• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.102-106
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• 2013

■ Objectives The purpose of the this study was to investigate organization change(pennation angle) of lower extremity muscle in elderly with knee osteoarthritis through ultrasonic image. Also, we examined organizational change of muscle was by influenced after total knee replacement(TKR). ■ Methods Rectus femoris image was taken at 50% of the distance between the anterior superior iliac spine and the superior border of the patella. Vastus medialis image was taken at the most distal insertion level of vastus medialis on the medial border of the patella. measurements included the most distal insertion level of the vastus medialis on the medial border of the patella. ■ Results Change of pennation angle in rectus femoris showed decrease from 5.11° in preoperation to 4.29° in 1 week after operation. Change of pennation angle in vastus medialis showed decrease from 6.94° in preoperation to 5.76° in 1 week after operation. ■ Conclusion We consider decrease of pennation angle after total knee replacement in this study was casued by organizational change of muscle and this pennation angle was influenced force created by muscle. Therefore, we thinks that this pennation angle through ultrasonic image will be available to plane individual muscle exercise program and to confirm muscle mass by muscle strength training.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2009

본 연구는 약 20년 동안 어린이놀이터 관련법규의 변화내용을 연도별, 법규별로 분석하여 관련법규의 변화가 놀이터 디자인 변화에 영향을 주었는지 연구하였다. 분석결과, 법규별, 년도별 변천내용에 대한 연구대상지의 디자인 변화는 법규 항목별로 영향을 미치는 시기, 내용이 각각 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 첫째, 도로 및 주차장으로 부터의 이격거리, 놀이시설간 안전휀스의 설치, 내구성 있는 재료의 사용 등이 항목 개정시기 이후 디자인 변화에 영향을 준 것으로 나타나고 있다. 둘째, 법규의 제 개정 이후 디자인의 변화가 나타나는 항목들은 상록수의 차폐, 일조조건이 양호한 위치의 선정 등이다. 셋째, 법규의 변화가 놀이터 디자인 변화에 영향을 미치지 않는 항목은 놀이터 내 주민운동시설의 대체가능, 위생진단 연 2회 이상으로 나타났다. 이렇게 영향요인별로 차이가 발생한 원인은 놀이터 디자인에 정확히 반영할 수 있는 법규의 세부기준이 부족하여 임의 해석을 통하여 영향을 주거나, 시간이 지나면서 외부공간의 질적 향상의 변화추세에 맞추어 반영되어진 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 주민운동시설로의 대체는 완화규정이라 할 수 있어 연구대상지 여건에 따라 주관적인 반영이 있는 것으로 판단되어진다. 이러한 법규의 변화내용이 놀이터 디자인 변화에 정확히 반영이 되어지기 위한 법규의 개선방안을 제시하였다. 특히, 법규의 준수가 가능한 구체적 기준의 제정이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 예를 들어 상록수의 차폐는 놀이터 주변 녹지의 폭, 차폐 권장수종, 차폐의 길이 등의 보완이 필요하며, 일조조건이 양호한 위치는 놀이터의 향을 제한하거나, 인접 건축물과의 이격거리 기준 등을 제시하는 것이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 최근 설계지침과 과업내용에서 나타나며 서론에서 언급한 놀이의 기능을 충실히 하기 위한 다양한 외관, 변화가 가능한 형태, 테마공간의 부여 등 "어린이 놀이터 설계기준(가칭)"이 마련되어 법규의 부족한 부분을 보완하는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.114-128
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• 2002

