• Title/Summary/Keyword: Euglena sp.

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Impact of salt stress on the α-tocopherol, carotenoid derivatives and flocculation efficiency of Euglena sp., Indonesian Strain

  • Ria Amelia;Arief Budiman;Andhika Puspito Nugroho;Eko Agus Suyono
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.379-391
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    • 2024
  • Tocopherol, carotenoids, and chlorophyll are the primary components of the antioxidative response in microalgae. Conditions of stress, such salt stress, can trigger the processes responsible for the accumulation of tocopherol and carotene. It has been found that the most difficult part of culturing microalgae is keeping it affordable. This study investigated the effects of different salt types and concentrations on the amount of α-tocopherol, carotenoid derivatives, and flocculation efficiency of Euglena sp. Cultures of Euglena sp. was developed under salt stress conditions of NaCl 200 mM and KCl 200 mM. UV-VIS spectrophotometry was used to confirm the presence of α-tocopherol and carotenoid derivatives under thirteen days of salt stress testing. Increasing salinity has a significant effect on Euglena sp., causing spherical cell morphologies with aspect ratio 1.385 ± 0.031 for NaCl 200 mM and 1.414 ± 0.040 for KCl 200 mM. Increasing salinity also slowing down development with specific growth rate value of 0.171 ± 0.006 per day and 0.122 ± 0.029 per day for NaCl and KCl 200 mM, respectively. Nevertheless, the amount of α-tocopherol in Euglena sp. increases with a high salt concentration; algal cells flocculated more successfully when increasing the salt concentrations (NaCl 200 mM and KCl 200 mM) was added. Due to the inhibition of photosynthetic activity in salt-stressed cells, the control group exhibited higher levels of carotenoid derivatives (ranging from 0.5-1 ㎍/mL) and pheophytin a and b (0.0062 ± 0.001 ㎍/mL and 0.0064 ± 0.001 ㎍/mL) than the group treated with salt stress. In conclusion, salt stress was an effective way to raises the concentration of α-tocopherol and significantly reduce the expense of harvesting Euglena sp.

Patterns in Phytoplankton Community Structure in the Beopsu Marsh, Haman-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea (경상남도 함안군, 법수늪의 식물플랑크톤 군집구조의 양상)

  • Kim, Mi-Kyung
    • ALGAE
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.219-230
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    • 2008
  • The structure of phytoplankton community was studied for one year round at 6 stations in the Beopsu Marsh, Haman-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. One hundred seventy-eight taxa (69 taxa belonging to Chlorophyta, 55 taxa to Bacillariophyta, 33 taxa to Cyanophyta, 15 taxa to Euglenophyta, 2 taxa to Rhodophyta, 2 taxa to Dinophyta and 1 taxon to Xanthophyta) were observed. Phytoplankton bloom occurred at the staions 2, 3 and 4 where waters were polluted by sewage and treated water of purification plants from the vicinity. The species diversity index of phytoplankton was the lowest (0.66) in November at the station 3, which the station showed the most eutrophic water due to the diverse pollutants from surroundings of the marsh. For the whole seasons, Fragilaria sp. and Euglena sp. appeared in pollutant water at the station 3, while Cyclotella sp. and Pinnularia sp. inhabited in relatively clean water at the station 5. To reserve the natural treasure, the wetland should be more specially managed by a local governing institution.

A Study on the phytoplankton distribution in polluted water. (오수에 따른 식물성 Plankton의 분포조사)

  • 김병구
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.61-65
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    • 1978
  • To investigate the phytoplankton distribution effected by polluted water, this research was carried out at eight sampling places in Tae-jun and one sampling place in Kang-kyong during the period from May 10 to July 25, 1977. The results are as follows. 1) The range of water temperature was 21.0~36.0$\circ$C (May 10~July 25), and pH value was in the range of 3.5~11.0. 2) BOD was generally high (140~432mg/l) 3) At the places where BOD was high, dominant species were Aphanocapsa rivularis, Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria sp. belonging to Cyanophyta, Chlorella sp. belonging to Chlorophyta, Euglena sp. belonging to Euglenophyta, and Navicula exqua and Navicula sp. belonging to Chrysophyta. 4) At the places where the range of pH value was 3.5~3.8 and the range of BOD value was 134~148mg/l, observable species were Scenedesmus ellipsoideus and Pandorina morurn belonging to Chlorophyta, Navicula exqua belonging to Chrysophyta and Euglena sp. belonging to Euglenophyta. 5) At the places where the range of pH value was 9.0~11.0 and the range of BOD value was 214~220mg/l, a few observable species were Scenedesmus carinatus, Scenedesmus ellipsoideus, Scenedesmus bijuga and Scenedesmus obundance belonging to Chlorophyta.

