• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.888-901
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• 2020

Objective: A set of microsatellite markers with high polymorphism from Tsaiya duck were used for the genetic monitoring and genetic structure analysis of Brown and White Tsaiya duck populations in Taiwan. Methods: The synthetic short tandem repeated probes were used to isolate new microsatellite markers from the genomic DNA of Tsaiya ducks. Eight populations, a total of 566 samples, sourced from Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute were genotyped through novel and known markers. The population genetic variables were calculated using optional programs in order to describe and monitor the genetic variability and the genetic structures of these Tsaiya duck populations. Results: In total 24 primer pairs, including 17 novel microsatellite loci from this study and seven previously known loci, were constructed for the detection of genetic variations in duck populations. The average values for the allele number, the effective number of alleles, the observed heterozygosity, the expected heterozygosity, and the polymorphism information content were 11.29, 5.370, 0.591, 0.746, and 0.708, respectively. The results of analysis of molecular variance and principal component analysis indicated a contracting Brown Tsaiya duck cluster and a spreading White Tsaiya duck cluster. The Brown Tsaiya ducks and the White Tsaiya ducks with Pekin ducks were just split to six clusters and three clusters when K was set equal to 6 and 3 in the Bayesian cluster analysis. The individual phylogenetic tree revealed eight taxa, and each individual was assigned to its own population. Conclusion: According to our study, the 24 novel microsatellite markers exhibited a high capacity to analyze relationships of inter- and intra-population in those populations with a relatively limited degree of genetic diversity. We suggest that duck farms in Taiwan could use the new (novel) microsatellite set to monitor the genetic characteristics and structures of their Tsaiya duck populations at various intervals in order to ensure quality breeding and conservation strategies.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.523-535
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 과학영재의 학업성취도와 인지적 특성, 성격적 특성과의 상관관계를 살펴보고 학업성취도 수준에 따라 학업성취에 영향을 미치는 인지적 성격적 변인에 어떠한 차이가 있는지 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해, 과학영재학생 125명의 학업성적, 학습능력검사(인지능력 변인)와 성격검사(NEO 성격변인)결과를 수집하여 분석하였다. 학업성취도와 인지 및 성격요인들간의 상관분석을 실시한 결과, 학업성취도는 집중력, 실행력, 학습동기와 상관관계가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 학업성취도 수준에 따라서는 성취도가 '상'인 그룹의 영재들은 성실성(r=.439, p<.01)이 높을수록, 학업성취도가 '중'인 그룹의 영재들은 실행력(r=.380, p<.01)과 학습동기(r=.376, p<.01)가 높을수록, 그리고 외향성(r=-.248, p<.01)이 낮을수록 학업성취가 높았다. 그리고 학업성취도가 '하'인 그룹에서는 집중력(r=.367, p<.01)이 낮을수록 학업성취도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 과학영재들의 학업성취도에 영향을 주는 변인으로는 인지능력의 실행력과 성격요인의 외향성이 유의한 변인으로 나타났다. 학업성취도 수준에 따라서는 학업성취도가 '상'인 그룹의 경우 성실성, '중'인 그룹은 실행력과 학습동기, 그리고 '하'인 그룹은 집중력이 학업성취도를 예측하는 유의한 변인으로 나타났다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.118-128
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• 2015

Purpose: Evidence suggests that some patients with breast cancer experience cognitive difficulties following chemotherapy. This longitudinal study was done to examine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and trajectory of cognitive function over time in women with breast cancer, who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Participants were 137 patients with breast cancer. They completed neuropsychological tests and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function before adjuvant therapy (pretest), toward the end of adjuvant therapy (posttest), and 6 months after the completion of adjuvant therapy (follow-up test). Of the patients, 91 were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and 46 patients who did not receive chemotherapy made up the comparison group. A reliable-change index and repeated-measure ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Results: At the posttest point, over 30% of patients showed complex cognitive impairment and reported greater difficulty in subjective cognitive function. At the follow-up test point, 22.0% of patients exhibited complex cognitive impairment and 30.8% of patients complained of subjective cognitive impairment. Repeated-measure ANOVA showed significant decreases after receiving chemotherapy followed by small improvements 6 months after the completion of chemotherapy in cognitive domains of change for attention and concentration, memory, executive function, and subjective cognitive function. Conclusion: These results suggest that chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer may be associated with objective and subjective cognitive impairments. Further studies are needed to explore the potential risk factors and predictor of chemotherapy-related cognitive changes. Also nursing interventions for prevention and intervention of cognitive impairments should be developed and tested.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.29-56
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• 2008

