• KSBB Journal
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.167-171
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• 1989

Glucose와 lactose를 이용한 알콜발효에서 Sacchar-omyces cerevisine STV89와 Kluyveromyces fragilis CBS397의 에탄올 내성에 대한 발효온도의 영향에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 최대 비성장 속도와 에탄올 생성 속도는 발효온도에 따라 35$^{\circ}C$까지 증가하였으나 최대 cell 농도와 에탄올 농도는 발효온도 증가에 따라 감소하였다. Cell viability도 역시 발효온도가 낮을수록 향상되었다. 따라서 수행한 실험조건에서 효모의 에탄올 내성은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 가장 우수하였다. 균주의 비교에서 에탄올에 대한 내성이 S. cerevisiae가 K.fragilis보다 동일한 실험조건에서는 더 우수하였으며, 탄소원의 종류에 대한 비교에서 K. fragilis의 에탄올에 할 때보다 더 우수하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.483-488
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• 2009

본 연구는 갈조류인 다시마, 모자반, 톳을 효소적 방법으로 가수분해하여 이를 이용한 바이오 에탄올 생산 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 가수분해 효소 분리 및 바이오 에탄올 생산 실험 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 효소는 해수 및 채취한 갈조류 시료에서 분리하였으며, 갈조류의 주요 다당류인 alginate와 laminaran에 대한 효소 활성을 측정하였다. 또한 다시마, 모자반, 톳에 대한 직접적인 갈조류 가수분해 효과를 확인 하였다. 조효소에 의한 가수분해는 alginate에서 특히 높게 나타났으며, laminaran에서도 일부 활성을 보였다. 갈조류의 전처리에서 환원당의 생성은 외분비 효소와 전체 조효소에서 크게 차이가 없었으며, 기질로는 다시마에서 최대 1.90 g/L로 가장 높게 확인되었다. 모자반과 톳에서의 가수분해가 12 h 안에 완료되는 것에 비해 다시마는 72 h 동안 반응이 지속적으로 일어났다. 에탄올 발효는 환원당 생성량과는 무관하게 나타났는데 이는 전처리 방법에 따라 갈조류 다당류의 가수분해에 미치는 영향이 다르기 때문으로 생각되며, 또한 전처리 과정에서 생성되는 부산물이 영향을 미치기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 갈조류 에탄올 발효에서 기질로 다시마를 이용했을 때 에탄올 생산 수율이 가장 높았다. 다시마를 이용한 발효에서는 발효균주 및 효소처리에 따른 에탄올 생산량이 대략 0.90 g/L로 유사하게 나왔다. 모자반에서의 에탄올 생산은 발효균주를 Saccharomyces cerevisiae로 하였을 때 최대 0.14 g/L로 확인 되었으며, 톳에서는 Saccharomyces cerevisiae를 이용한 발효에서 에탄올생산이 전혀 확인되지 않았으며, Pachysolen tannophilus 에서만 0.09 g/L의 에탄올 생산이 생산되었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2012

Objective : This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Forsythiae Fructus (FF) ethanol extract on inflammatory cytokine production and its underlying mechanisms in mouse macrophages. Methods : Peritoneal macrophages from thioglycollate medium-injected mice were cultured and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) or LPS/interferon(IFN)-${\gamma}$ for cytokine measurement and cellular signaling molecule analysis. Results : FF ethanol extract decreased the levels of secreted tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interleukin(IL)-6 in IFN-${\gamma}$/LPS-stimulated cells in a concentration-dependent manner. FF extract reduced IFN-${\gamma}$/LPS-induced STAT1 phosphorylation and LPS-induced p38 and JNK activation, but not ERK1/2 activity. The extract also inhibited LPS-induced $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation through suppression of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ kinase. Conclusions : These results suggest that FF ethanol extract affects the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 through inhibition of activation of STAT-1, $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, p38, and JNK.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2016

