• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2017

To obtain the immunomodulating polysaccharide from chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus sclerotia, IO), crude polysac- charide fractions (IO-M-CP and IO-CP, respectively) prepared from hot-water extract (IO-W) of I. obliquus by EtOH precipitation after MeOH reflux or not. After IO-W was re-dissolved in water followed by EtOH addition in the case without MeOH reflux, EtOH mixture was fractionated into EtOH-soluble (IO-E) and crude polysaccharide (IO-CP). In the meanwhile, MeOH-soluble fraction (IO-M) was separated from IO-W after MeOH reflux. The residue was dissolved in water and was added by EtOH, and then EtOH mixture was also fractionation into EtOH-soluble (IO-M-E) and crude polysaccharide (IO-M-CP). As a result of the macrophage stimulating activity of these fractions, IO-CP and IO-M-CP showed significantly increased cell proliferation and cytokines production than IO-W. Particularly, IO-M-CP promotes the production of IL-12 more than IO-CP. In the splenocytes proliferating activity and intestinal immune system modulating activity through Peyer's patch, both of 2 crude polysaccharide fractions were significantly promoted in cell proliferation and cytokines production than IO-W, and IO-M-CP was more potent than IO-CP in IL-2 production from splenocytes and GM-CSF production ($10{\mu}g/mL$) in Peyer's patch cells. In addition, immunomodulating polysaccharide fractions (IO-M-CP and IO-CP) prepared from IO-W by EtOH precipitation with or without EtOH reflux showed no significant difference in the chemical composition and component sugar. These results suggested that MeOH reflux might exclude low-molecular weight materials from IO-W and consequently increase the immunomodulating activity of IO-M-CP. Therefore, it was confirmed that immunomodulation of polysaccharide prepared from hot-water extract of chaga mushroom was enhanced by fractionation including MeOH reflux and EtOH precipitation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2008

An 80% EtOH extract and the solvent fractions of the seeds of Cornus officinalis were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation and AGEs-induced protein cross-linking in vitro. In vitro assay for AGEs-bovine serum albumin (BSA) formation showed that the 80% EtOH extract, n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH and water fractions significantly inhibited AGEs formation with observed $IC_{50}$ values of 1.13, 17.64, 1.52, 1.24 and $3.27{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In indirect AGEs-ELISA assay, the 800% EtOH extract, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions exhibited more potent inhibitory activity on AGEs-BSA formation than aminoguanidine, a well know AGEs inhibitor. Furthermore, the 80% EtOH extract and all the solvent fractions inhibited concentration-dependently AGE-BSA cross-linking to collagen. The 80% EtOH extract, EtOAc, n-BuOH and water fractions also had a breaking activity against preformed AGE-BSA cross-linking concentration dependently. Thus these results suggest that the 80% EtOH extract and fractions of the seeds of C. officinalis could be an inhibitor as well as breaker of AGE-BSA cross-linking.

• Proceedings of the Culinary Society of Korean Academy Conference
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• 2001.08a
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• pp.29-41
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Prunus mume extracts. Prunus mume extracts have growth inhibitory activity to various microorganisms. Gram positive bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus leteus, Staphylococcus epidrimidis were more easily inhibited than Gram negative bacteria tested Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Yeasts by Prunus mume extracts. Among several fractions of methanol extract, EtOAc & BuOH fractions were showed strong antibacterial activities, but those fractions were not showed on fungi.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.39-46
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• 2017

Objectives : This study aims to provide basic data about Portulacae Herba (PH) extracts as natural antioxidants by considering diverse antioxidant activities of PH depending on solvents. Methods : The samples of PH were pulverized, and A hot water and a 70% EtOH were stir-extracted for two hours three times repeatedly in a water bath with a temperature of 95 degrees and at room temperature respectively to measure 7 kinds of antioxidant activities. Results : There were significant differences in total phenol content, because the total phenol content of the 70% EtOH extract was higher than the hot water extract's, and the total flavonoid content of the 70% EtOH extract($4.40{\mu}g/mg$) was nearly 3.8 times higher than the hot water extract's($1.16{\mu}g/mg$). DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 70% EtOH extract showed a little higher activity than the hot water extract, and at a concentration of $500{\mu}g/mg$, the highest scavenging activity was found in the 70% EtOH extract, not in the control group. Hydroxyl radical and $Fe^{2+}$ chelatingactivities were slightly higher in hot water extract than in 70% EtOH extract, and increased in a dose-dependent manner. Nitrite scavenging activities increased dose-dependently in the hot water and the 70% EtOH extract, regardless of the pH level, and scavenging activity of the 70% EtOH extract was higher at pH 1.2 than at pH 3.0. Conclusions : In conclusion, it is thought that PH hot water and 70% EtOH extract have antioxidant activities, and can be used as natural antioxidants in future.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.49-49
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• 2021

The roots of reed (Phragmites australis) were used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory problems, including symptoms such as high fever and cough. In this study, we identified the active ingredient from 70% EtOH reed root extract, and evaluated the whitening, wrinkle improvement and moisturizing effects. The content of p-coumaric acid, the active ingredient of the roots of P. australis, was slightly lower in 70% EtOH extract than in 100% EtOH extract. However, 70% EtOH reed root extract showed similar or higher effect in reducing power, DPPH, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and nitric oxide scavenging activity compared to 100% EtOH extract. Moreover, 70% EtOH reed root extract markedly inhibited melanogenesis in B16F10 cells treated with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. 70% EtOH reed root extract significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and reduced elastase activity in HDF human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, 70% EtOH reed root extract ameliorated hyaluronic acid synthase-2 (HAS-2) expression induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) stimulation in HaCaT keratinocytes. The results of this study suggest that 70% EtOH reed root extract has potential as a functional cosmetic material related to whitening, wrinkle improvement, and moisturizing.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.246-251
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• 2009

