• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권6A호
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• pp.535-542
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• 2010

철도교량과 같이 주기적 가진에 의해 공진발생의 가능성이 높은 구조물에 있어서, 정확한 구조물의 동적특성치 파악은 설계단계 및 공용중 안정적인 응답을 확보하기 위해 필수적이다. 이 논문에서는 실축척 구조물을 대상으로 하는 강제 진동실험에서 일반적으로 사용할 수 있는 가진방법인 가진기 및 충격해머를 사용한 가진실험의 결과를 상호 비교하여 가진방법에 따른 고유진동수 추출결과의 차이 및 차이의 발생원인을 분석하고, 보다 정확한 구조물의 고유진동수를 산출하기 위한 보정방법을 제안하였다. 또한, 철도교량의 시공단계에 따라 궤도부설 전, 후에 진동실험을 수행하였으며, 궤도부설에 의한 고유진동수 변화를 관찰하였다. 가진방법에 따른 측정 고유진동수의 차이는 가진기의 경우 부가질량의 효과, 충격해머의 경우 동적응답 레벨에 따라 변화하는 지점강성효과에 기인하는 것으로 파악되었으며, 이에 대한 보정을 통해 보다 신뢰성 높은 고유진동수로 환산하는 것이 가능하였다. 궤도부설의 효과는 일반적으로 부가질량으로만 고려하여 궤도부설 전에 비해 고유진동수가 감소하는 것으로 예상되어 왔지만, 이 연구에서 수행한 실험의 결과로 질량추가의 효과에 상당하는 강성기여 효과도 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 강성증가율은 발생변위의 수준에 비례하여 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 설계단계에서 완성계의 고유진동수 예측시 궤도의 발생변위수준을 고려하여 적절히 강성기여 효과를 고려하는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2010

This paper studies causes of the L-1 blade damage of a low pressure turbine, which was found during the scheduled maintenance, in 500 MW fossil power plants. Many failures of turbine blades are caused by the coupling of aerodynamic forcing with bladed-disk vibration characteristics. In this study the coupled vibration characteristics of the L-1 turbine bladed-disk in a fossil power plant is shown for the purpose of identifying the root cause of the damage and confirming equipment integrity. First, analytic and experimental modal analysis for the bladed-disk at zero rpm as well as a single blade were performed and analyzed in order to verify the finite element model, and then steady stresses, natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes, dynamic stresses were calculated for the bladed-disk under operation. Centrifugal force and steady steam force were considered in calculation of steady and dynamic stress. The proximity of modes to sources of excitation was assessed by means of an interference diagram to examine resonances. In addition, fatigue analysis was done for the dangerous modes of operation by a local strain approach. It is expected that these dynamic characteristics will be used effectively to identify the root causes of blade failures and to perform prompt maintenance.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.655-660
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• 2007

This paper presents real-time hybrid test method of large-scale MR damper applied to a building structure under seismic excitation. The real-time hybrid test using an actuator for the control performance evaluation of a MR damper controlling the response of earthquake-excited building structure is experimentally implemented. In the test, the building structure is used as a numerical part, on which a large-scale MR damper adopted as an experimental part was installed to reduce its response. At first, the force that is acting between a MR damper and building structure is measured from the load cell attached on the actuator system and is fed-back to the computer to control the motion of the actuator. Then, the actuator is so driven that the error between the interface displacement computed from the numerical building structure with the excitations of earthquake and the fed-back interface force and that measured from the actuator. The control efficiency of the MR damper used in this paper is experimentally confirmed by implementing this process of experiment on real-time.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권10호
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• pp.1542-1547
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• 2012