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Ecological Studies on the Asan Reservoir. 2. Phytoplankton Community Structure (아산호의 생태학적 연구 2.식물플랑크톤 군집 구조)

  • Kim, Young-Gil;Shin, Yoon-Keun
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.35 no.3 s.99
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    • pp.187-197
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    • 2002
  • To analyze the structure of phytoplankton community of the Asan Reservoir in Korea, samples were collected 6 times from March to November in 1997. A total of 204 phytoplanklon species were identified from the samples of 19 stations. Green algae dominated the phytoplankton community, accounting for 51% of species number, followed by diatoms (29%), cyanobacteria (12%), dinoflagellates (2%) ,euglenoids (3%) and other flagellates (3%). Standing stocks of phytoplankton were very high in the range of 741-613,066 cells/ml, with the highest standing stock in July. Water Booms seemed to occur in the Asan Reservoir regardless of seasons, with water bloom-causing species being Micractium pusillum, Stephanodiscus, hantzschii, Dictyospharium pulchellum, cryptomonad(> 20 ${\mu}$m), Microcystis aeruginosa, Oscillatoria tenuis, Oscillatoria sp., Aphanocapsa sp. Euglena sp., Volvox aureus. In the summer, cyanobacteria dominated algal bloom. Species diversity of phytoplankton community in the reservoir was in the range of 0.13 ${\sim}$ 3.20, and showed much difference temporally and spatially. The cluster analysis identified two different regions of upstream area and downstream area for the Asan Reservoir.

Variations of Species Composition of Early Feeding Organisms Through Nature Mixed Culture (자연혼합배양에 의한 초기 먹이생물의 종 조성 변화)

  • Jung, Min-Min;Oh, Bong-Sae;Ku, Hag-Dong;Lee, Chang-Hoon;Yang, Moon-Ho;Moon, Tae-Seok;Kim, Sam-Yeon;Kim, Hyeung-Sin
    • The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2010
  • We were successfully reared young marine ornamental larva fish in a unique process of microalgae blooming culture tank. The marine fish larva was grown and survived in this method. Generally, we called this method as natural mixed culture. Observed planktonic microalgae were 34 species with 19 diatoms (Detonula pumila, Nitzschia sp., Fragilaria oceanica, Chaetoceros curvisetus, Stephanodiscus sp., Chaetoceros decipies, Chaetoceros sp., Thalassiosira rotula, Eucampia zodiacus, Diploneis splendica, Nitzschia longissima, Surirella cuneata, Asterionella glacialis, Nitzschia spp., Chaetoceros debile, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Nitzschia closterium, Skeletonema costatum and Licmophora sp.), 14 flagellates (Euglena, sp., Gonyaulax sp., Pyramimonas sp., Protoperidinium sp., Eutreptia sp., Parapedinella sp., unidentified micrc-flagellate, Gyrodinium sp., Scrippsiell trochoidea, Gymnodinium sanguineum, Chrysochromulina sp., Gymnodinium sp., Prorocentrum triestinum and Micromonas sp.) and 1 ciliate (Mesodinium rubrum) in this culture tank. Dominant microalgae were Chrysochromulina sp. during the larval rearing periods. Blooming condition maintained continuously and stably from 10 to 60 days in this microcosm.

