• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.455-460
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine the yield, free radical scavengering effect and total phenol contents of various solvent fractions on the crude and defatted grape seed extract during storage. The optimal condition for the extraction yield, free radical scavengering effect and total phenol contents was $90\%$ ethanol for 6 hour at $70^{\circ}C$. The extraction yield for crude and defatted grape seed at optimal condition was $8.9\%\;and\;9.16\%$, respectively. Also, the strongest free radical scavengering effect with $41.52\;{\mu}g/mL$ was observed in $95\%$ ethanol of defatted grape seed extracted for 6 hour at $70^{\circ}C$. Similar result was observed in total phenol contents of defatted grape seed. The ethyl acetate fraction obtained from ethanol extract of defatted grape seed showed the strongest RC50($12.35\;{\mu}g/mL$) compared to other organic fractions. Free radical scavengering effect of crude and defatted grape seed extracts treated with alkali condition(pH 10) was reduced compared to that of acidic condition(pH 2) during storage far 1 month at $50^{\circ}C$. Overall, more stronger free radical scavengering effect and higher total phenol contents in defatted grape seed extracts was observed than that of crude grape seed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.443-447
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-oral malodor effect of Schizandra chinensis extracts against oral pathogens. S. chinensis methanol (MeOH) extract showed better antimicrobial activities against oral pathogens than the S. chinensis hot water extract did. In particular, ethylacetate (EA) fraction of S. chinensis MeOH extract had the greatest effects against Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguinis, S. salivaris subsp. thermophols and Porphyromons gingivalis. The anti-malodor effect of S. chinensis against the generation of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC), such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide, was estimated using oral chroma in a practical study. The results showed that 2% MeOH extract of S. chinensis against the production of hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide had inhibitions of 91.15, 78.72 and 71.58%, respectively. These results showed that Schizandra chinensis extract had antimicrobial activity against several oral pathogens and exhibited significant effects on the inhibition of VSCs. Thus, Schizandra chinensis extract could be an alternative to available synthetic chemicals and oral hygiene products.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.440-446
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• 1992

Samil-ju, the traditional Korean rice wine was brewed and distilled using different columns (unpacked and packed) at different pressure (760, 460, 260 mmHg). Fractions of distillate were collected and analyzed. The sample wine, Samil-ju showed the following compositions; ethanol 14%, total acidity 16.2 g/100 ml, reducing sugar 7.9 mg/ml, total sugar 8.4 mg/ml, acetaldehyde 6 ppm, fusel oil acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate 6 ppm. As distillation proceeds, contents of ethanol, methanol, fusel oil, acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate were decreased but total acidity was increased. Generally at reduced pressure, all the constituents but total acidity showed more decrease than those at atmospheric pressure. In the 1st, 2nd and 3rd fractions of the distillate, ethanol contents were maintained at about 70% but those contents decreased abruptly to below 50% from the 5th fraction. Sixteen sensory characteristics were identified as quality factors of distillate. Among them, four characteristics were identified as aroma properties, seven as tastes and five as aftertastes. Nuruk and cooling flavor were considered as important factors which affect greatly the sensory quality of distillate. Among various fractions, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th fractions obtained from unpacked column at 260 mmHg showed the highest score in the overall quality. The compositions of these fractions were ranged as follows; methanol $24{\sim}36\;ppm$, total acidity $0.21{\sim}0.29\;g/100\;ml$, fusel oil 657-1340 ppm, acetaldehyde $12{\sim}41\;ppm$, and ethylacetate $22{\sim}311\;ppm$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.115-118
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine optimal extraction condition and free radical scavenging effect of ethanol extracts of Campell Early grape seeds and skins at different temperatures, and of organic solvent fractionated from ethanol extracts of grape seeds and skins. The free radical scavenging effect was tested using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and expressed as dose required for a 50% reduction of DPPH radical (RC$_{50}$). The extraction yields were increased with increasing the extraction temperature but it was not related with ethanol concentrations. The ethanol extract of grape seeds obtained at 5$0^{\circ}C$ showed the more stronger RC$_{50}$ (16.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) than those of both 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 78$^{\circ}C$. The ethylacetate fraction obtained from ethanol extract of grape seed showed the strongest RC$_{50}$ (15.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL). Overall, both ethanol extracts and their fractions of grape seeds showed significantly stronger free radical scavenging effect than those of skin extracts.racts.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.92-97
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• 2006

The liquid culture extract of Coriolus versicolor was prepared by directly boiling the whole culture broth 7 days after incubation in 12% citrus extract medium. After removal of mycelial debris through filtration, this extract was further extracted with equal volume of ethyl acetate (1 : 1, v/v). The ethyl acetate extracts showed significant antibacterial activities against Stapylococcus aureus CCARM3230 and Psudomonas aeruginosa CCARM2171, which are resistant to several antibiotics. The most active fraction was eluted from a silica gel column with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (9 : 1, v/v) and the purity of this active substance was confirmed by HPLC analysis. The results suggest that the purified active substance could be a good source for the development of a new antimicrobial agent, especially for the treatment of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2002

