• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ethoprophos

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Runoff and Erosion of Alachlor, Ethalfluralin, Ethoprophos and Pendimethalin from Soybean Field Lysimeter (콩재배 포장 라이시메타를 이용한 alachlor, ethalfluralin, ethoprophos 및 pendimethalin의 유출량 평가)

  • Kim, Chan-Sub;Lee, Hee-Dong;Oh, Byung-Youl;Lee, Young-Deuk
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.297-305
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    • 2006
  • The field lysimeter experiment were undertaken to investigate the runoff and erosion loss of four pesticides from sloped land by rainfall and to assess the influence of pesticide properties, environmental factors and agricultural practices on them. The pesticide losses from soybean planted field and bare field were measured using field lysimeters. Pesticide losses from a series of lysimeter plots of sloped land by rainfall ranged $0.1{\sim}0.6%$ for alachlor, $1.1{\sim}4.5%$ for ethalfluralin, $8{\sim}31%$ for pendimethalin and 0.03% for ethoprophos, which were $1/3{\sim}2.5$ times to them in the simulated rainfall study. The erosion loss rates of pesticides from soybean-plots were $21{\sim}75%$ lower than the ones from bare soil plot. The effect of slope conditions was not great for runoff loss, but for erosion loss increased to maximum $4{\sim}12$ times by sloping degree and slope length. The peak runoff concentration in soybean-plots and bale soil plots were $3{\sim}278{\mu}gL^{-1}\;and\;6{\sim}450{\mu}gL^{-1}$ for alachlor, $1.1{\sim}11.4{\mu}gL^{-1}\;and\;0.9{\sim}16{\mu}gL^{-1}$ for ethalfluralin, $7{\sim}42{\mu}gL^{-1}\;and\;6{\sim}66{\mu}gL^{-1}$ for pendimethalin, and $2{\sim}53{\mu}gL^{-1}\;and\;0.1{\sim}113{\mu}gL^{-1}$ for ethoprophos, respectively, on nine different slope degree and slope length plots. Therefore, the differences of the peak runoff concentration between bare soil plots and soybean-plots were not great.

Effects of Soil Organic Matter Content on Activity Change, Vertical Migration, and Persistence of Two Nematicides, Carbofuran and Ethoprophos, to Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (토양중 유기물함량 차이에 따른 고구마뿌리혹선충(Meloidigyne incognita)에 대한 Carbofuran과 Ethoprophos의 효력변동, 수직이동성 및 잔효성조사)

  • Song, Cheol;Hwang, In-Taek;Jang, Kyoung-Soo;Cho, Kwang-Yun
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.47-52
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    • 1999
  • Effects of organic matter content in soil on activity. vertical migration. and persistence of two nernaticides. carbofuran and ethoprophos. to root-knot nematode, Mrloitlog!~iei ~lcognita.w ere investigated. As the organic matter content increased. activity of the nernaticides tended to be reduced. Both nematicides exhibited control values of more than 80'k' to M. iix.o,yilit~iln 0-2 cm depth soil layer from the surface. regi~rdless of organic matter content in soil. In 2-4 cm depth soil layer. however. the control value of the neniaticides varied with the organic niatter content in soil. The control value of carbofuran in the soil layer was ranged from I0 to 30'2,. depending on the soil organic niatter content. In contrast. ethoprophos had no control value against M. i/ic.o,ytlitcr in the \oil layer, except that the nematicide had a control value of 30% when the organic matter content was 0.4%. Furthermore. ethoprophos had no effect on controlling M. i/ic.o,gtiitrr in soil layer of below 4cm. whereas control values of carbofuran were approximately from 5 to 20% in all test soils having different organic matter contents. These results indicate that carbofuran has more vertical migration effect than ethoprophos. Persistence of the two neniaticides was also decreased with increasing soil organic matter content. Half life of carbofuran was 2-3 weeks in soil containing 0.4% organic matter, whereas it was found to be I week in soils containning 0.8 ant1 1.6% of organic matter. On the other hand. activity of ethoprophos was reduced to half in 3-3 weeks and in 2-3 weeks in soil containing 0.4 and 0.8%, and 1.6%) of organic matter, respectively. However, no activity of the both nernaticides was found in soil containing 3.2% of organic matter.