In order to provide information for the establishment and maintenance of a rehabilitation day care center for stroke patients. this study is to assess needs for the rehabilitation day care center of the stroke patients and to identify the factors influencing the needs for the center. The data were collected face-to-face interview with 223 stroke patients. using a structured questionnaire. from September 24. 2001 to November 20. 2001. Major findings are as follows. 1. Most of the participants($94.6\%$) needed rehabilitation day care center for stroke patients. $95.5\%$ of participants were willing to use the rehabilitation day care center. 2. Also the score of the needs for the center's health services was $2.84\pm60$ out of 4.00. In regards to the sub-contents. while the physical exercise therapy showed the highest mark($3.54\pm71$) in the needs. the following marks showed physical therapy($3.48\pm79$), training for the memory. thinking and judgment($3.30\pm93$). training for ADL($3.09\pm99$). health education program($3.04\pm93$). In the meantime. the expected effects from the use of the center are $2.89\pm61$ out of 4 and its sub-contents showed that the center would promote their physical and mental well-being($3.30\pm74$) and the center would be more effective than in home care($3.12\pm70$). 3. Meanwhile. the desired frequency of use in the future and distance had significant interrelation with their families living together(p<.05). In addition those who paid to use it differentiated significantly according to their ages and the types of insurance they had(p<.05). 4. The needs in degrees of speech disorder therapy and hobbies & amusements. the patients with other disease had significantly higher degrees than those patients without it (p<.05). Also in regard to the need degrees for physical therapy. healthy education programs and individual counseling including their families. the degrees of the patients with speech disorders were significantly lower than those of the patients without the disorder (p<.05). On the other hand. the patients with speech disorders were significantly higher than those patients without it in the need degree of the speech disorder therapy (p=.000). And the needs in degree concerning about speech disorder therapy. physical exercise therapy. training for ADL. medicinal substances therapy and family education were negatively correlated with the ADL (r=-.236$\sim$.305, (p<.005). 5. Finally. the expected effect of using the rehabilitation day care center showed significant differences statistically according to whether or not they had other disease (p<.05). In conclusion. the study showed the stroke patients were willing to use the center and had a high requirements for it and they especially had relatively high need degrees for the physical exercise therapy. physical therapy. training for memory. thinking and judgment. and healthy education program. And significant factors for the use of the center were their ages. types of insurance. family cohabitation. complications and speech disorders. ADL and so forth. Accordingly. the rehabilitation day care center needs to be established for the stroke patients and the center should develop rehabilitation care programs. which are individual and special programs customized for each patient's characteristics and health conditions.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2009

The purpose of the study is to suggest the amount of space for each behavior according to the classification of behavior in the housing to plan the optimal floor space of the elderly housing. The method for calculating space for behavior begins with classifying behaviors, identifying them and then taking pictures of the model of elderly people who reproduce each behavior. Based on the pictures, body parts which are necessary for each behavior are assembled and the formula for behavioral space is created. The space for behavior is produced considering the body dimensions of Korean elderly in their sixty's as well as the furniture size and the psychological distance between people. 3D modeling is used to verify the result. Human behaviors can be classified into individual-related, housework-related, family-related, reception-related and other behaviors. These five behaviors are subdivided into more specific behaviors. The area for each specific behavior is calculated with the anthropometric data of the elderly, preferred furniture dimension and psychological area. As a result the required area for specific behaviors is as follows: the behavior of sleeping in a bed needs $4.3m^2$; the behavior of changing clothes on a chair, $1.7m^2$; the behavior of watching TV on the floor $1.3m^2$, the behavior of working and reading using a desk, $2.1m^2$, the behavior of exercise, $2.5m^2$; the behavior of showering on a chair, $1.3m^2$ and showering using a wheelchair, $1.9m^2$; the behavior of toileting using a wheelchair, $2.3m^2$; the behavior of washing up using a wheelchair, $1.9m^2$; the behavior of eating using a table for four persons, $4.4m^2$; the behavior of cooking and washing dishes, $0.9m^2$ per counter-top; the behavior of washing clothes using a washing machine, $0.9m^2$; the behavior of ironing on the floor $1.4m^2$; the behavior of reception(three persons) on the floor considering personal space, $4.0m^2$; the behavior of taking on and off shoes on a chair, $1.3m^2$. The result of the study is utilized as quantitative data to calculate optimal floor space for elderly housing. In addition, qualitative data such as characteristics of housing preference, spacial usage and storage capacity are necessary to produce the floor space which can provide convenient and safe living environment.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2008

협업 시스템은 원거리의 다수 사용자들이 시간과 공간의 제약을 받지 않고 공동의 작업을 진행 할 수 있도록 서비스를 제공하는 시스템이다. 하지만 모든 시스템들이 그렇듯이 처음 사용할 때는 여러 가지 시행작오가 생기게 된다. 가상분자모델링 시스템인 VRMMS[1]는 여러 사용자들이 온라인상에서 분자 구조를 관찰하고 시뮬레이션 결과를 확인 할 수 있고 또한 피드백까지 줄 수 있는 협업시스템인데, 분자 모델을 연구하는 사람들에게는 유용한 시스템이지만 익숙하게 분자 구조를 조작하기 위해서는 인터페이스에 대한 학습이 필요하다. 가장 좋은 방법은 직접 만나서 교육을 시켜주는 것이지만 한 장소가 아닌 여러 장소에서 원격으로 실험을 진행하는 상황에서는 사용법에 대한 직접적인 교육이 힘들기 때문에 시행착오 기간이 길어질 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 시행착오를 줄이기 위해 가상의 현실세계인 세컨드라이프[2]를 통해 분자 구조를 관찰하고 시뮬레이션을 할 수 있는 협업시스템을 제안한다. 각각의 사용자들은 가상세계에서 자신의 아바타를 통해 가상분자모델링 시스템인 VRMMS를 사용하여 현실 세계에서와 같은 방식으로 실험을 진행할 수 있으며, 실험에 익숙하지 않는 사용자들은 실험방법을 직접 보고 따라 해 볼 수 있어서 좋은 학습효과를 기대할 수 있다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제76권5호
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• pp.226-232
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• 2014

