• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2009

The process of berthing/deberthing operations for entering/leaving vessels in Busan northern harbor was analyzed and evaluated by using an integrated VTS(vessel traffic service) system installed in the ship training center of Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea. The integrated VTS system used in this study was consisted of ARPA radar, ECDIS(electronic chart display and information system), backup(recording) system, CCTV(closed-circuit television) camera system, gyro-compass, differential GPS receiver, anemometer, AIS(automatic identification system), VHF(very high frequency) communication system, etc. The network of these systems was designed to communicate with each other automatically and to exchange the critical information about the course, speed, position and intended routes of other traffic vessels in the navigational channel and Busan northern harbor. To evaluate quantitatively the overall dynamic situation such as maneuvering motions for target vessel and its tugboats while in transit to and from the berth structure inside a harbor, all traffic information in Busan northern harbor was automatically acquired, displayed, evaluated and recorded. The results obtained in this study suggest that the real-time tracking information of traffic vessels acquired by using an integrated VTS system can be used as a useful reference data in evaluating and analyzing exactly the dynamic situation such as the collision between ship and berth structure, in the process of berthing/deberthing operations for entering/leaving vessels in the confined waters and harbor.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was designed to make beneficial proposal for clinical application on some of the most common disorders treated by Oriental medicine by analyzing treatment process and prognosis. Methods : Number of peculiar attributes pertaining to a specific disorder were analyzed and based on those attributes, patterns associated with process and prognosis were interpreted in reference with classical literatures. Results : 1. Factors which can influence the progression and prognosis include time of onset, intensity of symptoms, course of passage, effects of risk factors, condition of the patient's righteous qi(正氣), accuracy of differential diagnosis made by the practitioner, accuracy of treatment methods, and other unexpected external influences. 2. Correlation between the condition of disorders and treatment progression is closely associated with proper treatment procedures and performances. The time of onset and intensity play critical roles in the treatment process and prognosis and showed pattern tendency with mutual interactions. 3. When there is complication of various disorders, it is ideal to give priority to more urgent illness and take care of moderate illness later. If there isn't any correlation between disorders, treat them in the order of acute to chronic disorders. The approach is reversed when disorders are related, treating in the order of most chronic to most acute. 4. In a case of complication of various disorders, depending on the disorder being acute or chronic, intensity, and accuracy of treatments, either a domino effect or gradual fade out of symptoms were witnessed. 5. The concept of "Five Evils Theory" according to Nan Jing(Difficult Classic) is essential in grasping disease progression due to interrelationships between zangfu organs. Conclusions : Predicting of disease process and prognosis for vast array of disorders treated by Oriental medicine is a very difficult task, yet evaluating the disorder's peculiar properties and influential factors resulted in few principles which can be effectively applied into clinical applications.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.330-335
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• 2006

Objective : The aim of the study was to review the clinical and radiological findings of those non-functioning adenomas[NFAs] with positive immnoreactivity for anterior pituitary hormones. Methods : Sixty patients with pituitary adenoma were treated at the author's institution between January 2000 and July 2005. All consecutive patients were underwent transsphenoidal surgery by same operator. In addition to the routine histopathological examination, surgical specimen was examined by immunohistochemical staining against adenohypophyseal cells. And clinical analysis was performed by retrospective review of medical records, neuroimaging examinations and immunohistochemical technique. We classified these pituitary adenomas into functioning adenomas [group F], immuno-positive NFAs [group S, so-called silent adenoma] and immuno-negative NFAs [group N], and compared clinical and radiological differences between group F, N, and S. Results : Of the 60 cases, group F was 25, group S was 25, and group N was 10. Among the group S, 5 cases showed reactivity against PRL, 1 against GH, 1 against both PRL and GH, 1 against TSH and GH, 2 against ACTH, 11 against FSH and 4 against both LH and FSH. Radiologically, invasiveness was noted in 8 in group S, compared to 3 in group N and 1 in group F [p = 0.02]. Intratumoral bleeding was noted in 7 of group S, 2 of group N and 2 of group F [p >0.05]. Conclusion : Silent adenomas were thought to behave more aggressive than other subgroups of pituitary adenomas. And so we suggest the immunohistochemical study against adenohypophyseal cells may be helpful for evaluating clinical course of pituitary adenoma, expecially for, NFAs.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 1993

