• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.759-770
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• 2012

Purpose: This ethnography was done to explore patterns of weight management behavior among adults using obesity clinics. Methods: The participants were 12 adults who were overweight or obese and 2 family members. Data were collected from iterative fieldwork in the obesity clinics of two hospitals. Data were analyzed using text analysis and taxonomic methods. Results: Weight management behaviors among participants varied according to the recognition of the body and motivation for weight control, Participants' behavior was discussed in the socio-cultural context of obesity. Patterns of weight management behavior among participants were categorized by focus: strategic self-oriented type including managements for the body as a social asset and for health, selective neglect type, and passive group value-oriented type including type dependent on others and managements for beauty. Conclusion: Participants' weight management behavior was guided by folk concepts of body and health. and constructed within the socio-cultural context. It is necessary for health care providers to understand physical and psychological problems arising from the repeated trials, excessive control of weight, and Western cultural discourse on beauty ideals among adults who are overweight or obese. Therefore, interventions should be tailored to address individual and community needs.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.829-836
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to identify prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness(EDS) and its associations with sleep habits, sleep problems, depression, subjective health status and obesity in community dwelling adults. Method: Data was collected from adults aged 20-59 years by random sampling. Subjects completed a questionnaire which was composed of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and questions that included items about sleep habits, sleep problems, subjective health status and sociodemographic characteristics. Height and weight were measured for calculation of body mass index. The statistical analyses was based on 3,302 adults (51.5% males and 48.5% females). Descriptive statistics, univariate logistic regression and multiple logistic regression were used. Result: The prevalence of EDS was 17.1% Multiple logistic regression showed that the associated factors of EDS were depression, obesity, dissatisfaction with sleep time, irregular sleep, and habitual snoring. Depression was the most significant associated factor(adjusted odds ratio for severe depression=2.27, 95% Confidence Interval=1.73-2.96). Conclusion: EDS is a common symptom in adults. Our finding suggested that persons with a complaint of EDS should be completely assessed for depression and obesity as well as sleep problems.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.537-541
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the effects of methionine(Met) on the activities of heart lipid peroxidation related enzymes in ethanol administrated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diets containing one of the three levels of Met(0%, 0.3%, 0.9% of kg diet) and ethanol(2.5g/kg of body weight) was administrated as 25v/v% ethanol to ethanol treated groups orally. The rats were sacrificed after 5 and 10 weeks of feeding. Xanthine oxidase(XO) and catalase activities increased with ethanol administration and those activities were higher n Met excessive and deficiency group than those of Met normal group at 5 and 10 weeks dieting. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in heart decreased significantly in Met deficiency and Met excessive group as compared to that of control. Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity in heart significantly decreased in Met deficiency group as compared to that of Met excessive and normal group. Glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity of heart tissue significantly increased by ethanol administration. Glutathione(GSH) content in heart decreased with ethanol administration and shwoed no significant differences with Met levels. Ethanol administration increased the content of lipid peroxide(LPO).

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2002

Purpose: Weight lifting is a good training to control body weight, to correct body shape and to relieve stress. How-ever if the training is continued by inadequate training method and technique, the risks of the shoulder injuries are relatively high. Main Subject: The rotator cuff injury is the most common disorder to wright lifters and often results from the train- ing program of upright row, military press and pectoral deck. The chances of subacromial impingement in these postures are high because the shoulder rotates under the acromion at 90 abduction state. Shoulder instability in weight lifters can develop due to various causes. aepeated microtrauma and excessive abduction and external rotation may result in laxity of the anterior capsular structure, ligament and muscles. Behind the neck and bench press are high risk training postures. Other than those injuries, idiopathic osteolysis of distal clavicle, acromioclavicular separation, pectoralis major muscle rupture, and triceps muscle rupture nay develop. Conclusion: The best treatment option of the shoulder injury to weight lifters is to eliminate the possible risk elements for the weight lifters in training program and to provide proper and prompt treatment as soon as possible.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2019