Characteristics of Microalgal Growth on Anaerobic Effluent of Animal Waste (축산분뇨 혐기성 처리수에서 미세조류의 성장특성)

  • Lim, Byung-Ran;Lee, Kisay;Noh, Seung You;Park, Ki Young
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.306-310
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    • 2008
  • Characteristics of microalgal growth was investigated using anaerobic effluent from two-phase animal waste digestor as substrate. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of the initial nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on growth of Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlorella sp. and Euglena gracilis. In 400 times diluted anaerobic effluent (TN 3 mg/L), single cell growth of the Euglena gracilis population increased twice without delay, although Chlorella sp. and Microcystis aerugenos take over 144 hours. Similar appearance with single cell growth was observed in mixed cultures. However, microalgae population did not increase under condition of 10 times diluted influent (TP 3 mg/L) in both pure and mixed cultures, which was affected by high organic and nitrogen concentration. Logistic growth model successfully fitted to determine biokinetic parameters such as ${\lambda}$: lag time, ${\mu}m$: maximal specific growth rate, A: asymptote of growth.

A Study on the Eutrophication in Artificial Lakes in Chonnam Area (全南地方의 一部 人工湖水의 富營養化에 관한 조사연구)

  • Kim, Seung Ho
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.15-28
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    • 1985
  • In order to analyze the water quality in artificial lakes in Chonnam area, a chemical and biological examination of Dongbock Lake and Changsung Lake was conducted from September to December 1983 and May 1984. A summary of the surveyed results is as follows 1. In Dongbock Lake, pH ranged from 7.2-8.1, D.O.: 8.2-12.6mg/l, B.O.D.: 4.4-22.1 mg/l, C.O.D.: 1.0-3.4rag/l, Cl$^-$: 5.9-11.9mg/l, Total-P: 0.001-0.071 mg/l, and Total -N: 0.016-0.697 mg/l, respectively. 2. In Changsung Lake, pH ranged from 7.2-8.1, D.O.: 8.1-9.8mg/l, B.O.D.: 0.9-2.9mg/l, C.O.D.: 1.9-3.4mg/l. Total- P: 0.006-0.016mg/l and Total -N:0.006-0.033mg/l, respectively. 3. The Phytoplankton identified in this investigation were distributed in a total of 46 genera and 76 spedes in Dongbock Lake 37 genera and 45 species in Changsung Lake. 4. In Dongbock Lake, it was found that the dominant algae were Melosira sp., Microcystis sp. and Synedra sp. in September Melosira sp. and Microcytis sp. in October, but Cymbella sp., Naviculla sp. and Nitzschis sp. were also observed in OctoberAsterionella sp., Melosira sp. and Microsystis sp. in November and Melosira sp., Asterionella sp sp. and Synedra sp. in December 1983. 5. In Changsung Lake, it was found that the dominant algae were Melosira sp., Lyngrbya sp. and Microcystis in September Melosira sp. and Synedra sp. in October and November and Melosira sp., Lyngbya sp. and Asterionella sp. in December 1983. The dominant algae were Melosira sp., Lyngbya sp. and Euglena sp. in May 1984. 6. It was found that the dominant algae in both Dongbock and Changsung Lakes were Microcystis sp., Melosira sp. and Asterionella sp.. Which are strongly related with water-bloom. Therefore, it could be suggested that the eutrophication phenomena is going to occur very easily in Dongbock Lake and possibly in Changsung Lake.

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Seasonal Cycle of Phytoplankton in Aquaculture Ponds in Bangladesh

  • Affan, Abu;Jewel, Abu Syed;Haque, Mahfuzul;Khan, Saleha;Lee, Joon-Baek
    • ALGAE
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.43-52
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    • 2005
  • A study on the seasonal changes in the phytoplankton community was carried out in four aquaculture ponds of Bangladesh over a period of 16 months from August 2000 to November 2001. Out of 45 phytoplankton species identified, 30 belong to Cyanophyceae, 7 to Chlorophyceae, 5 to Bacillariophyceae and 3 to Euglenophyceae. The highest phytoplankton abundance was observed in spring followed by early autumn, summer, and the lowest was in winter. The annual succession of Cyanophyceae was characterized by spring and early autumn period dominated by Microcystis sp. Anabaena sp. and Planktolymbya sp. with Microcystis sp. as the main blue-green algae represented. Chlorophyceae was characterized by rainy season domination of Chlorella vulgaris, Pediastrum sp. and Scenedesmus denticulatus with maximum abundance of Chlorella vulgaris. Whereas Bacillariophyceae was dominant during the winter period. Navicula angusta and Cyclotella meneghiniana were the most frequently occurring species of Bacillariophyceae throughout the study period. Euglenophyceae was dominant in late autumn and Euglena sp. was the dominant species. The effect of various physicochemical water quality parameters on the seasonal distribution and succession of the above mentioned phytoplankton population as well as the interaction and eutrophication are discussed.

