• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 1999

귀전우(Euonymus alatus Sieb.)가 간암, 식도암, 위암, 자궁암등의 각종 암을 치료하는 방법으로 민방에서 많이 사용하고 있다. 실제 Euonymus alatus(Thumb.) Sieb의 추출물중 Eupolyphaga simensis(ES)는 HDL-C/TC ratio와 LCATactivity를 증진시킨다. Human hepatoblastoma 세포인 Hep3B 세포의 성장억제를 유도하는 factor로는 TGF-${\beta}$, Insulin 등으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 귀전우는 간에 있어 당 대사에 관여하는 plasma HDL3-C level은 낮게 유지함으로써 간에서 지방간 이행을 억제 하여 간에서의 암 발생을 억제하는 효과를 보인다. 실험에서 귀전우가 자궁암세포보다도 간암세포에 보다 높은 세포독성을 보임으로써 여러종류의 암에 모두 적용하기는 어렵다고 보여진다. 또한 귀전우가 바이러스에 의해 유도되는 간암과 hepatocellular Carcinoma 세포에서 효과가 있는지와 HCC에서 세포의 증식억제효과를 어떤 경로를 통해 이루어지는지 계속적으로 연구가 수행되어져야 될 것이다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

Purpose : 이 연구는 SKBR3 인간 유방암 세포주에 대한 Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb 추출물 (CWE) 의 증식억제, 항산화 작용 및 세포사 유발 효과를 검토하기 위해 이루어 졌다. Methods : SKBR3 세포주는 48시간 동안 다양한 농도 ($0-40\;{\mu}g/ml$)의 CWE를 첨가하면서 배양되었고, 세포의 생존 비율은 MTT 배양을 통해서 평가하였다. 또한 CWE의 증식억제 효과는 유방암 세포주의 세포사와 관련되어 있음을 형태학적인 변화와 올리고뉴클레오솜 DNA 분절을 통해 확인하였다. Results : CWE의 50%에서 효과를 나타내게 하는 약물농도인 $ED_{50}$ (effective dose 50%)은 $9.3+2.2{\mu}g/ml$이며, 약물의 농도에 의존하여 세포의 증식을 억제시켰다. 아울러, 다양한 농도와 배양시간에서 CWE가 ROS 생산을 억제하는 것을 밝힐 수 있었다. 따라서 이러한 작용과 항암예방효과는 농도와 노출 시간에 의존하였다. Conclusion : 이러한 관찰을 통해 Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb의 열수 추출물은 SKBR3 인간 유방암 세포주에 대해 강한 증식억제 효과와 강력한 항산화효과 및 세포사의 유발 효과를 가지는 것으로 인식할 수 있다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.108-120
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• 2004

Objective : Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb (EA) is a traditional Korean herbal medicine, commonly used to treat tumors in Korea and China for centuries. Several earlier studies have indicated that EA exhibits anti-tumor properties, but its mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the molecular mechanism of EA in a human uterine leiomyomal smooth muscle cell (ULSMC) line. Methods : This study was evaluated by: (a), morphological changes by using acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining; (b), DNA fragmentation by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL); and (c), sub-G1 cell analysis. Results : This study observed that EA treatment caused apoptotic cell death and depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and that reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential was found to be involved in the initiation of apoptosis by EA. Conclusion : This results show that EA exerted clear cytotoxic effects and strongly inhibited the proliferation of ULSMC.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.358-368
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 화살나무 날개를 이용하여 물, 에탄올 및 메탄올을 이용하여 얻은 추출물을 이용하여 항산화 활성, 항당뇨 활성, 총폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량, 암세포 성장 억제능을 평가하였다. 화살나무 날개 추출물은 DPPH radical 소거능 결과에서는 에탄올과 메탄올 추출물에서 positive control과 유사한 radical 소거능을 나타내었으며 ABTS^·+ radical 소거능에서는 모든 군의 1,000 ㎍/mL의 농도에서 80% 이상의 소거능을 보여주었다. 또한, 환원력과 hydrogen peroxide 소거능 및 α-glucosidase 저해활성에서 에탄올과 메탄올 추출물은 positive control과 비슷하거나 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 화살나무 날개 추출물 내 총폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 에탄올 추출물에서 867.8 mg% 및 551.7 mg%로 물 및 메탄올 추출물과 비교하였을 때 보다 높은 총폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 확인되었다. 화살나무 날개 추출물의 암세포 증식 억제 활성은 흑색종 피부암(B16)에서는 큰 효과를 확인할 수 없었지만 유방암(MDA-MB-231), 대장암(HT-29) 및 전립선암(LNCaP)에서는 유의적인 세포 생존 억제능을 확인하였고 특히 LNCaP에 에탄올 추출물을 처리하였을 때 19.1%의 세포 생존율을 보이며 가장 우수한 세포 성장 억제 활성을 확인하였다. 또한, 전립선 정상 세포인 RWPE-1을 화살나무 날개 추출물로 처리하였을 때 세포 생존율에 큰 영향을 받지 않았기 때문에 암세포 특이적인 성장 억제 활성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 풍부한 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량을 가진 화살나무 추출물은 항산화, α- glucosidase 억제, 항암 효과를 나타내어 뛰어난 생리활성효능을 가지고 있고, 이는 효과적인 천연물 유래 기능성 원료 및 식품 소재 발굴을 위한 기초자료로 이용할 수 있을것으로 사료된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 1998