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Studies on Persistence of Pesticides in Soils and Crops under Polyethylene Film Mulching Culture;III. Persistence of Soil Insecticides Endosulfan, Fonofos and Ethoprophos (폴리에틸렌 멀칭재배시(栽培時) 농약(農藥)의 토양(土壤) 및 작물체중(作物體中) 잔류(殘留)에 관한 연구(硏究);제(第)3보(報) 토양살충제 Endosulfan, Fonofos, Ethoprophos의 잔류성(殘留性))

  • Ryang, Hwan-Seung;Moon, Young-Hee;Kim, Nak-Eung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.8-13
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    • 1988
  • This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of polyethylene film(P.E.) mulching on degradation of the soil insecticides, endosulfan(6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide), fonofos(O-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate), and ethorprophos(O-ethyl S, S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate) in red pepper, peanut, and sesame fields. Degradation of endosulfan, fonofos and ethoprophos in the soils under P.E. mulching and non-mulching followed first-order kinetics. The half-lives of fonofos, ethoprophos, ${\alpha}-$ and ${\beta}-endosulfan$ were $19{\sim}21$, $25{\sim}37$, $33{\sim}39$ and $56{\sim}81$ days, respectively. There were few differences in the half-lives of fonofos in either mulching or non-mulching concitions. However, half-lives of α-endosulfan, ethoprophos, and ${\beta}-endosulfan$ were 6, 12 and 25 days longer under P.E. mulching than under non-mulching conditions, respectively. The effect of P.E. mulching on degradation was remarkable for the slower degrading insecticides. Residues of ethoprophos in the harvested sesame under P.E. mulching and non-mulching conditions were 0.024 and 0.074ppm, respectively. Residues of fonofos in the harvested peanuts under P.E. mulching and non-mulching conditions were 0.078 and 0.017ppm, respectively. However, no endosulfan was detected in the harvested red peppers under either condition.

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Effects of Root Zone Applications of Some Systemic Insecticides for Control of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens ($St{\aa}l$) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) (벼멸구에 대한 여러 가지 침투성 살충제의 근부처리 효과)

  • Pham, Hong-Hien;Kim, Jong-Kyu;Choi, Byeong-Ryeol;Song, Yoo-Han
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.236-242
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    • 2008
  • Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of root zone application of some systemic insecticides for control of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, as one of the management option to minimize the adverse effects and maximize the efficacy of insecticide application. Five systemic insecticides, namely, carbofuran, carbosulfan, diazinon, ethoprophos and imidacloprid, as granular formulation were placed in the root zone and measured the mortality, fecundity, and nymphal survivorship of the planthopper. Diazinon and ethoprophos did not show the significant mortality of the BPH. When the BPH were inoculated at the day of carbofuran treatment, adult mortality was shown almost 100% at seven days after treatment and BPH nymphs were remained very few on rice at 25 days after treatment. When carbofuran were placed 10 days before the BPH inoculation, it showed almost 100% adult mortality after one day, and no nymphs were found until 25 day after inoculation. Efficacy of carbofuran on BPH when applied in 10 day-old rice was higher than in 30 day-old rice. These results indicated that the root zone application of carbofuran can control N. lugens effectively with less adverse effect to the natural enemies inhabited on rice plants.

Evaluation of Groundwater Contamination Potential of Pesticides Using Groundwater Ubiquity Score in Jeju Island Soils (Groundwater Ubiquity Score를 이용한 제주도 토양 특성별 농약의 지하수 오염가능성 평가)

  • Hyun, Hae-Nam;Jang, Gong-Man;Oh, Sang-Sil;Chung, Jong-Bae
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.144-153
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    • 2007
  • One of the most recent issues facing the pesticides regulatory process is the assessment of the potential for pesticides to leach through soil and appear in groundwater. Since Jeju island depends on a hydrogeologically vulnerable aquifer system as its principle source of drinking water, it is important to identify which pesticides are the most likely to result in groundwater contamination. The objective of this study was to assess groundwater contamination risk of 21 pesticides (12 insecticides, 6 herbicides and 3 fungicides) in Jeju soils using groundwater ubiquity score (GUS). Considering GUS estimated in 21 representative series of Jeju soils, generally herbicides showed relatively higher leaching potentials and insecticides showed lower leaching potentials. Groundwater contamination risk was higher in the order of bromacil > metolachlor > alachlor > linuron pretilachlor > butachlor for herbicides, carbofuran > ethoprophos > diazinone > dimethoate > penthoate > mecarbam > methidathion > endosulfan > fenitrothion > parathion > chlorpyrifos > terbufos for insecticides, and metalaxyl > chlorothalonil > triadimefon for fungicides. Among the tested pesticides alachlor, metolachlor, bromacil, ethoprophos and carbofuran were classified as the pesticides of very high or high groundwater contamination potential. Although the ranking of the leaching potential was essentially determined on the base of the intrinsic properties of the chemicals and environmental properties, variation of the relative groundwater contamination potentials of each pesticides in different soils were not significant. Therefore, the above ranking of groundwater contamination risk would be applied in most of Jeju soils. To lower the possibility of pesticide contamination of groundwater, the use of those pesticides classified as high or very high leaching potential should be strictly regulated in Jeju Island.

