• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.66-74
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The importance of the deformities in alar - columellar complex has been underestimated in Asian ethnic groups for the last decades. Fortunately, with increasing familiarity of the open rhinoplasty techniques, the anatomic details of the nasal tip have been pointed up. Definitely, having an interest and demand for improving the sub - normal relationship between the alar rim and columella are indebted for such growing of knowledge about nasal tip anatomy. However, it is true that any single procedure is not settled as versatile and fully confident modality to correct the retracted notching of the alar rim. With this article, I should like to propose another useful option for treating retracted ala. Methods: The author has tried to correct alar rim retraction by means of: (1) Triangular onlay septal cartilage graft on the lower lateral cartilage with the medial end fixed to the anterior surface of the lateral crus(Alar extension graft), (2) Inserting lateral end of the alar extension graft to the vestibular skin pocket in the form of a finger - in - groove, (3) using the vestibular skin in the form of an advancement flap, and (4) using the soft shield graft to prevent possible visible step - off of the alar margin. Results: The author applied an alar extension graft to 16 patients in order to correct a retracted ala for the last 27 months (August, 2003 - October, 2005). The distances from alar rim to long axis of nostril were improved to be within 2 mm in all of the cases, and also the shape of the alar rim changed to a round form. Nostril asymmetry (6%) in one case, temporary palpable step - off (18%) in three cases, temporary visible step - off (6%) in one case, and temporary paresthesia of the tip (25%) in four cases were observed. Conclusion: The alar extension graft is simple and efficacious. It does not need donor sites other than the operative field, and its results are predictable. In particular, since it may give structural intensity to a weak lower lateral cartilage, it may be preferentially used for the correction of a retracted ala that arises from hypoplastic lower lateral cartilage. Moreover intensified lower lateral cartilage also improves the esthetic shape of lobule.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제6권5호
• /
• pp.59-71
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was 1) to analyze the consumers' preference on the recent trend in men's wear according to their lifestyle and 2) to suggest a suitable direction for men's wear planning based on the lifestyle analysis. A survey was applied to obtain the data set responded from 310 male subjects who were aged between thirties and fourties. The main results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) Five types of recent fashion trends were identified through a qualitative analysis on the recent men's wear trend, which were 'Modern classic casual', 'Retro traditional casual', 'Authentic/Ethnic casual', 'Urban dandy street casual' and the 'Refined sportive casual'. 2) The three types of the respondents' lifestyle were identified in this research and named as 'pursuing sense', 'pursuing tradition' and 'conservative indifference'. Examining the preference on fashion trends according to subjects' lifestyle and etc., the preference level of the 'pursuing sense' group on trend was, in general, higher than that of the two other lifestyle groups. The most preferred trend style of 'pursuing sense' group was the 'Modern Classic'. Finally, a suitable direction for men's wear planning was suggested on the result of analysis in this research.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.131-135
• /
• 2004

레트 증후군(Rett syndrome)은 1983년 Andreas Rett에 의해 처음으로 보고되었다. 여성에서 주로 호발하며 다양한 민족에서 발견되는 신경장애 중의 하나이다. 레트 증후군의 가장 특징적인 장애의 양상으로 실행증을 들 수 있으며 성장에 따라 집중해서 보는 듯한 눈을 보이기도 한다. 대부분의 레트 증후군은 자폐, 뇌성마비, 규정되지 않은 발달지체로 오진된다. 레트증후군의 원인은 유전적 요소가 있는 것으로 보이나 아직까지 확실히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 증례에서 레트 증후군 환아는 과개교합으로 인한 상악 구개부의 손상을 주소로 내원하였다. 상악 구개부의 손상을 감소시키기 위해 교합판을 제작하여 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.88-95
• /
• 2006