This paper is to study on rating system of some shrubs for pedestrian control with concentrate upon the density of branch. It was usd that Hibiscus syricacus L., Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora Nak, Ligustrum obtusifolium S. et Z., Callicarpa dichotoma Raeusch., Rhoododendron mucrionulatum Turcz., Syringa vulgaris L., Weigela subsessilis L. H. Bailey, Cercis chinensis bunge, Forsythia koreana Nak., Euonymus alatus Sieb, Chaenomeles speciosa Nak., orbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila Max., Deutzia parviflora Bunge, Kerria japonica De Candolle, Prunus tomentosa Thunberg ex Murray, Purunus grandulosa for. albiplena Koehne. Shrubs are invesitgated ito the density of branch, the power of sprout, height, a rate of growth, hardness of naturalizaton, crown width and existence of thorns. Shrubs belonged to high group of rating system for pedestrian control were Euonymus alatus Sieb, Purunus grandulosa for. albiplena Koehne, Chaenomeles speciosa Nak., Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora Nak., Prunus tomentosa Thunberg ex Murray, Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz., Hibiscus syricacus L., Ligustrum obtusifolium S. et Z., Syringa vulgaris L., Weigela subsessilis L.H.Bailey.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.368-373
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of water extract from Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. (EAS) on the RAW 264.7 cells. To evaluate of anti-inflammatory of EAS, we examined the cytokine productions on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells and also inhibitory mechanisms using Western blot. EAS reduced LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) in RAW 264.7 cells. EAS inhibited the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as p38, extracelluar signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1/2) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) but not of inhibitory kappa B a (Ik-Ba) degradation in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, EAS down-regulated LPS-induced NO and cytokines production, which could provide a clinical basis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.366-371
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• 2013

Seventeen compounds (1 - 17), ${\beta}$-sitosterone (1), lupenone (2), arborinone (3), ${\beta}$-sitosterol (4), lupeol (5), epi-lupeol (6), taraxerol (7), betulinic acid (8), 24R-methyllophenol (9), germanicol (10), hexatriacontane (11), nonacosan-1-ol (12), benzoic acid (13), tetradecyl(E)-ferulate (14), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (15), trilinolein (16) and monopalmitin (17), were isolated from the methylene chloride-soluble fraction of the cork of Euonymus alatus Sieb. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 6, 11, 13 and 14 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Compound 4 showed moderate cytotoxic activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 6.22 ${\mu}M$ in HL-60 cell line. Compound 9 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 63.31, 15.45, 15.14 and 21.72 ${\mu}M$ in four kinds of human cancer cell lines, Jurkat T, HeLa, HL-60 and MCF-7, respectively. Compound 17 showed moderate cytotoxic activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 70.71 ${\mu}M$ in Jurkat T cell line. In addition, compounds 2, 3, 14 and 16 exhibited weak antioxidant activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 151.76, 170.79, 137.46 and 139.37 ${\mu}M$, respectively.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1270-1275
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• 2008