Asynchronous phenomenon occurs on the synchronous generators under power system when a generator's amplitude of electromagnetic force, phase angle, frequency and waveform etc become different from those of other synchronous generators which can follow instantly varying speed of turbine. Because the amplitude of electromagnetic force, phase frequency and waveform differ from those of other generators with which are to be put into parallel operation due to the change of excitation condition for load sharing and the sharing load change, if reactive current in the internal circuit circulates among generators, the efficiency varies and the stator winding of generators are overheated by resistance loss. When calculation method of protection settings and logic for protection of generator asynchronization will be recommended, a distance relay scheme is commonly used for backup protection. This scheme, called a step distance protection, is comprised of 3 steps for graded zones having different operating time. As for the conventional step distance protection scheme, zone 2 can exceed the ordinary coverage excessively in case of a transformer protection relay especially. In this case, there can be overlapped protection area from a backup protection relay and, therefore, malfunctions can occur when any fault occurs in the overlapped protection area. Distance relays and overcurrent relays are used for backup protection generally, and both relays have normally this problem, the maloperation, caused by a fault in the overlapped protection area. Corresponding to an IEEE standard, this problem can be solved with the modification of the operating time. On the other hand, in Korea, zones are modified to cope with this problem in some specific conditions. These two methods may not be obvious to handle this problem correctly because these methods, modifying the common rules, can cause another coordination problem. To overcome asynchronizing protection, this paper describes an improved backup protection coordination scheme using a new logic that will be suggested.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

This paper presents a navigation garde capacitive microaccelerometer, whose low-noise high-resolution detection capability is achieved by a new electrode design based on a high-amplitude anti-phase sense voltage. We reduce the mechanical noise of the microaccelerometer to the level of 5.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/(equation omitted) by increasing the proof-mass based on deep RIE process of an SOI wafer. We reduce the electrical noise as low as 0.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/(equation omitted) by using an anti-phase high-amplitude square-wave sense voltage of 19V. The nonlinearity problem caused by the high-amplitude sense voltage is solved by a new electrode design of branched finger type. Combined use of the branched finger electrode and high-amplitude sense voltage generates self force-balancing effects, resulting in an 140％ increase of the bandwidth from 726㎐ to 1,734㎐. For a fixed sense voltage of 10V, the total noise is measured as 2.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/(equation omitted) at the air pressure of 3.9torr, which is the 51％ of the total noise of 5.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/(equation omitted) at the atmospheric pressure. From the excitation test using 1g, 10㎐ sinusoidal acceleration, the signal-to-noise ratio of the fabricated microaccelerometer is measured as 105㏈, which is equivalent to the noise level of 5.7$\mu\textrm{g}$/(equation omitted). The sensitivity and linearity of the branched finger capacitive microaccelerometer are measured as 0.638V/g and 0.044％, respectively.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2015

NVH engineering has become a hot issue due to radical technology changes and development in automotive industry since customers' expectations and needs for their vehicle is taken to a higher level. However, the source identification and quantification of the road noise within a vehicle is still not at the level where it needs to be to meet their expectations due to its' complex transfer path and difficulties in path optimization. The primary focus of this research is on direct force obtaining method at suspension hard points using suspension test rig. Directly obtained forces at suspension to body mounting points are critical and crucial for determining the effects of design changes of the suspension has on road noise performance. Direct force obtaining method has its limitation in sensor installation within an actual vehicle therefore, many has been indirectly calculating forces using full matrix inversion method or dynamic stiffness method. In this study, to circumvent this limitation, a suspension rig is used. Then, the suspension rig is verified through a comparative analysis of its dynamic behavior between the actual vehicle by cleat test on chassis dynamometer.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.297-311
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• 2018