The bark of P. alba × glandulosa, P. euramericana and P. nigra × maximounczii F₁, several Populus trees, were collected, extracted with acetone-H₂O(7:3, v/v), fractionated with hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate, and freeze dried to give some dark brown powder. Each fraction of the powder was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol and ethanol-hexane mixture as eluents and then identified by thin layer chromatography using TBA and 6% acetic acid as developing solvents. The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized by ¹H, ¹³C and 2D-NMR tools including mass spectrometry. Most of the compounds were flavonoids and salicin derivatives as follows: (+)-catechin, taxifolin, aromadendrin, eriodictyol, naringenin, sakuranetin, sakuranetin-5-O-𝛽-D-glucopyranoside, neosaturanin, salireposide, p-coumaric acid, and aesculin from P. alba × glandulosa, (+)-catechin, salireposide, populoside and salicortin from P. euramericana and (+)-catechin, quercetin, padmatin, salireposide, populoside and salicortin from P. nigra × maximounczii F₁.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2017

Objectives : Yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) possess various nutrients, it has been widely used as traditional cosmetic material in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-oxidant activity and the anti-melanogenic effect of Yambean (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract and its fractions. Methods : The anti-oxidant activity of yam bean extract assessed based on total polyphenol, flavonoid contents, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. To evaluate anti-melanogenic effects and cytotoxicity of Yambean extract and its fractions, B16F10 melanoma cell was used. Results : In results, total polyphenol content of yam bean water extract (YW) and Yambean 70% ethanol extract (YE) were $1.18{\pm}0.03mg/g$ (mg of gallic acid/g of sample), $1.16{\pm}0.01mg/g$. Total flavonoid contents of YW, YE were $3.55{\pm}0.06mg/g$ (mg of naringin/g of sample), $1.78{\pm}0.03mg/g$. Moreover, YE scavenged DPPH and ABTS effectively in $4mg/m{\ell}$ compared to YW. Cytotoxicity of YE and its fractions in B16F10 melanoma cell was measured using MTT assays. It had no cytotoxicity up to $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Melanin accumulation in B16F10 melanoma cell was induced using alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). B16F10 melanoma cell treated with $10-500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ YE and hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, $H_2O$ fractions for 24h. Non treated B16F10 melanoma cell (Control) markedly increased melanin contents. In contrast, YE ethylacetate fraction effectively suppressed melanin accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion : In conclusion, these results suggest that Yambean extract has the potential as a cosmetic material which possess anti-oxidant and anti-melanogenic activities.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.668-675
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• 2017

To assess the physiological effects of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus extract on cytoxicity of a neuronal cell line, antioxidant activity, and neuroprotection against intensive glucose-induced oxidative stress were quantitated. Compared to the other fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus (EFAD) showed the highest total phenolics and flavonoids. The 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay and malondialdehyde inhibitory effect test confirmed the superior antioxidant activity of EFAD. Moreover, EFAD also decreased the intracellular ROS level and suppressed neuronal cell death against intensive glucose- or $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress. Additionally, assessment of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities revealed that EFAD was an effective inhibitor of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase. Finally, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis identified caffeic acid as the main ingredient of EFAD. Overall, these results suggest that the EFAD is a good natural source of biological compounds that counteract hyperglycemic neuronal defects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.524-531
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• 2017

The study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effect of the ethyl acetate fraction from Orostachys japonicus A. Berger extract (EFOJ) and its main constituent compounds. Among all fractions, the highest content of total phenolics was found in EFOJ. The antioxidant activity of EFOJ was confirmed through the 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays and the inhibitory effect of malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, we ascertained that EFOJ not only decreased the intracellular ROS level, but also protected the neuronal cells against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress. In liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the following were found to be the main compounds of EFOJ: quercetin-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside. Consequently, these results suggested that the protective effect on neuronal cells was based on the antioxidant activities of the physiologically active compounds of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger extract, which could therefore help to mitigate neurodegenerative diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.502-508
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• 2009

Antimicrobial activity of Sargassum thunbergii was determined by paper disc assay and minimum concentration inhibitor (MIC) test. A water extract of S. thunbergii did not show the antimicrobial activity, but an ethanol extract of S. thunbergii (SHE) inhibited Serratia liquefaciens, Salmonella Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aerogenosa and all of the tested gram-positive bacteria at 4 mg/mL. Especially, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium perfringens and Listeria monocytogenes were susceptible to SHE. As the results of MIC test, SHE inhibited the growth of B. subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes at concentration of $0.1{\sim}0.3%$, and inhibited C. perfringens at 0.01%. In the thermal and pH stability test for SHE, antibacterial activities of SHE were maintained when the SHE was treated at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes or under pH $2{\sim}8$. SHE was partitioned in the order of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol. As the results of the MIC test for each obtained fraction, no fraction exhibited higher antibacterial activity than that of the crude SHE. However, a mixture of chloroform, ethylacetate and ethanol fractions showed higher antibacterial activity than SHE.