• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate whether herb mixture extract (HME) would affect allergic contact dermatitis induced by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene (DNCB) in mice. For this, the level of blood IgE was identified. To evaluate anti-inflammatory effect of HME, we tested HMC-1 cells stimulated by PMA+A231867. Methods : In order to evaluate allergic contact dermatitis effects we observed HME on contact-hypersensitive skin of Balb/cmice induced by 0.5% DNCB and measured concentration of IgE in blood of Balb/c mice. In order to evaluate anti-inflammatory effect of cytokine expression we used the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results : We confirmed deep wounds, erosions, progress of keratinization and drop out of dead skin cells from Balb/c mice induced by 0.5% DNCB. We also observed a remarkable decrease in symptoms of atopic dermatitis in the group that received injection of 200mg/kg HME. In addition, in the measurement outcome for IgE concentration in blood, we confirmed that IgE concentration was increased by treatment with DNCB only, while it was markedly decreased by treatment with HME. We confirmed that cytokine expression decreased through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and pERK, pJNK, and pp38 also decreased through western blot test Conclusions : According to the above results, HME has some effect on alleviating symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis and has anti-inflammatory effects.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.84-97
• /
• 2023

Background: The concept of high-impact chronic pain (HICP) has been proposed for patients with chronic pain who have significant limitations in work, social life, and personal care. Recognition of HICP and being able to distinguish patients with HICP from other chronic pain patients who do not have life interference allows the necessary measures to be taken in order to restore the physical and emotional functioning of the affected persons. The aim was to reveal the risk factors and predictors associated with HICP. Methods: Patients with chronic pain without life interference (grade 1 and 2) and patients with HICP were compared. Significant data were evaluated with regression analysis to reveal the associated risk factors. Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate predictors and present cutoff scores. Results: One thousand and six patients completed the study. From pain related cognitive processes, fear of pain (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87-0.98; P = 0.007) and helplessness (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12; P = 0.018) were found to be risk factors associated with HICP. Predictors of HICP were evaluated by ROC analysis. The highest discrimination value was found for pain intensity (cut-off score > 6.5; 83.8% sensitive; 68.7% specific; area under the curve = 0.823; P < 0.001). Conclusions: This is the first study in our geography to evaluate HICP with measurement tools that evaluate all dimensions of pain. Moreover, it is the first study in the literature to evaluate predictors and cut-off scores using ROC analysis for HICP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.498-509
• /
• 2000

This study is designed to find out the effects of price on the consumers'perceived quality, value and purchase willingness of clothing in order to get the basic information that is needed in helping clothing manufacturer's strategy for merchandising promotion on price. This study was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey of university students in seoul. SAS program was used for analysis. The conclusions of this study as follow: first, with respect to the price level of clothing, consumers evaluate the perceived quality of high-price case higher than that of low-price case, and evaluate the perceived value and purchase willingness of low-price case higher than those of high-price case. Second, with respect to the brand name level of clothing, consumers evaluate the perceived quality, perceived value and purchase willingness of well-known brand case higher than those of unknown brand can. Third, the interaction between price and brand dosen't appear. Thus from this result we can know that price and brand have the same amount of effect in both single-quo case and multi-que case. Forth, with respect to the price and brand name level of clothing, there exist significant differences in perceived quality, perceived value, and brand name level. Fifth, in the study of the relationship between perceived quality and purchase willingness and the relationship between the perceived value and purchase willingness, perceived value has more effect on purchase willingness than perceived quality.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.29-45
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is (1) to develop the teaching plan based on Practical Problems solving on the area of food habits in home economics class and (2) to investigate the participation of teaching, the attitude of teaching method and food life. The subject of this study was two classes consisted off 66 students(male 26. female 40, 33 for each class) who are the first grade of middle school. The comparison group was taught by lecturing. while the experiment group by cooperative learning. The period of this experiment was three weeks: from June 7th to Jun 23th. 1999. The experiment was conducted through 5 classes. First of all students identify the problem of food habits and seek and evaluate information. Students evaluate actions and reflect on decision and evaluate action. The statistical method for the study was a paired T-test. The results of this study are as follows: 1. After experiment, the participation of teaching(p<.05) and the attitude of teaching method(p<.01) in the experiment group showed a statistically significant difference. Therefore the students in the class based on the practical problems solving took an active part in teaching 2. The practical problems solving is more effective than the lecturing in doing guide the positive attitude of teaching. 3. Through the experiment the attitude of food life in the experiment group showed a statistically significant difference(p<.05) Therefore the practical problems solving is more effective than the lecturing in changing positive attitude of food life.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 1999.03a
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 1999

One of the most general methods that can evaluate the rippability is the seismic exploration. However, most field engineers have hardly used the seismic exploration. Instead of using the seismic exploration, they have usually used rock hammer and naked eyes to confirm the degree of rippability for soil, ripping rock and blasting rock. Therefore, to excavate the ground rationally, it is required to establish a quantitative criterion that can be used for distinguishing rippability. In this study, we find out the characteristics of rock strength through laboratory and field tests. The weathering condition of rock exposed to air due to excavation of soil layer and the variation of rock strength caused by weathering were investigated. A relationship between rock strength values that are obtained from uniaxial compression test, slaking durability test, point load test, schmidt hammer test and absorption ratio test is analyzed. The relationship is expressed in a form of equation by which we can evaluate the rock strengths obtained from simple laboratory and field tests. To evaluate rippability in a reasonable manner, a quantitative approach is proposed and a check list of rippability is developed based on the proposed methodology. It is recommended to modify the proposed method for evaluation of rippability in the field.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2008