전국에서 수집한 누룩으로부터 50점의 S. cerevisiae 균주를 분리하고 18S rRNA 유전자 영역 중 ITS 단편의 염기서열 분석을 통하여 동정하였다. 누룩에서 분리한 S. cerevisiae 균주 중 MBYK45로 명명된 균주는 대조구 균주 및 누룩에서 분리한 다른 균주들에 비해 맥아당을 이용한 균체성장 및 에탄올 생산성이 우수하였다. MBYK45 균주는 맥아당 농도 20%, 배지 pH 6.0, 배양온도 $35^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 에탄올 생산성이 $3.79{\pm}0.14g^{-1}l^{-1}h^{-1}$로 가장 우수하였고 $110.80{\pm}0.81g/l$ 에탄올을 생산하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 맥아를 원료로 하는 전통주 제조에 적합한 것으로 사료되는 S. cerevisiae MBYK45 균주를 누룩으로부터 분리하였으며 균체성장 및 에탄올 생산을 위한 최적 배양조건을 설정하였다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.81-91
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• 2011

Current fuel ethanol research and development deals with process engineering trends for improving biotechnological production of ethanol. Recently, a large amount of studies regarding the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as a good feedstock for producing fuel ethanol is being carried out worldwide. The plant biomass is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The main challenge in the conversion of biomass into ethanol is the complex, rigid and harsh structures which require efficient process and cost effective to break down. The isolation of microorganisms is one of the means for obtaining enzymes with properties suitable for industrial applications. For these reasons, crude cultures containing cellulosic biomass degrading microorganisms were isolated from rice field soil, cow farm soil and rotten rice straw from cow farm. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xylan and Avicel (microcrystalline cellulose) degradation zone of clearance on agar platefrom rice field soil resulted approximately at 25 mm, 24 mm and 22 mm respectively. As for cow farm soil, CMC, xylan and Avicel degradation clearancezone on agar plate resulted around at 24mm, 23mm and 21 mm respectively. Rotten rice straw from cow farm also resulted for CMC, xylan and Avicel degradation zone almost at 24 mm, 23 mm and 22 mm respectively. The objective of this study is to isolatebiomass degrading microbial strains having good efficiency in cellulose hydrolysis and observed the effects of different substrates (CMC, xylan and Avicel) on the production of cellulase enzymes (endo-glucanase, exo-glucanase, cellobiase, xylanase and avicelase) for producing low cost biofuel from cellulosic materials.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.328-334
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Maca water and/or ethanol extract on the nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells HUVAC and on erectile dysfunction in rats. Maca was extracted due to both solutions, which are water and ethanol. Each Maca extract was applied to HUVAC, and NO production was checked. Additionally, three different dosages (250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg) of Maca ethanol extract was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks. All rats were sacrificed and each sample was collected for analysis. The control rats received only the saline vehicle. The NO production of HUVAC was significantly increased by domestic and homemade Maca water extracted at $60^{\circ}C$ group. Both NO generation and testosterone release were not influenced due to the oral administration of Maca. In the EtOH group rats, the number of sperm was reduced compared to that of the control group. All Maca groups had a high number of sperm and each sperm count had increased as a result of the Maca extract dose. The results of this research suggest that Maca has a positive effect on male erectile dysfunction, which need to be examined further in future studies.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2011