This study aimed at evaluating the preventive effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix and Glycine Semen Extract (GGE) against NAC intoxication. NAC is widely used pesticide in many countries and derivative of carbamats and GGE is well-known antidote to some kinds of toxicants which was referenced from oriental medicine text. The results obtained were as follows: 1) After injecting NAC (100,140 mg/kg), determined Ch.E activities decrease 44.77~50.86% for all experimental groups at one hour after exposure, and were gradually recovered in the course of time. 2) In toxicity test of GGE, there were no sign of death or poisoning up to 5000 mg/kg of GGE for p.o. in mice. From this, we suggest that the LD$_{50}$ of GGE would be above 5000 mg/kg. 3) The Ch.E activity in control group was 471.43 $\pm$ 4.85 luff, group I was 215.27 $\pm$ 23.13 IU/l, group II and group III were 304.03 $\pm$ 9.03 IU/l, 433.81 $\pm$ 21.73 IU/l, respectively. Compare to the control group with experimental group I, remarkable difference revealed (p< 0.01), but the Ch.E activities of group II and III were similar to those of control group. This is indicate that GGE possess a potent activity of recovering Ch.E. GGE had a very remarkable preventive effect on NAC toxicity, and it was able to know that Ch.E activity dramatically increased according to GGE dosage increasing. 4) When GGE and NAC were administered by p.o. simultaneously, LD$_{50}$ and confidence intervals of each group were as follows: the control group: 270 mg/kg, 234.99~310.23 mg/kg, group I and II (GGE 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg by p.o.): 310 mg/kg, 271.69~353.71mg/kg, and 325 mg/kg, 285.09~370.50 mg/kg, respectively. In the comparison with the control group, the protective index was 1.1 and 1.2, respectively. From the above result, GGE has reactivation effect to decreasing Ch.E activity induced by exposure to NAC. Furthermore, GGE shows a preventive effect on NAC intoxication.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2013

Many child actors have appeared in various movies as the Korean film industry continues to evolve. As more children appear in violent and raunchy scenes, there are more concerns about the movie's effect on child actors. In some Western countries, many strategies have been developed for child actors, but for the Korean movie industry, the conditions are still poor for them. Although children who enter the concrete operational period are able to think logically and systematically, they are yet limited by their experiences. Adolescents in the formal operational period try to deal with all of the possibilities and assumptions logically and systematically with freedom from realistic contents and experiences. This period is very important because adolescents become more sensitive to others' feelings and they should develop their ego identity. Several studies have reported the indirect experiences through media including how the movie affected children and adolescents negatively. Depending on the individual's morality, judgment and emotional status, these effects were variable and inconsistent and could be relieved by several interventions. We could anticipate much bigger emotional effect on child actors who are acting directly and then are confronting themselves in the scene. Therefore, we suggest that the emotional effects of the movies on child actors can be managed properly by considering children's cognitive ability and emotional status, and establishing protective strategies before they are exposed to problematic scenes. Of course, it should be followed by evaluating them after the exposure and with follow-up management, if necessary.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.504-511
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• 2015

In this paper, the results of evaluating the passenger comfort due to the standard deviation of acceleration in vertical and lateral direction regarding the ship response in irregular wave by ordinary strip method in regular wave and energy spectrum using linear superposition theory in order to evaluate the motion of experimental ship are as follows. According to the results of ship response, it was possible to find that, in order to reduce the motion of ship, a ship operating in bow sea was more stable than in quartering sea. In the results of analyzing the standard deviation of acceleration in vertical direction according to each component wave pattern, when there was a wave length of 56m and an average wave period of 6 sec, most of cases showed the peak value. And among them, the standard deviation was 0.35 which was the highest in head sea. And in case of lateral direction, the maximum value was shown in a wave length of 100m and an average wave period of 8 sec. And it was 0.16 in beam sea and ${\chi}=150^{\circ}$. In the evaluation of passenger comfort due to standard acceleration in vertical and lateral direction, it was 80% in head and bow sea. On the other hand, it was shown to be 15% in follow sea. Accordingly, when the expected wave height in a sea area where a training ship was intended to operate was known, it was possible to predict the routing of ship. And altering her course could reduce the passenger comfort by approximately 50%.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.815-828
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to develop and evaluate the clinical utility of the breast and ovarian cancer genetic counselling program specific for 20 Korean women(KBOCGP). Methods: The KBOCGP was developed using three types of approaches: an ethnography among Korean women who underwent BRCA1/2 test, designing and implementing one week clinical genetic educational course for clinical cancer nurses, educational observation visits to three American cancer genetic counselling programs. And then pre-experimental design was implicated to evaluate the change of the women's knowledge about the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and the level of the satisfaction with genetic counselling. Results: The mean score of the knowledge has significantly increased from $7.45{\pm}3.86$ to $11.55{\pm}2.21$ (t = 5.63, p < .001). The level of the satisfaction with the counselling was very high ($27.47{\pm}1.35$). Because most of the subjects have young kids, they showed strong concerns about their kids' getting cancer. Conclusion: This new KBOCGP is the satisfactory program for the education and communication of the genetic information to the Korean women with HBOC. But it is needed more to strengthen the cultural sensitivity especially to Korean family relationships. Authors recommend that this program be provided by other nurses who are counselling women at high risk of breast cancer.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2020

