• 동굴
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• 제4호
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• pp.41-50
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• 1996

The coastal plains of the Puna and Ka' u Districts of the island of Hawaii are a contradiction to the popular view that the island of Hawaii is a tropical rain forest or a vegetated landscape with abundant water sour This section of the island lies in the rain shadow of Mauna Loa a Kilauea Volcanoes and receives less than 30 inches of annual precipita When rain does come. it is in the form of sudden down pours. givi residents of the area little time to collect and conserve water. Due to porous nature of the rock. there is no standing surface water. In spite of these harsh climatic conditions. archeological evidence indic that an extensive agriculture complex existed not only along the coast. into the most remote parts of what is called the Ka'u Desert. Pass through these agricultural areas are historic and pre - historic t systems. These trail systems apparently played a significant suppor role for exchange between the ahupua's (classic land divisions of Haw and the geopolitical districts. The question arises as to how could vast agricultural complexes a heavy foot travel over miles of arid land exist without dependable wa sources\ulcorner While planting - pits and mounds were designed to make most efficient use of available water and conserve moisture(Carter 19 9). people involved in planting also needed potable water for surv Most publications and research papers dealing with the early population this area make only oblique reference to springs and wells which t populations depended upon. The Federal Cave Resource Protection Act(1988) has served as imprtus for the National Park Service to look closer at the lava tu caves and fault cracks within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. P visitors to these underground areas found large volumes of standing wa in fault cracks. and abundant drip areas with the lava tubes. Re observes noted that in most cases. where the cracks and caves we located in the arid sections of the park. there has been extens modifiacation or utilization of these water sources by the early Hawaii and others. The variety of western containers used for collection indica that these water sources were used during historic times. William E described similar water sources in his narrative of his trip around island in 1823(Eills 1979), This report is directed at documenting recent observations and a stimulating further research into early Hawaiian water collection syst It also explores the implications that power and political influence of e chiefs in the arid portions of Hawaii could have been linked to the con of the water resources.

• 보건의료생명과학 논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2022

사람들이 휴대하고 다니는 휴대폰에서 WiFi를 이용하여 MAC Address를 수집할 수 있음은 널리 알려진 사실이다. 하지만 개인의 동의없이 MAC Address를 수집하여 이용하는 것에 많은 법적인 문제가 수반되기 때문에 이를 적극 활용하기에는 많은 어려움이 있었다. 최근에 이러한 MAC Address가 의도치 않게 노출되어 사생활 정보가 침해되는 것을 방지하기 위하여 실제 기기의 MAC Address가 아니라 Random으로 생성된 가상의 MAC Address를 노출시켜 사생활 정보를 보호하는 방식이 모든 모바일 기기에 적용되고 있다. 기기에서 무작위하게 생성된 가상의 MAC 어드레스를 노출시킴으로써 MAC Address를 이용하여 개인을 특정하고 추적하는 것은 불가능하게 되었다. 하지만 MAC Address 수집을 통하여 여러 가지 사실을 추정할 수 있다는 사실은 여전히 유효하다. Random MAC Address가 확대 적용됨으로써 오히려 과거에 제기되어 오던 MAC Address를 이용한 사생활 정보 침해의 소지가 완전히 제거되어 과거보다 더욱 적극적으로 이를 활용할 수 있게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 MAC Address를 이용하여 의료진, 건물 관리인원, 환자, 환자의 가족 등의 병원시설의 이용자의 통계정보를 자동으로 수집하여 분석하는 방법을 제안한다. MAC Address를 이용한 병원시설 이용자의 수집은 비용이 저럼하고 상대적으로 매우 정확한 방법으로써 꾸준한 수집은 병원 운영에 매우 객관적이고 과학적인 근거자료를 제공할 수 있다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2024