In order to provide a safe free-weight-training environment to people without workout trainers, we suggest a smart bench press machine with an automatic weight control system sensitive to user tiredness. Physical weight plates on the machine are replaced with a hydraulic cylinder as a press load and the cylinder knob is coupled with a step motor to change its tensile force automatically in-between lifting exercises. Three subjects participated to verify the usability of the smart bench press machine. They were asked to lift a 6-RM press load 10 times with 3 different lifting conditions: 1) no assistance, 2) a human assistance, and 3) the automatic weight control. All subjects were not able to complete the 10 sets without assistance due to tiredness, but they finished the full sets under the two assistive conditions. Average lifting speeds under the automatic weight control condition showed the most consistent level. Normalized quasi-tension data based on surface electromyogram signals of both Pectoralis Majors revealed that the subjects maintained the target muscle activation level above 50% but not more than 80% throughout the 10 sets. Therefore, the smart bench press machine is expected to both keep pace with the lifting exercise and reduce risk of injuries due to excessive muscle tensions.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the weight control attempts and related factors among 220 female college students in Seoul. Factors examined included body image, body satisfaction, interest in weight control, beliefs related to weight control, social norms, social expectations regarding subjects' body size and weight change. Data were analyzed using t-test and chi-square test(at $\alpha$=0.05). The average height and weight of subjects were 160.7cm, 52.2kg respectively. BMI and body fat(%) were 20.2 and 25.2%, respectively. One hundred seventy two students(78.2%) had attempted to control their weight, mainly to lose weight, and were categorized as the weight control attempt group. Subjects used diet modification as well as unhealthy method to control weight. 48.2% in the attempt group were underweight or normal weight(by BMI), suggesting that their weight control attempts were was unnecessary. Students in the attempt group described their own size as heavier than those in the no-attempt group(p<0.01) or other girls of their age(p<0.05) ; more dissatisfied with their body size(p<0.01), and showed more interest in weight control(p<0.01). Several differences in beliefs were also noted(p<0.001). The attempt group believed less strongly in the harmful effects or difficulties in weight control and believed more strongly in the advantages of weight control. With respect to social factors, the attempt group perceived that their family and friends wanted them to be smaller than they were(p<0.001), perceived that significant others felt that they should lose weight(p<0.05). These results suggest that educational programs for college female students should start focusing on the harmful effects of excessive dieting and information about desirable weight control methods. Students should be helped to have a correct body image. In addition, educational programs should incorporate strategies to change beliefs regarding weight control, as well as modifying social expectations from significant others.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to conduct biomechanical analysis of varying backpack loads on the lower limb movements during downhill walking over $-20^{\circ}$ ramp. Method : Thirteen male university students (age: $23.5{\pm}2.1yrs$, height: $175.7{\pm}4.6cm$, weight: $651.9{\pm}55.5N$) who have no musculoskeletal disorder were recruited as the subjects. Each subject walked over $20^{\circ}$ ramp with four different backpack weights (0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of body weight) in random order at a speed of $1.0{\pm}0.1m/s$. Five digital camcorders and two force plates were used to obtain 3-d data and kinetics of the lower extremity. For each trial being analyzed, five critical instants were identified from the video recordings. Ground reaction force, loading rate, decay rate, and resultant joint moment of the ankle and the knee were determined by the inverse dynamics analysis. For each dependent variable, one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine whether there were significant differences among four different backpack weight conditions (p<.05). When a significant difference was found, post hoc analyses were performed using the contrast procedure. Results : The results of this study showed that the medio-lateral GRFs at RHC in 20% and 30% body weight were significantly greater than the corresponding value in 0% of body weight. A consistent increase in the vertical GRFs as backpack loads increased was observed. The valgus joint movement of the knee at RTO in 30% body weight was significantly greater than the corresponding values in 0% and 10% body weight. The increased valgus moment of 30% body weight observed in this phase was associated with decelerating and stabilizing effects on the knee joint. The results also showed that the extension and valgus joint moments of the knee were systematically affected by the backpack load during downhill walking. Conclusion : Since downhill walking while carrying heavy external loads in a backpack may lead to excessive knee joint moment, damage can occur to the joint structures such as joint capsule and ligaments. Therefore, excessive repetitions of downhill walking should be avoided if the lower extremity is subjected to abnormally high levels of load over an extended period of time.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.273-280
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• 2000