Charpy V-Notch test is commonly used to evaluate fracture toughness. However, since the region to be evaluated is limited to bulk material due to the specimen size required, individual evaluation of micro-structures on weldment is very difficult. In this study, ASP(Advanced Small Punch) test was carried out to evaluate material degradation and fracture toughness on the B.M, W.M and each micro-structures of HAZ for X20CrMoV121 and 2.25Cr1Mo steels with artificial aging time. In addition, to evaluate fracture toughness and material degradation of B.M and W.M of X20CrMoV121 steels with aging times, CVN (Charpy V-notch) test was performed. And then the correlation between ASP and CVN test on X20CrMoV121 steels was obtained. Furthermore, through this correlation, material degradation property of each micro-region of the HAZ in weldment, which was impossible to be evaluated by the CVN test, can be estimated and determined.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.32 no.spc3
• /
• pp.179-184
• /
• 2012

This research on building Integrated Photovoltaic System replacing windows and doors with amorphous silicon thin film PV windows and doors installing same exact mount on Mock-up. The windows and doors should be installed in different angle and bearing so that we can analyse the amount of electricity from them. The objective of the research is to evaluate and investigate the relationship between factors(intensity of solar radiation, PV window surface temperature, incidence angle, and sky conditions) that affects performance of PV window and performance. The range and method of this research is to establish monitoring system and analysis the data from the monitoring system to evaluate the performance of PV windows that have thin film of solar battery. We should evaluate the insolation according to the position of PV window, output, and surface temperature according to months and seasons so that we can figure out the relationship between these. And we should investigate the relationship between performance and efficiency according to incidence angle and sky condition so that we can figure out the correlation between factors and performance.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.63-76
• /
• 2012

Objective: The main objective of this study is to propose a user-centered assessment metric for ubiquitous services. Background: As the ubiquitous era took off, the interactions between ubiquitous services and users have come to take an important position. It is essential to conceptualize a new assessment model that considers human-system interaction capability with a user-centered design perspective. Method: The evaluation model for the interactivity of ubiquitous service was approached from the concept of usability and inter-personality of services. As a validation study, suggested assessment metric was utilized to evaluate the u-Home service. Priority weighting of each assessment metric was derived using the quantification type-I analysis. Results: To evaluate interactivity, this study suggested a quantitative metric for user testing performed after classifying the interactivity characteristics to contextualization; ubiquity; user experience; and service capability. Conclusion: This study suggest the metric for the ubiquitous service that are experienced in real life, and introduced the concept of ubiquitous service interactivity. Application: The suggested evaluation metric can be used to evaluate interactivity level of ubiquitous service and identify the potential problem and usability requirements at the early stage of service development.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
• /
• 1998.04a
• /
• pp.19.1-24
• /
• 1998

Designers often hesitate to decide the shape, size, and layout of a product. Though ergonomic principles and data are absolutely needed in this process, they don't have enough guidelines to refer. For the refrigerator designers, they also are not convinced of their decision: the vertical position of the freezing and refrigerating rooms, the height of shelves, the shape of door-handle, and etc. To support the refrigerator design, we applied several ergonomic methods to the evaluation of a refrigerator. EMG measurement was used to evaluate the load of user's lumbar muscle. Based upon the experimental EMG data, we developed a model to predict the relative load according to the height of refrigerator shelves. Two different layouts of a refrigerator, R/F and F/R style, were compared with the model. A three-dimenaional motion analysis method was used to evaluate the user's motion of using a refrigerator. Ten door-handles with the different shapes and positions were evaluated by tracking the rotations of the user's arm. Video protocol analysis was used to evaluate the user interface of a control panel in a refrigerator. Finally, we made several ergonomic design guidelines based on the facts found in this research and the anthropometric data of the Korean adults. The results of this study can be applied to the ergonomic design of a refrigerator.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.08a
• /
• pp.1874-1879
• /
• 2004

This paper validates new type electric power steering (EPS) system which is driven by a uni-direction rotational motor and two electromagnetic clutches. The assist motor of the new type EPS produces a torque for assisting the steering in only one direction and two electromagnetic clutches transmit the assist torque to the pinion gear in either left or right direction with respect to the steering rotation. In order to evaluate the static and dynamic characteristics of the new type EPS, the EPS has been modeled by using the well known customized software such as MSC.ADAMS and MSC.CarSim. The ADAMS software has been used to investigate the static characteristics of the proposed system. ADAMS, however, can not describe dynamics of a vehicle and perform the simulation under the various road conditions. Thus the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle including the EPS are analyzed very well by using the CarSim software. A sinusoidal steering input command is applied to the propose EPS system in order to evaluate the static characteristics, while the double lane changes are applied to the vehicle with the EPS in order to evaluate the dynamic performance. Through a series of simulations, we can conclude that the propose EPS shows the stable dynamic characteristics when the rotational direction is changed.