Since the execution of National Health Insurance system in Taiwan, the competition of medical industry is becoming more and more severe. The ways the hospital operate knowledge management (KM) concept, combine current human resources and professional knowledge by information techniques and upgrade the competitiveness through reinvention of organizational culture have become the important issues. This research is based on the relationship between KM and organizational operation, integrates the characteristic of medical institutions and framework of medical knowledge cycle and starts the research subject by questionnaires from three dimensions: current situation of KM construction in medical organizations, executive effect of KM activities and the challenges faced by KM; subsequently, from qualitative interview, this research attempts to understand how a medical organization executes and adjusts in the consideration of theory and reality as well as quality and costs when actually operates the organization. This research accesses to KM system application of medical institutions and the empirical executive benefits and difficulties through questionnaires. The research results are as follows: (1) having initial understanding toward current KM establishment of medical institutions; (2) confirming the most important items of KM establishment of medical organizations; (3) understanding the most difficulty which the medical organizations encounter when executing KM; (4) establishing medical knowledge cycle figure of the hospitals receiving interviews. Through case interview, this research profoundly accessed to the actual operation of KM application of medical organizations. The target hospitals intended to try many medical KM measures; however, during to complicated hospital organizations and cultural characteristics, the promotion was not successful and the results were not apparent. The most difficulty was to change the employees’ behavior. The targets believed that only the continuous promotion of KM can allow it to be an important aspect of organizational culture and the competitiveness could constant be upgraded.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1163-1170
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• 2015

Two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus johnsonii x-1d-2 and Lactobacillus mucosae x-4w-1, originally isolated from piglet feces, have been demonstrated to possess antimicrobial activities, antibiotic resistances and interleukin-6 induction ability in RAW 267.4 macrophages in our previous study. These characteristics make L. johnsonii x-1d-2 and L. mucosae x-4w-1 good candidates for application in feed probiotics. In this study, soybeal meal, molasses and sodium acetate were selected to optimize the growth medium for cultivation of L. johnsonii x-1d-2 and L. mucosae x-4w-1. These two strains were then freeze-dried and mixed into the basal diet to feed the weaned piglets. The effects of L. johnsonii x-1d-2 and L. mucosae x-4w-1 on the growth performance and fecal microflora of weaned piglets were investigated. The results showed that the bacterial numbers of L. johnsonii x-1d-2 and L. mucosae x-4w-1 reached a maximum of 8.90 and 9.30 log CFU/mL, respectively, when growing in optimal medium consisting of 5.5% (wt/vol) soybean meal, 1.0% (wt/vol) molasses and 1.0% (wt/vol) sodium acetate. The medium cost was 96% lower than the commercial de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe medium. In a further feeding study, the weaned piglets fed basal diet supplemented with freeze-dried probiotic cultures exhibited higher (p<0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, and gain/feed ratio than weaned piglets fed basal diet. Probiotic feeding also increased the numbers of lactobacilli and decreased the numbers of E. coli in the feces of weaned piglets. This study demonstrates that L. johnsonii x-1d-2 and L. mucosae x-4w-1 have high potential to be used as feed additives in the pig industry.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.87-107
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• 2011

There are two methods to resolve conflicts related to constructions which are through lawsuits and ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) just like any other conflicts. Along with the special characteristics pertaining to the conflicts related to constructions, the advantages that ADR is in possession of such as its cost, duration and professionalism, resolving conflicts through ADR has been considered to be more logical than any other options recently. In Korea's case at present, the resolution of conflicts regarding constructions through ADR is mostly dependent on administrative mediation or through arbitration. However, in the case of the administrative mediation, its usage rate is very low due to problems caused by problems in its running and effectiveness. In the case of arbitration, the services of the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board is comparatively used more but because of the fact that arbitration relies on a single trial system and the fact that its executive powers while having the same effectiveness as the final ruling does not get acknowledged leads to the phenomena of avoiding its usage. In addition, in relation to the selective arbitration clause, the problem of effectiveness of the arbitrative agreement is becoming a hindrance to the activation and promotion of the arbitration process. Furthermore, in the case where the ordering body is the government, the public servant involved in the case avoiding the arbitration process because of concerns of being penalized by the internal and external audit within the institution is becoming a problem as well. These problems are not only limited to conflicts regarding constructions and there needs to be actions taken to promote the activation of ADR by enacting a basic law. The more important issue at hand however is offering a resolution measure that would be the most appropriate for users and this could probably be done only through actions such as implementing the American partnering system or the dispute adjudication board system so that they can supervise the resolution of conflicts through mediation, arbitration, and assistance as well as offering consultations regarding conflicts related to constructions.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.314-325
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• 2013