Analysis of molecular nature of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could be powerful marker for anthropological studies of modern populations. While population genetic studies on mtDNA have been reported for several ethnic groups, no such study has been documented for the Korean population. We surveyed mtDNA polymorphisms in the HVS I of noncoding D-loop region and its upstream region from 430 unrelated healthy Korean population by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and direct sequencing analysis. PCR product with 2,790 bp spanning the specific mtDNA region (mt13715-16504) was subjected to RFLP analysis using 6 restriction enzyme (Hinf I, Hae III, Alu I, Dde I, Mbo I, Rsa I). On the PAUP analysis of PCR-RFLP results, 38 mtDNA haplotypes (Hap 1-38) were detected in the Korean populations, which were classified into 11 haplogroups (Grp 1-11) of related haplotypes encompassing all 38 haplotypes. In comparison of sequencing data with Anderson's reference sequence, the transition type was more prevalent than the transversion type. Insertions or deletions were not found. In addition, three of the polymorphic sites (A16240C, A16351G, G16384A) in HVS-I region are determined newly. The polymorphic sites were distributed randomly in the region, though the frequency at each site was variable. Thus, this research might be required for the genealogical study of Orientals.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2002

Essential hypertension is complex disorder influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Alterations of lipid metabolism in plasma have been reported to be related to an increased risk of essential hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between two SNPs of the human LDL receptor and CETP gene and hypertension in Korean population. There were no significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies of two SNPs in normotensives and hypertensives. With respect to Hinc II RFLP in the LDL receptor gene, pooled odds ratio value indicated the significant heterogeneity among populations studied by meta-analysis (Breslow-Day test df = 2, P<0.05). In the case of Bam HI RFLP in the CETP gene,. our study is the first report of an association between the SNP of the CETP gene and hypertension, although our result failed to demonstrate the significant association between the Bam HI RFLP of the CETP gene and hypertension in Korean population. Further work, using larger sample sizes and various ethnic groups, is required to establish the precise role of these two candidate gene polymorphisms on hypertension.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2012

We compared the dietary behaviors and living habits of Han Children living in both China and Korea to find any influences from the different living environments. Three hundred $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ -grade children in China and two hundred thirty three $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ -grade children in a Chinese school in Korea were surveyed via questionnaire. Mean BMI was higher and sleeping hours were lower in the children living in Korea compared to the children living in China. Mean age and education level of the parents were higher in the children living in Korea. Most of the dietary behaviors discovered via the questionnaire showed similar tendencies in the two groups. However, in terms of skipping breakfast, deviating in food habits, snacking before sleeping, and snacking right after eating a meal, the children living in Korea showed significantly higher frequencies. Also, children living in Korea showed significantly lower frequencies of overeating, snacking while watching TV or using the computer, and eating food when stressed, than children living in China. In living habits, children living in Korea do less regular exercise and use buses or cars more frequently for short distance transportation and spend more time to watch TV or computer than the children living in China. Therefore, it seems that different living environments may somewhat influence the dietary behaviors and living habits of children even if they have the same ethnic background.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 2003

We analyzed seven Y chromosome binary markers (YAP, RPS4Y_711,\;M9,\;M175,\;LINE1,\;SRY_+465$ and 47z) in samples from a total of 254 males from Koreans and tow Mongolian ethnic groups (Buryat and Khalkh) to study the genetic relationship among these populations. We found eight distinct Y haplogroups constructed from the seven binary markers. Haplogroup DE-YAP was present at extremely low frequencies (∼2%) in the Korean and Mongolian populations. This result is consistent with earlier reports that showed the YAP+ chromosomes to be highly polymorphic only in populations from Japan and Tibet in east Asia. The observed high frequency of haplogroup $C-RPS4Y_711$ in the Mongolian populations (∼40%) is concordant with recent findings, showing that the $RPS4Y_711$-T chromosomes were distributed at high frequencies in Siberian and Mongolian populations compared with most other populations from east Asia. Thus, the relatively moderate frequency of haplogroup $C-RPS4Y_711$ in Korean (∼15%) can be seen as genetic evidence for probable interaction with Mongolian and/or Siberian populations. In contrast, the majority (∼75%) of modern Koreans studied here had high frequencies of Y chromosome lineages of haplogroup O-M175 and additional haplogroupts that define sublineage of O-M175, which are most likely related with modern populations in China. In conclusion, our data on the Y chromosome haplogroup distribution may provide evidence for interaction between Korean and Mongolian populations, but Korean tend to be much more related with those from southern-to-northern populations of China than to Mongolians in east Asia.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2001