Management of Earthworm Casts using Pesticides and Tea Tree (Camellia oliefera) Extracts in Turfgrass of Golf Courses (골프장에서 차나무류 추출물과 화학 방제제를 이용한 지렁이 분변토 발생 관리)

  • Shin, Chong Chang;Kim, Jong Kyung;Choi, Sung Hwan;Jeon, Byungduk;Lee, Dong Woon
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.35-41
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    • 2016
  • Earthworm cast is a harmful factor which reduces the uniformity of management of turfgrass and play quality in golf courses and playground. This research was conducted to carry out the efficacy of some pesticide (bifenthrin GR + clothianidin GR, ethoprophos GR, imidacloprid SC, picoxystrobin WG, thiophanate-methyl WP) and tee tree (Camellia oliefera) extracts against reducing earthworm cast in golf courses. All tested materials were acted reducing earthworm cast, thiophanate-methyl among them showed the highest effect reducing earthworm casts in golf courses. Tea tree extracts was occurred similar efficacy among tested chemical pesticides. However, pellet type byproduct of tea seed extract and liquid formulation of tea tree extract were better than granule formulation of them. Byproduct of tea seed and tea tree extract can be used for alternative biological management material for reducing earthworm cast in heavily casting occurrence area.

Volatilization of Sprayed Pesticides in Greenhouse using a Lysimeter (라이시미터를 이용한 시설하우스 내에 살포한 농약의 휘산 양상)

  • Kim, Danbi;Kim, Taek-Kyum;Kwon, HyeYong;Hong, Su-Myeong;Park, Byung-Jun;Lim, Sung-Jin;Lee, Hyo-Sub;Moon, Byeong-Cheol
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.305-311
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    • 2016
  • In cultivation environment, various pesticides are used and some of them could be volatilized into the air. This could affect farmer's health and also cause environmental pollution. This study was carried out to investigate the volatilization of pesticides, and use the reference data for preventing farmer's pesticide intoxication and securing worker safety. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a lysimeter which was of $1m^2$ area and 1.5 m depth filled with upland soil. The pesticides treated in lysimeter soil were ethoprophos (5.0% GR), diazinon (34.0% EC), alachlor (43.7% EC), metolachlor (40.0% EC), chlorpyrifos (2.0% GR), pendimethalin (31.7% EC), carbaryl (50.0% WP), napropamide (50% WP), tebuconazole (25.0% WP) and imidacloprid (2.0% GR). Each pesticide was treated at a concentration of 770.5 mg based on A.I (%). The recovery of pesticide ranged from 77.4 to 99.3%. The volatilized pesticides in air were collected by personal air sampler with PUF tube at 4 l/min flow rate. In addition, temperature and humidity were measured. The collected samples were extracted using acetone in a soxhlet apparatus for 8 hours. The extracted pesticides were resoluted with acetonitrile and diluted 5 times. It was analyzed with LC-MS/MS. For 720 hours experiment, the largest vaporization amount of each pesticide in air was ethoprophos $15.24{\mu}g/m^3$, diazinon $5.14{\mu}g/m^3$, pendimethalin $2.70{\mu}g/m^3$, chlorpyrifos $1.76{\mu}g/m^3$, alachlor $1.40{\mu}g/m^3$, metolachlor $1.12{\mu}g/m^3$, carbaryl $0.27{\mu}g/m^3$, napropamide $0.22{\mu}g/m^3$, tebuconazole $0.11{\mu}g/m^3$ and imidacloprid $0.05{\mu}g/m^3$. The R value (coefficient of correlation) between volatilization and vapor pressure of pesticides is higher than 0.99. Therefore, there is high correlation between volatilization and vapor pressure of pesticides.