This study examined the possible hypoglycemic effects Angelica gigas Naki extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats(STZ+50%, STZ+100% EtOH and STZ+water). The studies showed that administration of the Angelica gigas Naki extract decreased high blood glucose levels(more than 300 mg/$d{\ell}$) to a normal level(104 mg/$d{\ell}$) in the STZ+50% EtOH group. Liver glucokinase levels were significantly increased in STZ+50% EtOH and STZ+100% EtOH groups compared to the STZ group. Moreover, the liver acetyl CoA carboxylase level was significantly increased in STZ+50% EtOH, STZ+100% EtOH and STZ+water groups compared to the STZ group. These results suggest that the Angelica gigas Naki extract in the STZ+50% EtOH group exerted an ameliorable effect and can be used as an anti-diabetic substance, either as a dietary supplements or as a new drug.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.349-354
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• 1984

The relative viscosities and the osmotic coefficients of alkaline metal iodides (NaI, KI, RbI, CsI) in methanol, ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and sulfolane (TMS) have been measured by Ubbelohde viscometer and vapor pressure osmometry at 45 ∼ $120^{\circ}C.$ The order of A and B coefficients in viscosity for alkaline metal iodides are MeOH > EtOH > TMS > DMSO, and TMS > EtOH > DMSO > MeOH. dB/dT values for the alkaline metal iodides are in the order of NaI > KI > RbI > CsI in the protic solvents, while those for the aprotic solvents are in the reverse order. The order of the osmotic coefficients for the alkaline metal iodides is EtOH > DMSO > MeOH > TMS.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.343-348
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• 2009

The aim of the study was to assess the cosmeceutical activity of Kalopanax septemlobus leaf and it is possible that can be used as a cosmetic ingredient for applicaiton of cosmetic industries. The concentration of total phenolic compound of hot water and 70% EtOH extracts of K. septemlobus leaf showed 104 mg/L and 125 mg/L respectively. In the result of DPPH(1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl -hydrazyl) scavenging radical activity, 70% EtOH extracts of K. septemlobus leaf showed 93.1% and it was similar to BHA(butylated hydroxyanisole) effect at 1,000ppm concentration. Xanthine oxidase inhibition of hot water extracts and 70% EtOH extracts of K. septemlobus leaf were 46.6% and 60.4% at 1,000ppm, respectively. In these results, K. septemlobus leaf has a great potential as a cosmeceutical ingredient with a natural anti-oxidant source.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity of pancreatic lipase in vitro using natural products sangju dungsi, chungdo bansi, kabju baekmok three kind of young persimmon fruit extracts and to develop a high - functional anti - obesity substance with reduced body fat. Methods : The antioxidative effect of the three kind of young persimmon fruit extracts was determined by hot water extraction, 30% EtOH extraction and 70% EtOH extraction. The antioxidant activities were evaluated through radical scavenging assays using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals. Furthermore, we examined total phenol and flavonoids contents. And the pancreatic lipase inhibition was measured by selecting the sangju dungsi extract with antioxidant effect. Results : The yield of water, 30% and 70% EtOH extract from young persimmon fruit was sangju dungsi (water 8.3%, 30% EtOH 18.1%, 70% EtOH 16.9%), chungdo bansi (water 16.2%, 30% EtOH 16.1%, 70% EtOH 11.6%), kabju baekmok (water 16%, 30% EtOH 16.8%, 70% EtOH 11.5%). The sangju dungsi 30% EtOH extract eminent DPPH ($IC_{50}$, $19.25{\pm}2.94{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and ABTS ($IC_{50}$, $19.94{\pm}4.07{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) radical scavenging activity, and total phenol $52.37{\pm}0.78mg/g$ and flavonoid $7.97{\pm}0.13mg/g$ contents were also excellent. It also showed excellent pancreatic lipase inhibition efficacy. Conclusion : The extracts from the three kind of young persimmon fruit extracts showed excellent antioxidant activity. sangju dungsi 30% EtOH extract may be a new anti-obesity material by reducing fat absorption through the inhibition of pancreatic lipase.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.243-247
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• 2009

The usage of ethanol (EtOH)-blended gasoline (gasohol), has been increasing in recent years. EtOH has influence on the distribution and biodegradation of aromatic compounds such as BTEX (benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (B), and xylene (X)) that are gasoline compositions. In this study, the effect of EtOH on the aerobic biodegradation of B, T and E was investigated using a BTEX and EtOH-degrading bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. EH831. The degradation rates of B in the conditions of 1:1, 1:4, and 1:0.25 mixtures with EtOH (B:EtOH, mol:mol) were ranged from $3.82{\pm}0.20$ to $5.00{\pm}0.37{\mu}mol{\cdot}g-dry$ cell wight $(DCW)^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$. The degradation rate of T was the fastest in the 1:0.25 mixture ($6.63{\pm}0.06{\mu}mol{\cdot}g-DCW^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$), and it was the lowest in the 1:4 mixture ($4.41{\pm}0.04{\mu}mol{\cdot}DCW^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$). The degradation rates of E were increased with increasing the addition amount of EtOH: The degradation rate of E was the highest in the 1:4 mixture ($1.60{\pm}0.03{\mu}mol{\cdot}g-DCW^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$), and the rates were $1.42{\pm}0.06$, $1.30{\pm}0.01$, and $1.01{\pm}0.30{\mu}mol{\cdot}g-DCW^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ in the 1:1, 1:0.25, 1.0 mixtures, respectively. In conclusion, the biodegradation of B, T, E by Rhodococcus sp. EH831 was not significantly inhibited by the co-existence of EtOH.