Effects of polysaccharide fraction from Euonymus alatus Sieb(EPF) on the immune response of T-, B-lymphocytes and macrophages were examined in vitro and in vivo system. EPF (500 mg/kg) were administered p.o. twice a day for 5 days to C57BL/6 mice, and then the cells were separated from mice. EPF decreased the viability of thymocytes, but increased the viability of splenocytes in vitro and in vivo system. Also, the administration of EPF enhanced the population of helper T cell and cytotoxic T cell in thymocytes and did not affect the population of splenocytes. Furthermore, EPF enhanced the phagocytic activity and the production of nitric oxide in peritoneal macro phages in vivo system. These results suggest that EPF regulates an immune response via the enhancement of mature T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes viability and phagocytic activity of macrophages.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2005

Objective : Many traditional herbal remedies exhibit several beneficial effects including anti-inflammation. Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb (EA), known as Gui jun woo in Korea, has long been used in folk medicine to regulate Qi (bodily energy) and blood circulation, relieve pain, eliminate stagnant blood, and treat dysmenorrhea in oriental countries. The exact mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb (EA), however, has not been determined. Methods: Since there is increasing evidence that nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, this study was undertaken to address whether the methanol (MeOH) extract and its fractions of the bark of EA could modulate the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in thioglycollate-elicited murine peritoneal macrophages and murine macrophage cell line, RA W264.7 cells. Results: Stimulation of the peritoneal macrophages and RAW264.7 cells with $interferon-\gamma\;(IFN-\gamma)$ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in increased production of NO in the medium. However, the butanol (BuOH) fraction of the MeOH extract of EA barks showed marked inhibition of NO synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of NO synthesis was reflected in the decreased amount of iNOS protein, as determined by Western blotting. The BuOH fraction did not affect the viability of RA W264.7 cells, as assessed by methylthiazol-2-yl-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; rather, it reduced endogenous NO-induced apoptotic cell death via inhibition of NO synthesis in RAW264.7 cells. On the other hand, the MeOH and BuOH fraction showed no inhibitory effect on the synthesis of NO by RAW264.7 cells, when iNOS was already expressed by the stimulation with $IFN-\gamma$ and LPS. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that the MeOH and BuOH fraction inhibits NO synthesis by inhibition of the induction of iNOS in murine macrophages.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2011

Background : Despite recent advances in cancer management, prognosis of ovarian cancer is poor. Anticancer effects of herbal medicine, such as Euonymus alatus Sieb, Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxburgh, and Orostachys japonicus A. Berger, have been reported in treatment of ovarian and cervical cancers, but the systematic approaches to explain their molecular mechanism(s) have not yet been established. Objectives : To establish a basis of understanding for anti-cancer mechanisms of herbal medicine, we profiled protein expression in human ovarian and cervical cancer cells treated with the extracts from Euonymus alatus Sieb, Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxburgh and Orostachys japonicus A. Berger. Methods : Human ovarian cancer cell line NIH:OVCAR-3, and human cervical cancer cell line HeLa were employed in the present study. Whole protein was obtained from the cells harvested at 48 hours after the treatment with herbal water-extract, and analyzed by 2DE-based proteomic approach. Results : Various changes of protein expression induced by the herbal treatment were monitored : down-regulation of molecular chaperone (calreticulin variant), glycolytic enzymes (D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and alpha-enolase), RNA processing molecules (hnRNP A2/B1), and antioxidant protein (peroxiredoxin 1). Conclusions : Repression of glycolysis has been accepted as the mechanism to increase anticancer reagent's effect. Thus, down-regulation of glycolytic enzymes by the herbal extracts suggested a possible synergistic effect of herbs in the presence of platinum-based therapeutics. In further study, as well as the synergistic effect of the herbs, it has to be further validated whether artificial regulation of hnRNP A2/B1 in ovarian cancer cells affects various cancer survival factors, since RNA processing can be interrupted by deranged expression of hnRNP subtypes, and it results in an inhibition of cancer cell growth.