Pesticide Residues Survey on Agricultural Products before Auction at Whole Market in Busan Area during 2006~2008 (2006~2008년 부산지역 농산물도매시장 경매 전 농산물의 잔류농약 조사)

  • Kwon, Sun-Mok;Park, Eun-Hee;Kang, Jeong-Mi;Jo, Hyeon-Cheol;Jin, Seong-Hyeon;Yu, Pyeong-Jong;Ryu, Byeong-Sun;Jeong, Gi-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.86-94
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to monitor the current status of pesticide residues in agricultural products before auction at whole markets in Busan area from March 2006 to December 2008. Of the 7,237 samples that were analyzed by multiresidue methods, 1,164 samples (16.1%) had pesticide residues and 231 samples (3.2%) exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs). 181 samples of the 231 samples exceeding MRLs were applied to the tentative limits because the use of the pesticides for the agricultural products was not established against the MRLs in the Korea Food Code, and it is equivalent to 78.4%. The order of pesticides exceeding MRLs was endosulfan, procymidone, chlorothalonil, ethoprophos, chlorpyrifos, diethofencarb, kresoxim-methyl and EPN. Of 211 samples with two or more pesticides residues, the residues exceeded the MRLs in 80 samples and it is equivalent to 37.9%. This study results suggested that pesticide residues exceeding MRLs could be attributed to the use of inapplicable pesticides for agricultural products and the use of two or more pesticides.

A Survey on the Pesticide Residues and Risk Assessment for Agricultural Products on the Markets in Incheon Area from 2010 to 2012 (인천광역시 유통 농산물의 최근 3년간의 잔류농약 실태 및 안전성 조사)

  • Kim, Hye-Young;Lee, Soo-Yeon;Kim, Cheol-Gi;Choi, Eun-Jeong;Lee, Eun-Ju;Jo, Nam-Gyu;Lee, Jea-Man;Kim, Yong-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.61-69
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    • 2013
  • BACKGROUND: This survey was done to investigate the pesticide residues and to assess their risk on agricultural products on the Markets in Incheon from 2010 to 2012. METHODS AND RESULTS: The total number of samples were 16,025 for agricultural products and these were analyzed by multi-residue method using GC-ECD/NPD, GC-MS, LC-MS/MS and HPLC-PDA/FLD. The violation rates of the samples over maximum residue limits(MRLs) of pesticide residues established by Korean Food and Drug Administration in the survey of 2010, 2011 and 2012 were 1.2%, 0.8% and 0.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): Of the total violated samples, more than 75% of the rates were recorded from the samples of leafy vegetables. Most commonly encountered agricultural commodities over MRLs were Chwinamul, perilla leaves and crown daisy. The pesticides detected yearly over MRLs during three years were endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, lufenuron, chlorothalonil, flutolanil, procymidone, ethoprophos. Estimated daily intakes compared to acceptable daily intakes, except radish and Welsh onion, is estimated less harm on human in 10 kinds of pesticides which frequently occurred violation.

Pesticide Degradation Activity of Several Isolates of Soil Bacteria and Their Identification (토양에서 분리한 수종 세균의 농약분해력 검정 및 동정)

  • Park, Kyung-Hun;Lee, Young-Kee;Lee, Su-Heon;Park, Byung-Jun;Kim, Chan-Sub;Choi, Ju-Hyeon;Uhm, Jae-Youl
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.138-148
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    • 2006
  • Two bacteria were isolated from the continuously pesticide-used soil under plastic film house and upland condition. The degradation test of several pesticides by the selected bacteria, B59 and B71, were conducted. The degradation rates for 6 pesticides, procymidone, chlorothalonil, ethoprophos parathior, alachlor and pendimethalin, in medium by the isolates were 21.1% to 53.2% higher than non-inoculated medium. Under shaking culture condition, 90% to 95% of procymidone was degraded after 21 days treatment. Parathion was degraded in the range of 60% to 100% by B71 and B59, respectively. Otherwise 70% of alachlor was degraded by the two isolated bacteria during same period. The pH was not significantly affected for degradation of pesticides. The bacterial strains, B59 and B71 was identified as Acinetobacter sp. and as Pseudomonas sp. based on morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics, and identity and similarity of automatic identification system, Biolog and MIDI.