas rather than non-metropolitan areas, better subjective health, and those who did not exercise. Next, we examined the factors affecting rate of change (slope) in depression among female living alone older adults and found that the higher the age, the larger the metropolitan area, the better the subjective health, the less socializing, and the more socializing, the greater the decrease in depression level. Finally, there were some differences in the pathways affecting the initial value and slope of depression among female older adults living alone between the early and late older adults. Specifically, the higher the initial level of participation in social activities, the greater the change in depression among the late older adults, while there was no significant relationship among the early older adults. In the early older adults, better initial subjective health was associated with a larger change in depression than in the late older adults. Only in the late older adults did those who regularly exercised in the early years have higher initial depression values than those who did not. Based on the results of the above analyses, suggestions were made to reduce depression among female older adults living alone.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.29-62
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• 2006

The early development of an infant is crucial due to the enormous impact it has throughout an infant's life. Therefore, it is important to understand the development process of an infant and provide a high-quality educational environment so that an infant can progress at an innate pace to learn how to exercise, understand, speak, socialize, and empathize as well as having a balanced growth. When educating an infant, joy is a substantial factor in the formation of trust and development of relationship that makes education efficient. Music can be an effective means to offer a fun atmosphere vto the infant in which it stimulates active participation of the infant and development of a variety of dimensions to the infant's development. Also, the purpose of music therapy education is utilizes to plan for the different age groups' level of understanding of music and allow the infant to have a positive experience and develop properly. The purposes of this study are as following: to examine characteristics according to an infant' developmental steps thoroughly, to suggest interventions using music therapy education to stimulate development of an infant, to prove that infants age 3 to 6 obtain the necessary ability and skill through the effective educational therapy through music, and finally to create a music program for educating infants or music therapy. This study has examined theories of the music approach targeting infants age 3 to 6 and made character observations of infant' Motor, Cognition, Communication, Socialization, and Emotions. With the basis of the above theory, the different levels of development has been divided, specific goals has been set up according to the levels, and various music therapy education for infants have been created. The music therapy education activity has been approved by five professionals who are renown in their specific field. They made comments that the development levels were properly divided in the paper. They also commented that the music program is adequate for achieving the goal of each developmental level and it stimulates the different levels of an infant's development. In conclusion, the study reflects that the approach of music therapy education stimulates the different levels of infant development. Music therapists can utilize this music program to help handicapped children identify characteristics of progress and develop at their own ability.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.551-567
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• 2018

Demographic and socio-structural information is useful to identify potential welfare recipients who are in need of disease-prevention and intervention services. Thus, the present study aims to explore the differences in grip strength among middle and old-aged adults by living conditions and by living area. The 5th wave data of Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging was utilized. The dependent variable was grip strength, and the independent variables were living alone (living alone or not) and living area (city or non-city). Covariates were age, education, log-transformed household income, spouse existence, body mass index, self-rated health conditions, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, smoking, regular exercise, frequency of meeting with friends, and the number of social participation. Regression analysis was performed for middle-aged men, middle-aged women, old-aged men, and old-aged women, respectively. ANOVA and Chi-test were additionally used to specifically discuss significant results. Cross-sectional weight was applied to all analyses. According to the results, living alone and living area did not have significant effects on grip strength among middle-aged men, old-aged men, and old-aged women. In middle-aged women, however, living alone and living area were significantly associated with grip strength. To be specific, middle-aged women who lived alone in rural areas had the lowest grip strength compared to other middle-aged women. Additional analysis showed that middle-aged women who lived alone in rural areas had risk factors, such as low education level, low income, or high depressive symptoms. It implies that middle-aged women living alone in rural areas may have physical health risks, so they might be in need of disease prevention. This study is meaningful in that it can provide reliable information on the latent welfare recipients by using representative panel data and applying weight values.