• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.21 no.2 s.24
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• pp.329-339
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• 1988

The study is carried out to investigate the effect of drinking and smoking for the activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST, or GOT) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT or GPT), from December 25, 1986 to April 30, 1987. The male physical examinees for employment, 900 who had visited to the Taegu Medical Center were subjected. And the positive cases of HBs-Ag, Anti-HBs and skin test for Clonorchis sinensis were excluded. The general characters of drinking and smoking pattern were introduced by interview with questionnaire provided for. In drinking cases, the longer duration was significantly effected the higher rate of abnormality in AST and ALT level. But the amount and the frequency were not. It was not appeared effects by mackgulri which is a Korean traditional wine and small amount of beers. In smoking cases, also same pattern. The age was related in all cases. By the way, when the effect is related the positive results with other factors: HBs-Ag, Anti-HBs, skin test for Clonorchiasis and harmful occupational history, it is higher abnormal rate of AST and ALT in the duplicated cases with two factors or more. Particularly in HBs-Ag positive cases, those who had smoking was the highest in rate of abnormality, and drinking was the follows. In correlation matrix among seven factors; HBs-Ag, age, drinking amount, drinking period, drinking frequency, smoking amount and smoking period, correlation coefficient was significant between the abnormal rate and to with age, drinking period, smoking period, and smoking amount.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2003

Objectives: To examine the association between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT) activity level and blood pressure, serum lipids in the male residents of rural area, we analyzed cross-sectionally the data of 379 male health examinees aged 40 years and older from rural areas in Gyeongsangnam-do prefecture in Korea. Methods: Blood pressure and concentration of serum lipids were compared between high and low level of serum GGT activity by t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Possible confounding effects of age, body mass index and coffee drinking were adjusted by analysis of covariance. Results: Adjusted values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in the group of high level of serum GGT activity in non-drinkers(P=0.055 and P=0.074 respectively) and drinkers(P=0.284 and P=0.398) of alcohol. Adjusted serum total cholesterol level was also higher in the group of high level of serum GGT activity in non-drinkers(P=0.052) but not in drinkers(P=0.981) of alcohol. In serum triglyceride, adjusted level was significantly higher in the group of high level of serum GGT activity in both non-drinkers(P=0.035) and drinkers(P=0.002) of alcohol. Conclusions: These results suggest the association of serum GGT activity and serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, or blood pressure in non-drinkres of alcohol.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.627-634
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the obesity status on serum uric acid in health check-up examinees. The study subjects were 1,118 adults, 20 years and over (636 males, 482 females), the health package check-up at the general hospital in Gwang-Ju from January to December, 2011. This study assessed the serum uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels, as well as the anthropometric variables (SBP, DBP, and BMI). In a model I, after adjusting for the variables, such as age, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, HDL-C, and FBG, the mean uric acid level ($M{\pm}SE$) increased with increasing obesity status in males (p<0.001) or females (p=0.036). In model II, after adjusting for BUN and creatinine, the mean uric acid ($M{\pm}SE$) in males increased with increasing obesity status (Normal weight [BMI <$23.0kg/m^2$], $4.89{\pm}0.07mg/dl$; overweight [BMI $23.0-24.9kg/m^2$], $5.01{\pm}0.09mg/dl$; obesity [BMI ${\geq}25.0kg/m^2$], $5.35{\pm}0.08mg/dl$) (p<0.001). In the females, however, the mean uric acid ($M{\pm}SE$) did not increase with increasing obesity status (Normal weight, $5.03{\pm}0.08mg/dl$; overweight, $5.19{\pm}0.11mg/dl$; obesity, $5.27{\pm}0.09mg/dl$) (p=0.191). In conclusion, these results suggest that an increase in obesity status is associated with an increase in the serum uric acid levels in males, but not in females.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.167-175
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• 2019

Recently, health examination centers have been changing from auxiliary medical facilities to key and independent medical facilities. However, it is not easy to improve medical facilities, including health examination centers, due to the variable characteristics of the relationship between humans and space. Therefore, this study was done to develop a pedestrian-based discrete event simulation analysis program to examine the problems and develop methods for improvement. The program was developed to analyze five evaluation indices and the density of examinees. The problems were derived by analyzing the required time, capacity, and queue size for each examination through simulations. We reduced the examination time and moving distance, increased the capacity, and distributed the queues by adjusting the medical services and relocating the examination rooms. The results were then quantitatively verified by simulations.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.91-94
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• 2007