Objective : This study was performed to compare anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and anti-bacterial effects of Cuscutae Semen(CS) extracted with two kinds of solvents, ethanol and distilled water. Methods : Two kinds of CS extractions were prepared 20, 50, 100 ${\mu}l/mg$. The cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-inflammation effect was measured by inhibitory efficacy of NO Production in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-oxidation effect was measured by DPPH Radical scavenging ability in HaCaT cell. The anti-bacterial effect was measured by inhibition zone diameter on Propionibacterium acnes. Results : 1. Two kinds(100 ${\mu}l/mg$) of CS extraction groups had 50% cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cell. 2. All of CS extraction groups were not showed significantly inhibitory effect on NO production. 3. All of CS extracted with ethanol only showed dose-dependently significantly scavenging effect of DPPH radicals. 4. Two kinds of CS extractions did not have a inhibitory effect on Propionibactrium acnes. Conclusion : Two kinds(100 ${\mu}l/mg$) of CS extraction groups have 50% cytotoxicity. Two kinds of CS extractions have not the inhibitory effect on NO production and Propionibactrium acnes. CS groups extracted with ethanol only have a significantly scavenging ability of DPPH radicals. This study suggests that CS extracted with ethanol was effective in anti-oxidation.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.940-948
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the immune activity of Ailantias altissima as an active ingredient on the immune enhancement by mixing ethanol extract with lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The activity of $NF-{\kappa}B/AP1$ transcription factor increased by $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity when mixed with LAB samples rather than with the extract alone. Nitric oxide (NO) production was similar in ethanol extract alone group and LPS treatment group. Mixing Ailantias altissima extract and lactic acid bacteria led to low NO production. The cytokine productivity of $TNF-{\alpha}$ significantly increased in Ailantias altissima extract when treated with LPS, and increased even more when mixed with lactic acid bacteria. The $IL-1{\beta}$ cytokine production was high when the Ailantias altissima extract were treated alone, but no $IL-1{\beta}$ cytokine was produced in the mixtures with isolates. The combination of the ethanol extract of the Ailantias altissima and the lactic acid bacteria was found to be effective in the immune function. Consequently, the ingredient to combine Ailantias altissima extract and lactic acid bacteria can be effectively used for development of the health functional food on the prevention and treatment of hypoimmunities.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2022

Until recently, four types of cellobiose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains have been developed by introduction of a cellobiose metabolic pathway based on either intracellular β-glucosidase (GH1-1) or cellobiose phosphorylase (CBP), along with either an energy-consuming active cellodextrin transporter (CDT-1) or a non-energy-consuming passive cellodextrin facilitator (CDT-2). In this study, the ethanol production performance of two cellobiose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strains expressing mutant CDT-2 (N306I) with GH1-1 or CBP were compared with two cellobiose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strains expressing mutant CDT-1 (F213L) with GH1-1 or CBP in the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of cellulose under various conditions. It was found that, regardless of the SSF conditions, the phosphorolytic cellobiose-fermenting S. cerevisiae expressing mutant CDT-2 with CBP showed the best ethanol production among the four strains. In addition, during SSF contaminated by lactic acid bacteria, the phosphorolytic cellobiose-fermenting S. cerevisiae expressing mutant CDT-2 with CBP showed the highest ethanol production and the lowest lactate formation compared with those of other strains, such as the hydrolytic cellobiose-fermenting S. cerevisiae expressing mutant CDT-1 with GH1-1, and the glucose-fermenting S. cerevisiae with extracellular β-glucosidase. These results suggest that the cellobiose-fermenting yeast strain exhibiting low energy consumption can enhance the efficiency of the SSF of cellulosic biomass.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2023

Objectives: Betula Platyphylla(BP) has been used as a analgesic, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant drug in Eastern Asia. However, it is still unknown whether BP ethanol extract could exhibit the inhibitory activities against ultraviolet B(UVB)-induced skin injury on human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. This study was aimed to investigate the protective activity of BP ethanol extract on UVB-irradiated skin injury in HaCaT cells. Methods: The skin injury model of HaCaT cells was established under UVB stimulation. HaCaT keratinocyte cells were pre-treated with BP ethanol extract for 1 h, and then stimulated with UVB. Then, the cells were harvested to measure the cell viability, production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin(IL) 1-beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-𝛼, hyaluronidase, type 1 collagen, matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)s. In addition, we examined the mitogen activated protein kinases(MAPKs) and inhibitory kappa B alpha(I𝜅;-B𝛼) as inhibitory mechanisms of BP ethanol extract. Results: The treatment of BP ethanol extract inhibited the UVBinduced cell death and ROS production in HaCaT cells. BP ethanol extract treatment inhibited the UVB-induced increase of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-𝛼. BP ethanol extract treatment inhibited the increase of hyaluronidase, MMP and decrease of collagen. BP ethanol extract treatment inhibited the activation of MAPKs and the degradation of I𝜅-B𝛼. Conclusions: Our result suggest that treatment of BP ethanol extract could inhibit the UVB-induced skin injury via deactivation of MAPKs and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-𝜅B) in HaCaT cells. This study could suggest that BP ethanol extract could be a beneficial agent to prevent skin damage or inflammation.