This study was performed to determine the prevalence of hypodontia and hyperdontia of permanent teeth among Korean schoolchildren, and to compare differences in the prevalence between Korea, other country, and other ethnic groups. The sample consisted of 346 girls aged 6.9～0.3 yr and 375 boys aged 6.8～0.4 yr on whom a panoramic radiograph was taken at Yeonchun-Gun community in Korea. The prevalence of congenitally missing teeth (third molars excluded) was 6.7% in boys and somewhat higher, 9.5% in girls, and 8.0% for both sexes combined. On the average, number of missing teeth per affected child was 1.9 teeth. The most commonly congenitally missing teeth were the mandibular second premolar (32.7%), followed by the mandibular incisor (28.7%), the maxillary second premolar (16.7%), and the maxillary lateral incisors (10.2%). The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was 2.1 % in boys, 1.4% in girls, and 1.8% for both sexes combined. The most common supernumerary teeth were the mesiodens (76.9%), followed by the supernumerary premolar (23.1 %). The affected male-female ratio was 1.6: 1.0. The prevalence of congenital missing teeth in this study was similar to in studies of Japanese, Danish, American and German. The frequency of hyperdontia was lower in this study than in studies of Chinese children, Japanese and American.

• 한국가족관계학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.133-155
• /
• 2018

Objectives: This study examined the differences in the intention of having a second child and the related factors among Chinese and Vietnamese migrant women from the perspective of adaptation theory. Methods: Data were drawn from the National Survey on Multi-Cultural Families in 2009 and 2015. Among the total 7,615 married migrant women (Korean-Chinese, Chinese-Han, Vietnamese), those within the age group 20-39 within the first 5 years of marriage who had one child were selected. A frequency analysis, chi-squared test, and logit regression analysis were performed. Results: Different ethnic groups had different reasons for having a second child and the related factors also differed between 2009 and 2015. In 2009, after controlling the related variables, the intention of Korean-Chinese and Chinese-Han married immigrant women to have a second child was higher than that of Vietnamese women, but no such difference was found in 2015. Participation in their local community, first marriage, the gender of the first child, and whether they were living with their parents-in-law were associated with the intention of migrant women having a second child in the 2009 analysis model but these factors were not significant in the 2015 analysis model. In the latter model, the household income, a variable related to economic conditions, has a positive effect on the intention of having a second child. Conclusions: The significance of this study supports adaptation theory by addressing the similarity in the childbirth intention between recently married immigrant women and Korean women.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.234-239
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 언어의 본질인 언어변이의 주된 방향성을 탐색하고 언어변이의 결과로 나타나는 영어의 모든 방언들, 즉 세계영어들을 연구하는 것이다. 특정지역에서 사용되는 지역적, 사회적 방언의 연구인 언어변이의 특성을 규명하기 위하여 하이브리드 언어변이모델을 제안한다. 사회적 거리두기, 대면과 비대면 소통모드, 그리고 언어적 다양성이라는 세 가지 상호영향자의 관점에서 하이브리드 언어변이모델을 제안하고 언어변이의 결과로 나타나는 세계적 영어방언 현상인 세계영어들의 다양성 특질을 연구한다. 세계영어들의 문맥에서 지역화 목적으로 영어가 어떻게 사용되는가를 살펴보면, 사회적 거리두기가 높은 비대면의 상황에서는 다양성이 감소하여 좀 더 표준적이며 글로벌한 영어가 사용되며 변이가 줄어 세계영어들의 확장 속도가 완만해진다. 동시에 지역적인 사용이 줄어들어 의사소통의 오류도 줄어든다. 반면 사회적 거리두기가 낮은 대면의 상황에서는 세계영어들의 확장 속도가 빨라지고 변이의 형태가 다양해지며 의사소통의 오류 또한 증가한다. 이러한 영어변이 현상의 특성을 살펴보기 위하여 세계영어들의 핵심 원이라고 할 수 있는 영국영어, 미국영어, 그리고 캐나다영어의 언어적, 사회적 변이의 사례를 비교 분석한다.