• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2024

Objectives: Childhood maltreatment can negatively impact cognitive development, including executive function, working memory, and processing speed. This study investigated the impact of childhood maltreatment on cognitive function in young adults using various measurements, including computerized tests, and their relationship with emotional dysregulation. Methods: We recruited 149 healthy individuals with and without maltreatment experiences and used the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV (WAIS-IV) and a computerized battery to analyze cognitive function. Results: Both the WAIS-IV and computerized tests revealed that individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment had decreased cognitive function, especially in terms of working memory and processing speed. These individuals tended to employ maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Among cognitive functions, working memory is negatively related to maladaptive emotion regulation strategies such as catastrophizing. Conclusion: This study highlights the effects of childhood maltreatment on cognitive function in young adulthood. Moreover, the study suggests clinical implications of cognitive interventions for improving emotion regulation and cognitive function in individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.33-50
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• 2015

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 뇌졸중 환자의 집행 기능 향상을 위해 회복기 및 인지 과정에 따른 중재법을 알아보고, 이를 집행기능 장애의 사례별 특성에 따라 정리하여 임상현장의 작업치료사에게 시행방법과 근거를 제시하고자 하는 것이다. 연구방법: 주요검색 용어'Stroke', 'Executive function', 'Executive function deficit', 'Occupational therapy', 'Rehabilitation', 'Remedial', 'Compensatory' and 'Education'를 사용하여 1996년부터 2015년 4월까지 20년 간의 문헌을 검색하였다. 전자 테이터 베이스인 MEDLINE, SCOPUS, RISS을 사용하였으며 최종적으로 13개의 논문이 본 연구의 분석 대상으로 사용되었다. 결과: 선정된 13편의 연구는 질적 수준(level of evidence)에 따라 전체 연구 중 수준I에 포함하는 무작위 할당 실험설계는 6개(46.2%)이었고, 수준II가 1개(7.7%), 수준III이 2개(15.4%), 수준IV가 4개(30.8%)이었다. 각 중재 방법에 따른 결과로 실행 기능의 향상을 보이나 일상생활의 일반화는 각 실험에 따라 차이가 있었다. 결론: 뇌졸중 환자의 집행 기능 향상을 위해 다양한 중재 방법이 적용되고 있으며, 중재 방법에 따라 효과의 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자의 집행 기능 향상을 위한 중재 방법의 임상적 적용에 대한 근거를 제시하였다. 향후 연구에서는 다양한 중재 방법의 적용과 급성기 뇌졸중 환자에 대한 적용이 필요하다.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

Purpose: This study reviewed articles related to breast cancer, cognitive function and chemotherapy available in 4 databases. Methods: The researcher reviewed 32 pieces of literature that were published between January 2001 and November 2011. Results: Within the last decade, several studies have investigated whether adjuvant treatment of breast cancer affects cognitive function. A number of prospective studies have reported inconsistent results regarding whether chemotherapy affects cognitive function. Approximately half of the studies reported subtle cognitive decline in a wide range of domains among some breast cancer patients following chemotherapy, and others did not. Conclusion: Breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy showed the most deterioration and the most persistent decline in cognitive function. Since cognitive impairment is subtle, if evident at all, discrepant findings are due to hormonal, physiological, psychological or temporal confounding variables and differences in study design. Especially, that chemotherapy may impair memory, executive function, attention and visuospatial function in women with breast cancer.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2023

Cognitive dysfunction is relatively less considered a complication of hypertension. However, there is sufficient evidence to show that high blood pressure in middle age increases the risk of cognitive decline and dementia in old age. The greatest impact on cognitive function in those with hypertension is on executive or frontal lobe function, similar to the area most damaged in vascular dementia. Possible cognitive disorders associated with hypertension are vascular dementia, Alzheimer disease, and Lewy body dementia, listed in decreasing strength of association. The pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with hypertension includes brain atrophy, microinfarcts, microbleeds, neuronal loss, white matter lesions, network disruption, neurovascular unit damage, reduced cerebral blood flow, blood-brain barrier damage, enlarged perivascular damage, and proteinopathy. Antihypertensive drugs may reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Given the high prevalence of dementia and its impact on quality of life, treatment of hypertension to reduce cognitive decline may be a clinically relevant intervention.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2011

