• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1047-1052
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• 2005

Two phenolic glucosides, eutigoside Band eutigoside C were isolated from the fresh leaves of Eurya emarginata. These two phenolic glucosides exerted a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. Furthermore, when the HL-60 cells were treated with eutigoside C, several apoptotic characteristics such as DNA fragmentation, morphologic changes, and increase of the population of sub-G1 hypodiploid cells were observed. In order to understand the mechanism of apoptosis induction by eutigoside C, we examined the changes of Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels. The eutigoside C reduced BcI-2 protein and mRNA levels, but slightly increased Bax protein and mRNA levels in a time-dependent manner. When we examined the activation of caspase-3, an effector of apoptosis, the eutigoside C increased the expression of active form (19-kDa) of caspase-3 and the increase of their activities was demonstrated by the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, a substrate of caspase-3, to 85-kDa. The results suggest that the inhibitory effect of eutigoside C from E. emarginata on the growth of HL-60 appears to arise from the induction of apoptosis via the down-regulation of BcI-2 and the activation of caspase.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2003

The present study was undertaken to examine the cytotoxic effect of extract of Eurya emarginata against cancer cells and to develop an anti-cancer agent using components of its leaves. The crude extract of its leaves markedly inhibited the growth of leukemia cells including HL-60. When the HL-60 cells were treated with the extract, DNA fragmentation, morphologic changes and sub-Gl hypodiploid cells were observed. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of E. emarginata on the growth of the HL-60 cells appears to arise from the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, the extract markedly reduced c-Myc expression in a time-dependent manner. Eutigoside C showing the cytotoxic effect was isolated from the leaves of E. emarginata. Eutigoside C reduced the Bcl-2 protein and mRNA levels in a time-dependent manner, whereas the Bax protein and mRNA expression levels were slightly increased. When HL-60 cells were treated with eutigoside C, the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria into the cytosol was observed. Also, the expressions of the active forms of caspase 9 and 3 were increased and the activation of caspase 3 was demonstrated by the cleavage of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, a vital substrate of effector caspase. The results indicate that the eutigoside C from E. emarginata induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells via the down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and activation of caspases.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.spc8
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• pp.3175-3178
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• 2011

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 2023

Eurya emarginata is an evergreen tree growing in the southern regions of Korea including Jeju Island. In this study, antioxidant and anti-photoaging effects were investigated with the extracts of E. emarginata leaves. As comparative studies with the extract and five solvent fractions, the EtOAc fraction showed the most effective DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activities. The EtOAc fraction also inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) production most effectively. Phytochemical study on the EtOAC fraction resulted in the isolation of three compounds; eutigoside C (1), eutigoside B (2) and quercitrin (3). Among the isolates (1-3), quercitrin (3) showed excellent antioxidant activities and inhibitory properties on MMP-1 production. Based on these results, it was suggested that extracts of E. emarginata leaves could be developed as natural anti-photoaging agents in cosmetic formulations.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1244-1250
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• 2005

The anti-inflammatory activity of Eurya emarginata (Thumb) Makino, of which leaves have been traditionally used to treat ulcers or diuretic in Jeju Island, has been investigated in the present study. Through the phytochemical study from the methanol extract of E. emaginiata, eutigosides Band C were isolated as the active components. Sseveral inflammatory markers including TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, NO, iNOS, and COX-2 were examined. Eutigosides Band C potentially inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$) in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the intracellular contents of iNOS protein were markedly decreased after treatment with eutigosides Band C. The inhibition of iNOS activity was correlated with the decrease in nitrite levels. These results suggest that eutigoside Band C from E. emarginata may have anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6), iNOS and COX-2.