Building structures which are in need of large open space make the damping effect of the structures decrease greatly. Assembly and office buildings with a lower natural frequency have a higher possibility of experiencing excessive vibration induced by human activities. These excessive vibration make the residents uncomfortable and the serviceability deterioration. The loads induced by human activities were classified into two types. First type is in place loads as like jumping, foot stamping and body bouncing. The other type is moving loads as like walking, running and dancing. A series of laboratories experiments had been conducted to study the dynamic loads induced by human activities, The earlier works were mainly concerned to parameters study of dynamic loads as like activity type, weight, sex, surface condition of structure and etc. In this paper, we have measured directly the walking loads by using the platform. And we have evaluated and analyzed load-time history of walking loads. One of the most important parameter is pacing rate (walking speed) in the walking loads. The difference between the maximum value and minimum value of walking loads depends on the walking speed.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2012

A net-assembling company for gill net fishing gears makes a design based on the size of nets provided and determines floats, types of weights, and numbers. In addition, through the accurate examination of net weights in the process of fishing gear designing, it can prevent an excessive use of designing costs. The weight of twine can be easily calculated by its thickness differences, but the weight of netting has errors to be calibrated since the weight of netting is not changing exponentially with the changes of number and size of meshes. This study aims to suggest and empirically analyze the methods for estimating the weights of netting in accordance with the changes of number, size and thickness of meshes for a sound management of netting and net-assembling companies. Results indicated that the method using the knots and legs of netting was not practically usable because the errors were increased as the number of mesh increased. However, the method using netting area shown its usage potentiality with the calibration of the increasing ratio of mesh numbers.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.437-470
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• 1994

These studies were performed to establish more effective surgical method for correcting congenital atresia coli in calves. Distal colon fistulation, proximal colon fistulation and colon anastomosis which could be applied for surgical repair of intestinal obstruction were carried out in goatlings experimentally and in calves with atresia coli clinically. After treatment of the animals clinical signs, blood component values, body weight gain, survival and necropsy findings were observed. In goatlings, clinical signs after colon fistulation were diarrhea, anorexia and vitality loss, and those of proximal colon fistulation group were severer than those of distal colon fistulation group. Surviviability after operation was 9~16 weeks in distal colon fistulation group, 2~8 weeks in proximal colon fistulation group, and 2-3 days in colocolic anastomosis group, respectively. There were no alterations in blood component values among experimental groups. Weight gain rates were 54.6% in distal colon fistulation group and 42.9% in proximal colon fistulation group compared with those of control. Necropsy findings observed in experimental groups were distension of intestine and excessive fluid in abomasum and intestine. Two calves with atresia coli died 1 day and 6 days after operation but one with colon fistulation survived more than two months. Preoperative clinical signs in calves with atresia coli were abdominal distension, progressive anorexia, no defecation and postoperative clinical signs wert diarrhea and periodic abdominal distension. After operation there were no alterations in blood component values between the calf with atresia coli and control calf. Weight gain rate of calf with atresia coli was similar to that of control but revealed the tendency to decrease from the 2nd month after operation. Necropsy findings observed in two calves with atresia coli were intestinal distension. intraluminal excessive fluid, blind atretic sac and absence of intrarectal content. It was concluded that proximal or distal colon fistulation could be available for surgical correction of congenital atresla coli and prognosis of distal colon fistulation was better than of proximal colon fistulation, but that extensive colocolic anastomosis could not be compatible with life in ruminants.