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the severity of white matter changes (WMC), risk factors and cognitive domains, including executive function profiles. Method Forty nine subjects over 55 years with subjective memory complaints were assessed with MRI and neuropsychological tests. The WMC were assessed by MRI T2-FLAIR images and divided into 3 groups of mild vs. moderate vs. severe and 2 groups of mild-moderate vs. severe by using Mantyla's criteria and Fazeka's criteria. The risk factors were examined in hypertension, heart disease history and chemistry Lab. Medical conditions which affect to cognitive dysfunction and definite dementia were also excluded. Results Comparing 3 groups, hypertension was identified as a risk factor of the WMC. Comparing 2 groups, total cholesterol and LDL were identified for as the risk factor of WMC. The severity of WMC was significantly associated with cognitive disturbances and their main effect on cognition was working memory and inhibition. Conclusion The risk factors of the WMC in the elderly were hypertension, hyperlipidemia. The severity of WMC appears to be associated with executive dysfunction in the elderly.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.133-143
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 조기영어학습 경험의 유형에 따른 실행기능의 차이를 분석하는 것이다. 연구대상은 어학원에서 몰입식 영어교육 경험을 가진 23명의 유아, 어린이집에서 방과후 영어학습 경험을 가진 52명의 유아, 총 75명을 대상으로 삼았다. 연구도구는 주의통제의 경우 스트룹 과제, 인지적 융통성의 경우 카드분류과제와 숫자 따라 외우기 소검사, 정보처리의 경우 도안 유창성, 목표설정의 경우 미로 소검사를 사용하여 측정하였다. 자료분석은 전체지능지수를 공변인으로 한 공분산분석을 적용하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 주의통제와 인지적 융통성은 조기영어학습의 유형에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 정보처리와 목표설정은 조기영어학습의 유형에 따라 어떠한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구는 전일제 조기영어학습의 경험이 주의통제와 인지적 융통성에는 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 반면, 정보처리와 목표설정에는 어떠한 영향도 미치지 않음을 시사한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.644-658
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cognitive effects of chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. Methods: Using several databases, prospective studies were collected up to August 2011. Of 2,106 publications identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria, and 8 studies were used to estimate the effect size of chemotherapy on cognitive impairment. Results: Twelve studies were done since 2005 and most of the research was performed in Europe or North America. Eight studies were used to generate effect size across the cognitive domains of attention/concentration, verbal and visual memory, executive function, visuospatial skill, language, and subjective cognitive function. Each of the cognitive domains showed small effect sizes (-0.02 ~ -0.26), indicating diminished cognitive function for the chemotherapy group compared with non-chemotherapy groups. Conclusion: Finding suggests that breast cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy may experience mild cognitive decline. Further study is needed to generate knowledge and guideline for interventions to address chemotherapy related cognitive impairment in these patients.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate 1) the neuropsychological deficits with major depressive disorder(MDD) in depressed state and 2) the changes of neuropsychological dysfunctions during depressed episodes and remitted periods in the MDD group. Methods : 12 patients with MDD and 70 normal controls who were diagnosed and classified by DSM-IV and SCID-IV interview participated in this study. The psychopathology was measured using the Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAM-D) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS). The memory function, executive function, and sustained attention were measured by a trained psychologist using the Korean version of Memory Assessment Scale(K-MAS), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST), and Vigilance(VIG) and Cognitrone (COG) in Vienna Test System. After 6 weeks of treatment, we retested the cognitive tests in order to measure the cognitive functions in remitted states. Results : Patients with MDD achieved significantly lower score in sentence immediately recall, verbal memory score and total memory score of the K-MAS, total errors of the WCST, response time of Vigilance and response time at "Yes" response of Cognitrone than normal controls at baseline. After 6 weeks of medication, the psychiatric symptoms in the patient group were attenuated, and most of the neuropsychological functions including attention, memory, and frontal/executive function were improved except for response time of Cognitrone. Conclusions : This study provides evidence for distinct neuropsychological deficits in patients with MDD on their depressed states and remitted periods. The impairment on response time remains after remission, and this would be a trait marker of major depressive disorder.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2018

본 연구는 성인의 스마트폰 중독이 기억손상에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 집행기능결함의 매개효과를 검증하고 상담개입과정에서의 함의를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 성인 300명(남 146명, 여 154명)을 대상으로 스마트폰 중독 진단척도, 집행기능결함을 측정하기 위한 Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale-Short Form(BDEFS-SF), 기억손상을 측정하기 위한 다요인 기억설문지를 실시하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스마트폰 중독은 집행기능결함 및 기억손상과 정적 상관을 나타냈고, 집행기능결함은 기억손상과 정적 상관을 나타냈다. 둘째, 스마트폰 중독 위험집단은 일반사용자집단에 비해 집행기능결함과 기억손상의 모든 하위요인들에서 유의미하게 높은 점수를 나타냈다. 셋째, 스마트폰 중독과 집행기능결함의 하위요인들이 기억손상에 미치는 상대적 영향력을 파악하기 위해 단계적 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 자기조직화/문제해결, 시간에 대한 자기관리, 자제, 금단의 순으로 기억손상에 대한 설명력을 나타냈다. 넷째, 집행기능결함은 스마트폰 중독과 기억손상 간의 관계에서 완전매개역할을 했다. 본 연구결과는 스마트폰 중독경향이 있는 성인을 위한 상담개입과정에서 인지기능 향상을 위한 집행기능 재활훈련 프로그램의 개발 필요성을 시사하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the deficits of executive function in children with ADHD, Asperger's Disorder(AD), and teaming disorder (LD), and to identify the differential characteristics of executive function deficits among three groups. Methods : The clinical group consisted of 46 children between the ages of 7 and 15 (16 ADHD, 16 LD, 14 AD). Neuropsychological tests for measuring cognitive function, attention and executive function were individually administered to children, and their performance scores were calculated based on the age norm for each test. Results : There was no significant difference in FSIQ, VIQ, and PIQ among the three groups. However, the AD group tended to show higher scores on the subtests of Information, Vocabulary and Digit Span, and lower score on Comprehension subtest than the ADHD and LD groups, while the LD group tended to show the lowest scores on the Information and Vocabulary subtests. On ADS, the ADHD group showed the highest omission and commission errors. All groups showed poor performances belonging to below 25 percentile ranks on executive function tests when compared to the age norms of normative group. The number of completed category on WCST was the smallest in the ADHD group, while the working memory score was the lowest in the LD group. Conclusion : These results suggest that ADHD, LD, and AD children have executive function deficit in common. However, the specific deficit areas in executive function are different for each group.