Differentiation of Some Environmental Factors and Planktonic Communities of the Two Areas Divided by the Breakwater Between Youngdo and Jodo, Busan (부산시 영도와 조도사이의 방파제 양측 해역의 환경요소 및 부유생물상의 차이에 관하여)

  • MIN Byoung Seo
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.243-258
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    • 1977
  • 1 The coastal area between Youngdo and Jodo was a common coastal water not much different from other coastal waters before the construction of the breakwater between them. 2. The breakwater between the two islands shuts off the tidal currents and divides the area . into the two small isolated bays to create quite different environments. 3. To understand the differences between then, present study examined some environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, transparency, and major nutrients, phosphates, sillicates and nitrites and the phytoand zooplankton. The samplings were carried out monthly from March 1976 to February 1977 at 4 stations: 2 stations in each bay. 4. Some differences were observed in the environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and transparency between the two bays. 5. The distribution and occurence of nutrient salts of the two bays were distinctly different each other. Northern Bay had $138\%$ of nutrients in comparison with Southern Bay. 6. Phytoplankton in Northern Bay was about $200\%$ plentier than in Southern Bay. 7. Zooplankton in Southern Bay was about $180\%$ richer than in Northern Bay. 8. One of the pollution indicator species, Synedra ulna, was observed in Northern Bay and the occurence of Euglena sp. and ciliates were much higher in Northern Bay than in Southern Bay, but, in contrast, Sagitta sp. was more abundant in Southern Bay than in the other. 9. The areas of the two bays seem to be in its way to eutrophication especially in Northern Bay. 10. The two bays have been differentiated enough to identify each other.

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Seasonal Changes of Phytoplankton Communities in the Paksil and Jungyang Marshes (박실지와 정양지의 식물플랑크톤 군집의 계절 변동)

  • Lee, Gyeong-Rak;Choe, Jae-Sin;Kim, Han-Sun
    • ALGAE
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.273-280
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    • 2003
  • The physico-chemical characteristics and seasonal variations of phytoplankton community were investigated in the Paksil and Jungyang marshes. Water and phytoplankton samples for analyses were collected monthly from April 2002 to March 2003. A total of 421 taxa of phytoplankton belonging to eight classes identified. The number of taxa was highest in Bacillariophyceae, followed by Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Dinophyceae, Xanthophyceae and Cryptophyceae. The standing crops ranged from 1.25 ${\times}$ $10^6$ to 5.85 ${\times}$ $10^6$ cells ${\cdot}l^{-1}$ in Paksil marsh and 0.25 to 9.63 ${\times}$ $10^6$ cells ${\cdot}l^{-1}$ in Jungyang marsh. The highest algal density at Paksil marsh was recorded in October during the high development of Chlorococcales while the lowest value occured in July. In the Jungyang marsh, the maximum algal density was recorded in October when Cryptomonas sp. and Mallomonas sp. accounted for 64% to total cell numbers and the lowest cell density was observed in January due to the decrease of Chlorophyceae. The dominant species were represented by Euglena proxima, Trachelomonas oblonga, Trachelomonas volvocina of Euglenophyceae, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum, Monoraphidium griffithii, Oocystis parva of Chlorophyceae, Dinobryon sertularia, Kephyrion rubri-claustri of Chrysophyceae, Achnanthes minutissima of Bacillariophyceae and Cryptomonas sp. of Cryptophyceae in the Paksil and Jungyang marshes. Phytoplankton diversity(H’) and dominance index varied rather irregularly throughout the sampling period but they were significantly correlated. The highest diversity(H’Paksil = 3.68, H’Jungyang = 3.63) coincided with the lowest values of dominance(DPaksil = 0.05, DJungyang = 0.05)