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation and results from environmental factors and genetic factors. Although cigarette smoking is a major risk factor, other environmental exposures can influence COPD. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of COPD according to the history of environmental exposure. Methods: The study population comprised of 347 subjects with COPD who were recruited from the pulmonary clinics of 14 hospitals within the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease Study Group. We classified environmental exposures according to history of living near factory, and direct exposure history to firewood or briquette. According to living environmental exposures, we compared the frequency of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, quality of life, exercise capacity, and computed tomography phenotypes. Results: Thirty-one subjects (8.9%) had history of living near factory, 271 (78.3%) had exposure history to briquette, and 184 (53.3%) had exposure history to firewood. Patients with history of living near a factory had a significantly longer duration of sputum, while patients with exposure to firewood tended to have lower forced expiratory volume in one second, and patients with exposure to briquette tended to have lower six minute walk distance. Conclusion: COPD subjects with the history of living near factory had more frequent respiratory symptoms such as sputum. Our data suggest that environmental exposure may influence clinical phenotype of COPD.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.32-35
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• 2013

동일한 개 훈련소에서 6마리의 잉글리쉬 불독이 흡기성 호흡곤란(stridor), 구역질 및 기침의 증상으로 내원하였다. 진단검사상 기관지폐렴을 동반하거나 하지 않은 기관 저형성증으로 진단되었다. 본 환자들의 평균 연령은 $4.83{\pm}2.63$개월 이였고, 체중은 $9.03{\pm}5.30$ kg이였다. 평균 기관직경/흉강입구비(TD/TI)는 $0.085 {\pm}0.022$(정상 0.16이상)이였고 기관직경/제3늑간폭(TD/W3R)은 $1.36{\pm}0.36$ (정상 2 이상)이였다. 모든 환자는 심한 흡기성 호흡곤란과 다양한 정도의 기침소견을 보였다. 여섯 마리중 네 마리 개에서 기관지염이나 기관지폐렴이 관찰되었다. 항생제와 기관지 확장제로 치료한 결과, 환자의 임상증상은 크게 개선되었다. 비록 일부 환자에서 경미한 흡기성 호흡곤란 증상이 남아있지만(흥분이나 운동직후), 모든 환자는 현재 정상적인 삶을 살고있다.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 1999

목 적 : 전십자인대 재건술 중 널리 이용되고 있는 자가 이식건중 골-슬개건-골과 반건양건 및 박건의 슬괵건을 이용한 재건술을 시행하고 두 군의 임상적 및 방사선학적 결과를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1991년 2월부터 1995년 7월까지 임상적으로 전십자인대 파열로 진단되어 골-슬개건-골을 이용한 재건술을 시행한 45예(슬개건군)와 1996년 8월부터 1997년 12월까지 반건양건 및 박건을 아용한 재건술을 시행한 47예(슬괵건군)를 대상으로 하였다. 평균 추시기간은 19개월, 17개월로 비슷하였으며 연령, 성별 및 술전 임상적 소견의 차이는 없었다. 결 과 : 슬관절의 안정성은 술전에 비하여 두 군사이에 유사한 정도의 호전을 보이고 있었으나 장거리 보행이나 운동 후 슬개골 주위 동통과 무릎을 꿇었을 때 공여부의 통증은 슬개건군에서 현저하게 많은 발생을 보이고 있었으며, Lysholm Knee Score, 공여부 감각 저하, 연발음, 대퇴사두근의 위축 및 Telos stress 방사선 검사 등은 두 군간에 유사한 정도로 나타났다. 결 론 : 전십자인대 재건술에서 골-슬개건-골을 이용한 경우와 반건양건 및 박건의 슬괵건을 이용한 경우의 임상적 및 방사선학적 결과를 비교하였을 때 두 군간에 유의한 차이 없이 모두 우수한 결과를 나타내었으나 골-슬개건-골을 이용한 경우에서 슬개건 공여부와 슬개 대퇴관절 주위의 합병증이 더 많이 발생하였다. 이러한 슬개골 주위 합병증의 예방 및 방지를 위해서는 술전 세심한 환자의 선택과 숙련된 수술 수기의 습득, 수술 전후의 적극적인 재활 치료 등이 중요할 것으로 생각되었다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.87-106
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• 1994