목적: 이 연구는 2000년부터 2023년까지 한국학교·지역보건교육학회지에 게재된 영유아 및 아동 관련 연구에 대하여 동향을 분석하고 향후 학술지 발전 및 증진에 기여하고자 한다. 방법: 2000년부터 2023년까지 게재된 논문의 연구주제, 연구유형, 자료수집방법 및 자료분석방법을 비교·분류하고 총 52편을 분석하였다. 결과: 52편의 문헌을 분석한 결과, 전반적으로 2008년부터 2012년도에 가장 많이 출판되는 추세를 보였고 학령기 아동 대상 문헌이 가장 많았다. 연구주제 분류에 따르면 '건강행동과 보건교육'이 14편(26.9%), 구강건강 9편(17.3%), 안전관리 7편(13.5%), 성의식(11.5%) 순이었다. 연구유형은 양적 연구가 가장 많았고 자료수집 방법은 설문조사가 주로 이루어졌으며 자료분석방법은 기술통계 및 t-test 분석 방법 빈도가 높았다. 결론: 한국학교·지역보건교육학회지의 질적 수준의 향상을 위하여 영유아기 및 학령기 아동 대상을 중심으로 근거기반 중심의 연구 확대가 이루어져야 하고, 연구설계, 자료수집 및 분석방법의 다양화가 요구된다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2023

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to play a major role in medical diagnostics. Periodontal disease is one of the most common oral diseases. The early diagnosis of periodontal disease is essential for effective treatment and a favorable prognosis. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of AI in diagnosing periodontal bone loss through radiographic analysis. Materials and Methods: A literature search involving 5 databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Health and Medical Collection, Dentistry and Oral Sciences) was carried out. A specific combination of keywords was used to obtain the articles. The PRISMA guidelines were used to filter eligible articles. The study design, sample size, type of AI software, and the results of each eligible study were analyzed. The CASP diagnostic study checklist was used to evaluate the evidence strength score. Results: Seven articles were eligible for review according to the PRISMA guidelines. Out of the 7 eligible studies, 4 had strong CASP evidence strength scores (7-8/9). The remaining studies had intermediate CASP evidence strength scores (3.5-6.5/9). The highest area under the curve among the reported studies was 94%, the highest F1 score was 91%, and the highest specificity and sensitivity were 98.1% and 94%, respectively. Conclusion: AI-based detection of periodontal bone loss using radiographs is an efficient method. However, more clinical studies need to be conducted before this method is introduced into routine dental practice.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.446-454
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• 2013

Purpose: South Korea is rapidly changing into a multicultural society; the nursing discipline faces the need to educate its students in cultural competence to meet the health care needs of an ethnically diverse population. However, there is little evidence suggesting that nursing programs provide this education. The purpose of this study was to measure nursing students' cultural awareness in a nursing education program. Methods: Four hundred thirty-three nursing students at 4 universities in Daejeon participated in this cross-sectional descriptive study, which was held from August to September 2012. Data collection was conducted via questionnaires based on the Cultural Awareness Scale(CAS), and demographics included general and cultural characteristics. Results: The mean cultural awareness score was 4.54, which was relatively low compared to studies completed in other countries. The highest rating was in the cognitive awareness subscale, and the lowest was in the general education experiences subscale in CAS. The level of cultural awareness was significantly different in those who had experienced overseas travel. Those students also perceived a greater need for cultural education. Conclusion: The study's finding suggest the need for a transcultural nursing education program designed to enhance the level of cultural awareness in Korea's nursing students.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2013

Purpose: Many researches have clearly begun to address the relationship between people and their physical environments. These represent that children experience traditional hospital environments as unpleasant and scary. More specifically, children in hospitals face many psychological and emotional challenges: isolation, painful procedures, separation from family members, all in unfamiliar settings. For this reason, some have argued that the children's experiences within hospital environments can lead to poorer health outcomes. This study has been started in order to provide basic informations for the planning of Healing rest space in pediatric ward. Methods: Literature reviewes and field surveys to rest space at pediatric ward in Korea and foreign country have been conducted for the data collection. Results: The result of this study can be summarized into eight environment factor for healing rest space in pediatric ward: family, noise, safe, choice opportunity, light, privacy, social support and distract from disease or death. Implications: In the rest space in pediatric ward, it is necessary to consider healing rest space for promoting healing from disease and normal developing of children.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.1099-1110
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• 2020

