• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.43
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• pp.79-113
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• 2016

This study aims to diachronically explore the women's movements in modern Japan by focusing on three key words, 'maternity,' 'suffrage,' and 'war,' in uncovering how these concepts relate to Japan as a state. In particular, this study sheds light on the policies toward women not from the perspective of the state, but rather from women's perspective and evaluates their expectations toward the 'state' thorough the activities of Fusae Ichikawa and $Raich{\bar{o}}$ Hiratsuka. Hiratsuka, who was devoted to establishing the 'state protection of maternity,' ended up casting away such expectations toward the state after the failure of the petition movement developed by the New Women's Association. On the other hand, Ichikawa, encouraged by the success of women's suffrage movement in the U.S., remained active in the petition movement in the hope of attaining female suffrage. Because of this, Ichikawa was more vulnerable to the requests by the national authorities for the cooperation in war efforts-event though most of her activities were contained within the redressing of everyday life issues. The expectations toward the 'state' was a principal driving force of women's movements in modern Japan, yet at the same time it was also the reason why-as purging of Ichikawa symbolizes-they came to be stigmatized with the promotion of invasive war.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.318-323
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• 2019

In this study, we examined the differences in age among the various functions required for everyday life through smartphone using environment. The subjects were composed of 30 young adults and 30 elderly people. We set up 12 tasks to evaluate the performance of smartphone functions. At the same time, a questionnaire about smartphone usage habits was made. The questionnaire consists of items related to user history and usage habits. ANOVA analysis was performed using Minitab version 14, and statistically significant differences were found in 10 tasks. The result of the actual values for each task showed that the elderly generally took more time to perform all the tasks than the younger ones. Especially, the tendency of the task which requires a lot of keystrokes was revealed. Especially, in the case of a task requiring a lot of keystrokes, the tendency was remarkable. Young adults have found that they use all functions uniformly overall, and the functions used by the elderly were biased toward some functions, such as dialing, text, kakao talk, and searching. These results suggest that young people use smartphones more frequently than elderly people, and as they become accustomed to using smartphones, the time required to perform functions may be shortened. We suggest that it is necessary to design in terms of hardware or software so that the elderly people can input easily and conveniently.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.61-68
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a method of character detection by analyzing image enhancement and character type to detect characters in natural images that can be acquired in everyday life. The proposed method emphasizes the boundaries of the object part using the unsharp mask in order to improve the detection rate of the area to be recognized as a character in a natural image. By using the boundary of the enhanced object, the character candidate region of the image is detected using Maximal Stable Extermal Regions (MSER). In order to detect the region to be judged as a real character in the detected character candidate region, the shape of each region is analyzed and the non-character region other than the region having the character characteristic is removed to increase the detection rate of the actual character region. In order to compare the objective test of this paper, we compare the detection rate and the accuracy of the character region with the existing methods. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves the detection rate and accuracy of the character region over the existing character detection method.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.509-519
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• 2019

The size of the global game market, including Korea, is gradually expanding, there are about 80,000 people in the game industry in Korea, and it has maintained a steady increase. As the domestic game has become more influential, games have become a means of helping people to communicate with each other in everyday life. Despite these changes, There is a lack of positive perspectives such as game use and interpersonal interactivity or communication enhancement. Therefore, this study analyzed the correlation of psychological and environmental factors of adolescents, game leadership, and social capital in order to understand the positive effects of games. As a result of research, psychological factors such as social motivation, game efficacy, and game norms have a statistically significant effect on game leadership. Parental supervision has a negative effect on game leadership and a statistically influenced positive effect on social capital. Overprotective parenting has a negative effect on both game leadership and social capital. Finally, game leadership has a statistically influenced positive effect on social capital. This paper is meaningful in that the research on the positive aspect of the game was conducted for the adolescent.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-55
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• 2019

Smart phone based navigation applications are very useful in everyday life. Cost-effective and user friendly navigation can be provided to the user by many applications available in market. Using the Smart phone these navigation applications provide accurate navigation for outdoor locations. But providing an accurate navigation underground space such as subway station is still a challenge. It is hence more convenient and appropriate for mobility services if the visitors could simply view the guidance of the subway station on their mobile phone, wherever and whenever it is needed. This study develops a algorithm for indoor navigation with the help of Augmented Reality(AR) and QR marker code from the entrance to the train platform for users. This indoor navigation uses AR and QR maker codes for two purposes: to provide the user link to the subway station location and to provide the current guidance details to the user. This Smart phone algorithm that uses a smart phone optical tool to decode the QR marker to determine the location information and provide guidance to the AR without indoor Maps. This algorithm also provides a module to guide mobility vulnerable to the Barrier Free route to destination.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2019

In this study, the characteristics of the reading materials in the chemistry domain of elementary school science and middle school science textbooks and chemistry I and II textbooks developed under the 2009 Revised National Science Curriculum were investigated. The criteria for classifying the reading materials were the types of theme, purpose, types of presentation, and students' activity. The inscriptions in the reading materials were also analyzed from the viewpoint of type, role, caption and index, and proximity type. The results indicated that more reading materials were included in the elementary science textbooks compared to middle school science, chemistry I, and/or chemistry II textbooks. The percentage of application in everyday life theme was high in the reading materials of elementary science textbooks, whereas the percentage of scientific knowledge theme was high in those of middle school science, chemistry I, and/or chemistry II textbooks. It was also found that the percentage of expanding concepts purpose was high in the reading materials of elementary science textbooks, whereas the percentage of supplementing concepts purpose was high in those of middle school science, chemistry I, and/or chemistry II textbooks. Several limitations in the use of inscriptions were found to exist; most inscriptions were photograph and/or illustration; most inscriptions were supplementing or elaborating texts; many inscriptions were presented without a caption or an index; there was a problem in the proximity of inscriptions to text.

• Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
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• no.48
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• pp.289-332
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• 2012

In this paper, based on the theory of performance studies and community-based theatre, I venture to explicate the socio-political significance of director Yim Jin-Taek's community-based performance called 'madanggut', which is heavily based on elements of indigenous culture. Yim's madanggut utilizes elements of indigenous cultures and searches for 'the Korean ethnic (arche)type' as 'the ideal Korean type' or 'genuine Korean-ness' for the reconstruction of 'the Korean ethnic community.' This paper interrogates the major task of Yim Jin-Taek's madanggut, which ideologically promulgates the idea of ethnocentric patriarchy supported by the traditional (mainly Confucianist) notion of 'community' - inquiring if this type of theatre can provide useful and practical prospects for imagining a more democratic and plural civilian society in Korea today, when the interaction of globalization, nationalism, regionalism, and localism simultaneously impact our everyday life and cultural identification. Regarding the recent global phenomenon of the resurgence of nationalism, I looked at madanggut's use of symbolic resources from the past for imaginative communal bonding as a nation. But, the claimed homogeneity of the national past by means of 'nation conflation' of different social groups is an illusionary conceptualization, and the national historiography silences memories of the marginalized groups and denies their histories. It is certain that in Korea nationalism has historically performed an important function during the colonization and democratization period. Nevertheless, as Yim's Nokdukkot realized, it cannot be overlooked that as a representative of 'the Korean ethnic community,' 'the protecting man/the sacrificial woman' is contradictory to the plural and lateral thinking of participatory democracy in community-building. It is time to think about a new political language that relates individuals to the community and nation. 'The ethnic type' cannot represent the whole nation and the members of the nation should be the examples of the community they belong to for a more democratic society. I have selected Yim's several community-based works mainly from the 1970s to the 1980s since the works provide grounding images, symbols, metaphors, and allegories pertinent to discussing how 'the Korean ethnic community' has been narrativized through the performances of madanggut during the turbulent epoch of globalization. I hope that this paper presents Yim's grounded aesthetics of community-based theatre with fully contoured critical views and ideas.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.491-503
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• 2019

In commemoration of the centennial anniversary of the March 1 movement in 2019, the research looked at the significance and influence of the March 1 movement on Korean history and highlighted what the church of the 4th Industrial Revolution era should play. The meaning of the March 1 movements to modern society has been identified as follows. First, the Church needs a clear sense of responsibility for society. Second, there is a need for attention to the next generation, the existing future. Third, practical education is needed for young people. Fourth, what is as important as a dreams is the value in it. Focusing on these facts, the study suggested what modern church roles should be like in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. First, the church should attempt a missional approach that emphasizes the sense of belonging. Second, education for the next generation, called the Z generation, is paramount. Third, the church of the new era should be the leader of the civil society movement. Fourth, efforts are needed to realize the identity of the church. So the Church of the Fourth Industrial Revolution era should be a more missional community that reveals the kingdom of God in everyday life.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.69-82
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• 2019

Do animals have a mind? Our understanding about whether animals have minds depends on our relationship with animals, as we cannot determine animals' actual minds. These two studies presented here thus examined the meat paradox, that is, an inconsistency between love for animals and the act of enjoying eating meat in the context of mind perception. Study 1 examined whether mind perceptions toward various animals are classified on the basis of experience-related capacities, such as feeling pain, and agency-related capacities, such as having self-control. In Study 2, mind perceptions toward cows and sexually objectified women were classified on the basis of food condition and non-food condition. In the food condition (experimental condition), cows were portrayed as products for meat consumption, whereas in the control condition, they were described as animals living on a farm, eating grass. The results of Study 2 demonstrated revealed that mind perception was positively associated with how morally incorrect it was to eat animals. Study 2 thus demonstrated that the scores of mind perception toward cows and sexually objectified women in the experimental condition were significantly lower than those in the control condition. These reduced mind attribution in the experimental condition implied that people may be motivated to reduce cognitive dissonance between their attitudes toward animals, such as loving them, and their behaviors, such as, eating meat. In addition, these results suggest that objectification toward animals may impact the objectification and mind perception toward human beings as well. These findings highlight the role of dissonance reduction in the meat paradox and objectification theory so as to understand basic psychological processes involved while making moral choices in everyday life.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.263-272
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• 2019

Air pollutants have a high impact on everyday life as well as on human health; therefore, new technologies such as low-emission vehicles and add-on systems for air pollutant reduction are needed for our society. However, the environmental benefits and costs of those technologies are not taken into account in existing economic feasibility assessments, which is a barrier that needs to be overcome for green technology to achieve wide dissemination and fast penetration in the market. Thus, this study develops a methodology to assess the economic feasibility of an air pollutant reduction technology by taking into account the social costs from air pollutants and carries out a case study to validate the methodology. Because the social unit costs for air pollutants have not been evaluated yet in South Korea, the methodology uses the social unit costs evaluated for the European Union that are then converted to those for South Korea based on the measuring criteria for vehicle emission gases, parity purchasing price, foreign currency exchange rate, and customer price index. The social unit costs for South Korea are used to assess economic feasibility. A case study was performed to assess the economic feasibility of a dual fuel system using diesel and compressed natural gas by taking into account social costs from air pollutants as well as economic costs. This study could contribute to assessing the true economic feasibility of green technology, projects, and policy related with air pollutant reduction.