Plate and shell structure is widely applied in engineering, i.e. building roofs, aircraft wings, ship platforms, and satellite solar arrays. Its vibration problem has become increasingly prominent due to the tendency of lightening, upsizing and flexibility. As a new smart material with great actuating force and toughness, macro-fiber composite (MFC) is composed of piezoelectric fiber and epoxy resin basal body, which can be directly pasted onto the surface of plate and shell and is suitable for vibration control. This paper deduces the actuation equation of MFC coupled plate in different boundary conditions, an equivalent finite element modeling method is proposed which uses MFC actuating force as the applied excitation, and on this basis the active control simulation and experiment of MFC over plate and shell structure vibration are accomplished. The results indicate that MFC is able to implement effective control over plate and shell structure vibration in multi-band range. The comparison between experiment and simulation proves that the actuation equation deduced herein, effective and practicable, can be applied into the simulation calculation of MFC vibration control over plate and shell structure.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.541-546
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 박막형 $ZnGa_2O_4:Mn$ 산화물 형광체의 음극선루미느센스 특성과 구조적 성질에 대하여 field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), photoluminescence (PL), 그리고 cathodoluminescence (CL) 방법을 이용하여 조사하였다. $ZnGa_2O_4:Mn$ 형광체 타겟으로부터 $Mn^{2+}$ 이온의 $^4T_1{\rightarrow}^6A_1$ 전이에 의한 506nm 파장에서의 PL emission 스펙트럼이 관찰되었다. 색좌표는 x = 0.09, y = 0.67 이었다. $ZnGa_2O_4:Mn$ 박막의 여기 스펙트럼은 $Mn^{2+}$ 이온 흡수에 의한 294 nm의 피크 파장을 나타내었다. 낮은 압력에서 증착한 $ZnGa_2O_4:Mn$ 형광체 박막은 고밀도의 치밀한 단면구조를 보였고, 높은 세기의 음극선루미느센스가 505 nm 피크 파장에서 나타났다. 표면 거칠기가 음극선루미느센스의 세기에 미치는 영향은 관찰되지 않았다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.129-139
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• 2018

Post-tensioning (PT) tendons are commonly used for the assembly of modularized concrete members, and tension is applied to the tendons during construction to facilitate the integrated behavior of the members. However, the tension in a PT tendon decreases over time due to steel corrosion and concrete creep, and consequently, the stress on the anchor head that secures the PT tendon also diminishes. This study proposes an automatic detection system to identify tension reduction in a PT tendon using pulsed-eddy-current (PEC) measurement. An eddy-current sensor is installed on the surface of the steel anchor head. The sensor creates a pulsed excitation to the driving coil and measures the resulting PEC response using the pick-up coil. The basic premise is that the tension reduction of a PT tendon results in stress reduction on the anchor head surface and a change in the PEC intensity measured by the pick-up coil. Thus, PEC measurement is used to detect the reduction of the anchor head stress and consequently the reduction of the PT tendon force below a certain threshold value. The advantages of the proposed PEC-based tension-reduction-detection (PTRD) system are (1) a low-cost (< $ 30), low-power (< 2 Watts) sensor, (2) a short inspection time (< 10 seconds), (3) high reliability and (4) the potential for embedded sensing. A 3.3 m long full-scale monostrand PT tendon was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed PTRD system. The PT tendon was tensioned to 180 kN using a custom universal tensile machine, and the tension was decreased to 0 kN at 20 kN intervals. At each tension, the PEC responses were measured, and tension reduction was successfully detected.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.5-13
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• 1992

엔진의 가진력으로 인해 발생되는 차량의 진동은 승차감에 큰 영향을 미치며, 또한 엔진 마운트 계의 동역학적 특성은 차량의 진동 및 소음에 직접적인 영향을 준다. 본 논문에서는 승용 지이프차의 엔진 key-off시 엔진 가진력으로 인한 차체 흔들림(body shake)을 실험을 통하여 측정함과 동시에 매카니즘해석 전용 프로그램인 DADS를 이용한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 고찰하였다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 모델은 엔진, 후레임이 포함된 차체, 앞 엑슬 그리고 뒤 엑슬로 구성되며, 각 엑슬은 좌우에 타이어를 고려하였다. 실험에서 얻은 차체 흔들림의 실험 결과와 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션한 결과를 비교 검토하였으며, 검증된 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 모델을 통하여 엔진 마운트 고무의 강성, 엔진마운트의 설치각도 및 마운트 위치를 변경하여 key-off 시 자체 흔들림을 고찰함으로써 엔진 key-off 시의 차체 흔들림의 감소를 확인하였다.