This research tests the effects of institutional pressures, the use of performance measurement systems and accountability, and moderation effects of human resource capability between institutional pressures and the use of performance measurement systems in the Local Government institutions in Indonesia. The research aims to provide empirical evidence both quantitatively and qualitatively that isomorphism institutional pressures occurred in the scope of implementation of the performance measurement system and accountability in the public sector organizations and to show the importance of human resource capability enhancement in reducing external pressure impact. In addition, it tries to develop the correlation model of institutional pressures, human resource capability, implementation of the performance measurement system, and accountability of public sector organizations. The research used mixed methods with sequential explanatory design. The data collection used surveys and interviews in 209 regency/Special Region of Yogyakarta and Central Java local governments as samples. The research result indicated that the institutionalization process of the performance measurement is influenced by institutional pressures, especially coercive and mimetic pressures. Human resource capability was unable to weaken institutional pressures effects in the performance measurement system implementation. The research also proved that the use of a performance measurement system was able to improve local government institution accountability.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.515-521
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• 2020

Work motivation is critical for ensuring sustainability of any business firm. Motivated personnel essentially helps an organization achieve its organizational goal and objective. Hence, it has become an essential duty for business managers and management committees to identify the motivating factors that would strongly affect their employees. The purpose of the current research is to identify which are the factors that motivate service employees most at their workplace in Bangladesh. The study has used survey questionnaires to collect data from service employees. Convenience sampling is used for data collection. A total of 240 questionnaires were distributed and 183 completed questionnaires were returned (response rate: 77%). The study used purposeful motivating factors, which are ranked (from 1 to 10) by the service employees according to the significance of the factors. Mean value is applied to determine the most crucial motivating factor, where the factor with lowest mean value is considered as the highest significant motivating factor. Results reveal that job certainty, career growth and advancement opportunity, and quality working environment have been the most crucial and influential motivating factors for the service employees. The study adequately underlines the necessity of motivational factors and provides some guidelines to keep employees motivated.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.532-540
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare similarities and differences in research trends for community health nursing between Korea and Japan. Methods: Comparison was made in terms of research design, data collection and sampling method, and key concepts from community health nursing research by literature review. We analyzed original articles from representative Journals covering community health nursing research from 2004 to 2008. Results: We found that research design was quite different between the two countries. Quantitative research design was dominant in Korea, while qualitative and qualitative research designs were used equally in Japan. In particular, outcome research was found only in Korean papers. Conclusion: Based on the comparison, the following recommendations are suggested related to the strengths and weaknesses of research concepts and methods observed in each country. It is suggested that future collaboration should be undertaken especially to improve the diversity of research design and method. More diverse research designs should be used in both countries. Particularly in today‘s aged society, evidence-based research and outcome research are needed for community health nursing in both countries.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.190-197
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing neonatal pain management by nurses in order to provide evidence-based data for the development of more efficient neonatal pain care programs. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design to survey 204 registered nurses working in neonatal intensive care units and nurseries in Busan. Data collection was done from July to September 2010. General knowledge of pain and pain scale, pain intervention, neonatal pain management, and barriers to pain management were measured. Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression with SPSS 17.0. Results: it was found that among the factors affecting neonatal pain management by nurses, the unit where the nurse worked was the most important influential factor, followed by knowledge of pain management, education level, and barriers from medical personnel in that order. The explanatory power of these four variables accounted for 42.0% of neonatal pain management. Conclusion: Study results indicate that it is necessary to develop education programs to increase knowledge of neonatal pain management for nurses caring for neonates. Also, plans for reduction of obstacle factors in medical personnel should be prepared.