Background: Stem cell research competition is accelerating globally since President Obama signed an executive order, repealing Bush-era policy that limited use of federal tax dollars for embryonic stem cell research. Methods: In this paper, we conducted a comparative analysis of stem cell research policy changes in three countries, including the Human Fertilisation Embryology Act (HFEA) of UK, executive order 13,505 (removing barriers to responsible scientific research involving human stem cells) of USA, and Bioethics and Safety Act of South Korea. Debates on stem cell research are based on conflicts of fundamental beliefs that exist in the supporting and opposing coalitions. We compared regional characteristics of the advocacy coalitions in three countries and presented various factors that might be related to the policy changes. Results: The UK government, parliament, and the HFEA have sought expert consultations and public opinions to establish guidelines. UK has made social consensus through continued discussion for a long time. US President's veto power was one strongest factors influencing policy. South Korean policy was influenced by public opinion and policy brokers. Also, South Korea has not made social consensus. UK had a strong leadership and strong adjustment of coalitions but US and South Korea had not. Dr. Hwang's scandal has had one of the greatest impacts on policy decision in South Korea. Conclusion: The power of public opinion was critical in all three countries. In particular, the influence of public opinion was noticeable in South Korea. Also it turned out that in US and South Korea, the presence of a policy broker who could pursue his or her goals was the most powerful factor among the advocacy coalition factors.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2019

한국사회에서 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR)은 산업 규범으로 자리 잡고 있으며, 많은 기업들이 이에 대한 제도적 압력에 순응하여 CSR 활동을 수행하고 있다. 이러한 상황 속에서, 본 연구는 휴브리스와 같은 최고경영자(CEO)의 특성과 사외이사, 외국인 지분률과 같은 기업지배구조 장치가 CSR에 대한 규범을 받아들이는데 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 제시한다. 휴브리스를 지닌 경영자는 제도적 압력에 순응하지 않으며, 산업 규범에 대한 순종을 거부하는 경향이 있다. 따라서, 휴브리스를 지닌 경영자는 타 기업들의 평균적인 즉, 규범화된 수준이 아닌 더 높거나 낮은 수준의 CSR 활동을 수행할 것으로 예상된다. 반면, 경영상의 불확실성을 감소시키기 위해, 기업지배구조는 경영자가 규범화된 수준의 CSR 활동을 유지하도록 CEO를 통제할 것이다. 또한, 기업지배구조 장치는 기업 경영에 나쁜 영향을 미치는 것을 알려진 CEO 휴브리스가 경영의사결정에 미치는 영향을 감소시킨다고 알려져 있다. 따라서, 지배구조가 강화될수록, CEO 휴브리스가 기업의 CSR 활동 수준에 미치는 영향을 감소시킬 것이다.

• 인지과학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.559-602
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• 2010

본 연구는 정보처리 관점에서 기억과 주의와의 비교를 통하여 의식의 개념과 기능적 특성을 탐색해 보고, 의식과 기억과 주의의 관계에 기반한 정보처리와 작업기억의 특성에 대한 대안적 관점을 제시하고자 하였다. 인간의 심적 활동을 설명하기 위해서는 어떤 개념들이 설명에 사용될 만큼 충분히 잘 이해되고 있는지에 대한 합의가 필요하기 때문에 공통적으로 이해되는 기초개념이 무엇인지를 알아내는 것은 중요하다. 기억과 주의와의 비교를 통해 정보처리 관점에서 의식은 주변 환경과 자극에 대한 그리고 이를 처리하는 정보처리과정에 대해 자각하고, 필요한 행동을 결정내리고 수많은 정보들을 통합하고 통제할 수 있는 작동시스템의 특성을 가진다. 의식은 정보의 부호화와 저장, 인출이란 특성을 가진 기억, 그리고 정보의 선택과 분할이란 특성을 가진 주의와 개념적으로 기능적으로 구분되는 심적 구성체 일 수 있다. 이러한 경우 작업기억은 다양한 구성요소로 이루어진 하나의 시스템이라기 보다는 의식과 기억과 주의가 함께 혹은 독립적으로 작동하는 정보처리의 작업장일 수 있다. 또한 의식과 기억과 주의란 심적구성체가 함께 혹은 독립적으로 작동하는 심적구조에서 정보처리는 의식적인 처리과정과 무의식적인 처리과정의 연속선상에서 위계 병렬적으로 일어날 수 있다.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디지털정책학회 2006년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.11-18
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to find an appropriate policy for local government innovation step by step. In order to accomplish this purpose, we considered the characteristics and situation of Gumi city. Specifically, we analyzed the win-win strategy of the department for the largest local administration innovation. Finally, we found that the chief executive's leadership and other strategies such as the adjustment of the innovation propulsion system are key factors. Also, Managing the resistance to change appeared during the process of local administrative innovation is important . The failure of the policy for local government innovation is caused by the failure to manage the resistance Thus for government innovation to succeed, correct informal ion provision, comprehensive participation of public officials and effect ive management of resistance is necessary.