This research was investigated to find out the examinees' refractive problems within heterophoria using Torrington method. The number of subjects ware approximately 327 and subjects were sourced from the 12th grade student at high school in Kwang-Ju city. Result obtained shows 21.4% of emmetropia and 78.6% of ametropia. Most of refractive errors were myopia and due to it's condition, frequency of ametropia and emmetropia at the similar rate. However, one that consist of refractive problems, it's myopia contains 74.9% of heterophoria. Due to emmetropia, horizontal heterophoria have 45.7% of exophoria and 4.3% of esophoria. Myopia shows 11.4% of esophoria and 63.5% of exophoria. Hozizonda heterophoria shows 5.7% of emmetropia and myopia of 22.4%, than average of esophoria shows $4.3P{\Delta}$ and case of myopia, it was $3.4P{\Delta}$. Case of Exphoria, emmetropia have $8.8P{\Delta}$ and within myopia $8.0P{\Delta}$. Vertical heterophoria owns $2.2P{\Delta}$ within emmetropia and case of myopia $4.3P{\Delta}$ was shown. Which shows myopia result value higher than emmetropia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.495-502
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• 2020

Kidney stones are a common disease with an annual prevalence of about 30,000 people in Korea, and are deeply related to an increase in chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and abdominal obesity. Therefore, in this study, 135 examinees who visited a general hospital in Dalseong-gun from May 2019 to June 2020 for a medical examination were examined. The relationship between kidney stones and factors related to obesity and metabolic syndrome were found in abdominal ultrasound. I tried to find out the relevance. As a result of the study, the risk of kidney stones in the abnormal group was increased by 4.255 times compared to the normal group in total cholesterol factor, and the risk of kidney stones in the abnormal group was increased by 2.072 times compared to the normal group in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol factor. Total cholesterol factor and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol It was found that the factor affects the prevalence of kidney stones and metabolic syndrome. Since the risk of kidney stones is related to total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol factors, active attention should be paid to preventive purposes through health check-ups.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.160-164
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• 2009

