Abstract
In cultivation environment, various pesticides are used and some of them could be volatilized into the air. This could affect farmer's health and also cause environmental pollution. This study was carried out to investigate the volatilization of pesticides, and use the reference data for preventing farmer's pesticide intoxication and securing worker safety. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a lysimeter which was of $1m^2$ area and 1.5 m depth filled with upland soil. The pesticides treated in lysimeter soil were ethoprophos (5.0% GR), diazinon (34.0% EC), alachlor (43.7% EC), metolachlor (40.0% EC), chlorpyrifos (2.0% GR), pendimethalin (31.7% EC), carbaryl (50.0% WP), napropamide (50% WP), tebuconazole (25.0% WP) and imidacloprid (2.0% GR). Each pesticide was treated at a concentration of 770.5 mg based on A.I (%). The recovery of pesticide ranged from 77.4 to 99.3%. The volatilized pesticides in air were collected by personal air sampler with PUF tube at 4 l/min flow rate. In addition, temperature and humidity were measured. The collected samples were extracted using acetone in a soxhlet apparatus for 8 hours. The extracted pesticides were resoluted with acetonitrile and diluted 5 times. It was analyzed with LC-MS/MS. For 720 hours experiment, the largest vaporization amount of each pesticide in air was ethoprophos $15.24{\mu}g/m^3$, diazinon $5.14{\mu}g/m^3$, pendimethalin $2.70{\mu}g/m^3$, chlorpyrifos $1.76{\mu}g/m^3$, alachlor $1.40{\mu}g/m^3$, metolachlor $1.12{\mu}g/m^3$, carbaryl $0.27{\mu}g/m^3$, napropamide $0.22{\mu}g/m^3$, tebuconazole $0.11{\mu}g/m^3$ and imidacloprid $0.05{\mu}g/m^3$. The R value (coefficient of correlation) between volatilization and vapor pressure of pesticides is higher than 0.99. Therefore, there is high correlation between volatilization and vapor pressure of pesticides.
본 연구는 시설하우스에 살포된 농약의 공기 중 시간에 따른 분포 양상을 파악하여 농작업자의 안전성을 확보하기 위한 기초자료로 제공하기위해 수행하였다. 농작물에 많이 사용하는 물리화학적 성질이 다른 농약 10가지 성분을 선정하였으며 라이시미터 밭토양에 살포 후 공기 중으로 휘산된 양상을 720시간 동안 조사하였다. PUF 흡착제와 low volume air sampler를 이용하여 공기 중 농약을 포집한 후 LC-MS/MS를 이용하여 공기 중의 농약을 분석하였다. 720시간 동안 대부분의 농약이 24-48시간 사이에 최대 잔류를 보였다. 증기압이 1 mPa 이상의 농약은 살포 후 120-192시간까지도 공기 중 높은 농도가 지속되는 양상을 보인 반면 증기압이 1 mPa 이하인 경우에는 살포 후 첫 포집 시에 가장 높은 농도를 보이고 그 후로 계속해서 낮아지는 농도를 보였다. 공기 중의 최대 농도는 ethoprophos, diazinon, pendimethalin, chlorpyrifos, alachlor, metolachlor, carbaryl, napropamide, tebuconazole, imidacloprid 순으로 증기압의 높낮음 순서와 거의 일치하여 증기압과 휘산량의 상관관계가 높음을 알 수 있었다.