The goal of this study is to present efficient measures to improve the quality of medical education through using a developed and applied continuous quality improvement (CQI) model suitable for medical education. To achieve this purpose, we developed a theoretical CQI model through a review of the literature according to the design-based research method. Through repetitive productive cyclical processes and professional reviews, we finally deduced an appropriate CQI model for medical education. The most important results of this study are as follows: First, the CQI model for medical education is defined as a quality management system with a cyclical course of planning, implementation, evaluation, and improvement of medical education. Second, the CQI model for medical education is composed of quality management activities of educational design, work, and evaluation. In addition, each activity has the implementation strategies of planning, doing, checking, and improving based on the PDCA model (Plan-Do-Check-Act model). Third, the CQI model for medical school education is composed of committees related to medical education doing improvement activities, as well as planning, implementing and evaluating it with CQI. As a result, we can improve teaching by using the CQI model for medical education. It is more meaningful because this gives us organized and practical measures of quality management and improvement in medical education as well as in the educational process.

• 한국실천공학교육학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2010

Usability heuristics는 사용자 인터페이스를 설계하는 과정에서 유용성 평가에 사용되는 일반적인 원칙이다. 유용성 평가 방법은 보통 Human Computer Interaction(HCI) 전문가들이 사용하는데, 이 연구의 최종적인 목적은 HCI 전문가들 뿐 만이 아니라 사용자 인터페이스를 제작하는 더 광범위한 많은 사람들(사용자 인터페이스 디자이너나 엔지니어들)에게 적용하는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유용성 평가에서 대표적으로 사용되는 Jakob Nielsen의 10가지 usability heuristics가 HCI 전문가가 아닌 디자인과 컴퓨터 공학 교수 및 학생들이 얼마나 이해하기 쉬운지를 설문하였다. 또한 응답한 설문을 바탕으로 어떤 heuristics들이 이해하기 쉬었으며, 이해하기 어려운 것들은 어떠한 이유로 이해하기가 어려웠는지, 또 교수들과 학생들과의 이해정도의 차이나 응답반응의 차이 등을 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 얻게 된 가장 큰 성과는 응답자들이 좀 더 사용자 입장에서 어플리케이션들을 바라볼 수 있게 되었다는 점이었으며, 본 연구의 결과들은 usability heuristics를 좀 더 많은 사람들이 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 만들어서 인터페이스를 설계하고 구현하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2005

Background and Objectives: Because of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck undergoes a generally poor hospital course, the prognostic significance of the squamous cell carcinomas in head and neck have been evaluated to identify those features associated with aggressive biologic behavior according to the immunologic and histopathologic characteristics. Materials and Method: To assess the significance of EGFR, c-erbB-2, p21 and p53 protein in head and neck tumors and their correlation with prognostic factors, samples from 74 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of larynx, pharynx, and oral cavity were studied immunohistochemically. Results: EGFR, c-erbB-2, p21, and p53 protein were expressed 94.6%, 24.3%, 85.1%, and 55.4% in 74 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. The positive expression of EGFR was associated significantly with clinical stage and the negative expressions of p21 was associated significantly with histopathologic differentiation. There were no significant relationships between the reactivity of EGFR, c-erbB-2, p21, and p53 protein. Conclusion: The expression of EGFR, c-erbB-2, p21 and p53 protein could be related to oncogenesis, and the expression of p21 and EGFR protein can be used as a prognosticator in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma under certain limitations, but c-erbB-2 and p53 protein expression alone is not enough for evaluating prognosis of the carcinoma.