Objectives : The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between past smoking and the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Methods : From January 2007 to December 2007, a total of 3,916 over thirty years old male health screen examinees were divided into the nonsmoking, smoking, ex-smoking groups. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on the criteria of the NCEP ATP III(Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program). Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of three or more of the following: a blood pressure $\geq$ 130/85 mmHg, a fasting glucose level $\geq$ 110 mg/dL, a HDL-C (High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) level < 40 mg/dL, a triglyceride level $\geq$ 150 mg/dL and, a waist circumference men $\geq$ 102 cm, but a waist to hip ratio > 0.90 was used as a surrogate for the waist circumference. Results : After adjustment for age, alcohol consumption and, exercise in the smokers, for the ex-smokers compared with the nonsmokers, the odds ratio (OR) of a lower HDL cholesterol level (<40 mg/dL) was 1.29 (95% CI=1.03-1.61) in the smokers, the ORs of a higher triglyceride level were 1.35 (95% CI=1.09-1.66) in the ex-smokers and, 2.12 (95% CI=1.75-2.57) in the smokers, and the OR of a waist to hip ratio was 1.25 (95% CI=1.03-1.52) in the ex-smokers. When there were over three components of metabolic syndrome in the ex-smokers and smokers as compared with the nonsmokers, the odds ratio against the risk of metabolic syndrome were 2.39 (95% CI=1.00-6.63) and 2.37 (95% CI=1.02-6.46), respectively. Conclusions : The present study suggested that there is an association of smoking with metabolic syndrome in men.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.407-412
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• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of nonalcoholic fatty liver and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: This study was conducted to investigate the association of nonalcoholic fatty liver and cardiovascular risk factors for adult men (n=2976) and women (n=2442) who were over 19 years old, after excluding the HBsAg(+) or anti-HCV(+) patients and the men and women with increased alcohol intake (men: 40g/week, women: 20g/week). Results: Compared with the normal liver subjects, the nonalcoholic fatty liver subjects showed a significantly increased frequency of abnormal systolic blood pressure (${geq}120mmHg$), fasting blood sugar (${\geq}100mg/dL$), total cholesterol ($({\geq}200 mg/dL$), triglyceride ($({\geq}150mg/dL$), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (<40 mg/dL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol ($({\geq}130g\; m/dL$) and abdominal obesity in men, and all these measures were significantly increased in the women except for abnormal HDL cholesterol. After adjusting for the body mass index, age, smoking, exercise and a nonalcoholic liver, the odds ratios of an abnormal waist hip ratio were 1.35(95% Confidence Interval=1.05-4.72) in the mild fatty liver, 1.61 (1.19-2.18) in the moderate fatty liver, 2.77(1.57-4.92) in the severe fatty liver compared with a normal liver. The adjusted odds ratios for abnormal fasting blood sugar were 1.26(1.03-1.53) in the mild fatty liver, 1.62(1.27-2.06) in the moderate fatty Iiver and 1.77(1.12-2.78) in the severe fatty liver. The adjusted odds ratios for abnormal triglyceride were 1.38(1.11-1.72) in the mild fatty liver, 1.73(0.33-2.24) in the moderate fatty liver and 1.91 (1.17-3.10) in the severe fatty liver of men. Adjusted odds ratios for abnormal triglyceride were 1.50(1.04-2.15) in mild, 1.71(1.07-2.68) in moderate, 1.81(0.69-4.38) in severe fatty liver of women. Conclusions: The nonalcoholic fatty liver subjects had more cardiovascular risk factors compared with the normal liver subjects. Thus, prevention and treatment of the nonalcoholic fatty liver is necessary by lifestyle modifications such as restriction of alcohol intake, no smoking, exercise and adequate eating habits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.233-243
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors of perception by inpatients of the Dental Hospital institutions about exposure to radioactivity at the time of radioactive examination, providing basic information for making educational materials aimed to change their perception. Most of those patients, 65.5.0% responded that CT was a type of radioactive examination bringing highest exposure to radiosensitivity. Most of the subjects, 56.1% said that a body part most vulnerable to exposure to radiosensitivity was the genital gland at the time of radiosensitivity examination. And most of the participants, or 26.3% responded that they obtained information about radiation from TVs or newspapers. Among the surveyed patients, men were higher in scores for factors of the perception of radiation such as recognition of radiation, harmfulness of radiation, psychological state at the time of radioactive examination, prevention of exposure to radioactivity and necessity of radiation that women were, with statistically significant differences between the two groups. These findings suggest that it is urgently needed to develop an education program which helps patients better perceive exposure to radioactivity and that radiologists should be very careful to reduce the does of that exposure. If patients better perceive radiation, they would be less anxious and less exposed to radioactivity when receiving the radioactive examination.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.17
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• pp.255-276
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• 2008

The important items, which should be considered in Private Investigation Law, can include subjects, licenses, the scope of business, qualifying examinations, and supervisory and penal provisions. The subjects of Private Investigation Law should be permitted to be both natural persons and juridical persons in terms of providing various services, but should be permitted to be juridical persons and should be administered on a license system, even in order to ensure public interests. Concretely, the introduction scope of Private Investigation Law can be regulated to include the followings: that is, investigating the whereabouts identification of runaways and missing children, investigating the personal identification, habit, way of action, motivation, whereabouts identification, real child confirmation, association, transaction, reputation, and personality of specific persons or specific groups, investigating the whereabouts identification of missing persons, owners of government-vested properties or renounced properties, investigating the whereabouts of lost properties or stolen properties, investigating the causes of fire, character defamation, slander, damage, accident, physical disability, infringement on real estate or movable property, and investigating all sorts of accidents including traffic accidents, insurance accidents, and medical malpractices. In the qualifying examination, examinees' age should be restricted to be over age 25. The person, who is exempted from its primary examination, should be restricted to be the person, who has the career of over 20 years in related fields, in consideration of its equity with other certificates of qualification. In the supervisory institution, as the policy institution is the supervisory institution in many countries including France (the police) and Japan (public security committee), so the National Policy Agency should be the supervisory institution in consideration of management aspects. In the penal regulations, especially, we should clarify the management of personal information (personal information protection, personal information management), and so should prevent the infringement of people's basic rights, and then should ensure the public interest.