Owing to the use of many cultural facilities, the elevation of life standards and the high level progress of industry, visual impairment was on increasing trends. Especially due to studying for many hours, the myopia of adolescents became a serious social issue. The purpose of this study was to understand adolescent's wearing glasses and eyesight condition, whether the primary myopia factor and the subjective symptoms were different between the myopia group and the normal group, between the wearing glasses group and the non-wearing glasses group, and the effect on physical, mental and study activity of myopia. The subject of investigation was 627 middle school students in Seoul and the investigation was accomplished from July 7th, 1993 to July 12th, 1993. The data were analyzed by the percentage, x²-test, t-test and ANOVA of SPSS. The results were as followed; 1. The rate of the right and left eyesights higher than 0.8 in the normal group was 47.0%, and those less than 0.7 in the myopia group was 53.0%. In the boy students, the normal group was 54.1%, the myopia group was 45.9%. In the girl students, the normal group was 39.2%, the myopia group was 60.8%. Therefore the girl students' myopia rates were higher than the boy students', and this result was significant(p<0.01). 2. The rate of wearing glasses of the middle school students was 44.6%. The rate of wearing glasses of the girl students was 56.8%. The rate of wearing glasses of the girl students was higher than that of the boy students 43.2%. The rate of necessary glasses of the middle school students was 6.1% and the rate of necessary glasses of the boy students was 7.9%, the rate of necessary glasses of the girl students was 4.1%. 3. In case of a family member of the student wear glasses, the rate of wearing glasses was higher. 4. In the myopia group, the main reason for not wearing glasses was "Uncomfortable"(63.3% in the boy students, 40% in the girl students). In case of the girl students, "Nonpermission of their parents" was 18.7% and remarkably higher than 5.1% in case of the boy students. 5. The factor of myopia was that "The bad attitude of watching TV closely" was 19.9%, that "The dimly-lit room" was 6.6%. 6. In order to protect eyesight, the rate of the students who practiced "Looking at something from afar 3∼4times a day" was 37.3%, the rate of the students who did "Eye exercise" was 17.5%, the rate of the students who took "A medicine for promoting nutrition" was 12.9%. The rate of taking the medicine was higher than 3.5% in the normal eyesight group. 7. After near working, the point of subjective symptoms was higher in the myopia group than in the normal group and in the wearing glasses group than in the unwearing group and in the girl students than in the boy students. 8. The longer time to watch TV, the higher point of subjective symptoms. The longer distance to watch TV, the lower point of subjective symptoms(p<0.05).

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.799-807
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• 2016

The objective of research was to explore the effects of Kinesic taping treatment on Kayaker's athletic performance and muscle fatigue variable. In order to accomplish such study objective, this study employed 8 ordinary university students and 8 university kayaker's as study subjects. The athletic performance records and blood lactate were analyzed before and after Kinesic taping treatment (KTT). Kinesic taping treatment was applied to the regions of agonist such as vastus medialis muscle, Latissimus dorsi muscle, Trapezius muscle, Biceps brachii muscle, and Triceps brachii muscle, which are major muscles for Kayaker's. Records for rest heart rate, athletic performance and blood lactate were measured upon 200m and 500m distance exercise using kayak ergometer. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 using paired t-test and one-way repeated ANOVA at significant level of a = .05. First, performance records of 200m paddling kayak showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 60.13 second before and 58.75 second after kinesic taping treatment. University kayakers had a mean score of 58.75 second before and 53.0 second after kinesic taping treatment. Both groups had significant differences between before and after KTT in the athletic performance. In addition, levels of blood lactate showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 5.89mM before and 8.90mM after KTT and university kayaker's had a mean score of 5.79mM before and 8.48mM after KTT. The ANOVA showed that the level of ordinary university students' blood lactate was significantly higher than university kayakers only after KTT. Second, performance records of 500m paddling kayak showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 2.90 minute before and 2.77 minute after KTT and university kayaker's had a mean score of 2.30 minute before and 2.20 minute after KTT. Both groups had significant differences between before and after KTT in the athletic performance. Moreover, only university kayaker's had a significantly higher performance record than the counterpart. Levels of blood lactate showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 7.71mM before and 8.85mM after KTT and university kayakers had a mean score of 8.09mM before and 8.45mM after KTT. However, such a level of increase had no significant difference between the groups