• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.223-224
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• 2002

This study is motivated by the discrepancies found in previous studies that compared the observed photochemically reactive species in the marine boundary layer (MBL) with the model simulations. In particular, HCHO was underpredicted in PEM-Tropics (B) and overpredicted in TRACE-A, $H_2O$$_2$ overpredicted, $CH_3$OOH overpredicted, and $CH_3$OH significantly overpredicted (Thompson et al., 1993; Heikes et at., 1996; Davis et al., 1996; Jacob et al., 1996; Schultz et al., 1997; Suhre et al., 1998). (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.257-277
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• 2007

We carried out a phytosociological study on pine forests in Korea with the method of Zurich-Montpellier School. We collected the data of 252 $relev{\acute{e}}s$ from 45 sites in the pine forests throughout the Korean Peninsula and its attached islands. The vegetation of the pine forests was classified into one association, three communities and seven subcommunities as follows: A: Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora community, A-1: Typical subcommunity, A-2: Vaccinium korean urn subcommunity, A-3 : Rhododendron micranthum subcommunity, B: Quercus serrata-Pinus densiflora community, B-1: Typical subcommunity, B-2: Juniperus rigida subcommunity, B-3: Styrax japonica subcommunity, B-4: Eurya japonica subcommunity, C: Saso-Pinetum densiflorae Yim et al. 1990, and D: Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii-Pinus densiflora community. The former three communities were integrated into the Lindero-Quercion mongolicae Kim 1990 em. 1992. The Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii-Pinus densiflora community remained to be studied in future to determine the association. The communities of Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora community was distributed throughout the montane zone in central-northern part of the Korean Peninsula. Quercus serrata-Pinus densiflora community occupied widely in the sub-montane and hilly areas in central and Southern Korean Peninsula. The association of Saso-Pinetum densiflorae was found in Cheju Island. Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii-Pinus densiflora community were distributed in the warm-temperate zone including islands off the south-west coast of the Peninsula.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1368-1373
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• 2007

Inhibitory effects of several solvent fractions from soybean on mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 in Ames test and growth of human cancer cells (AGS gastric adenocarcinoma, Hep 3B hepatocellular cancinoma and HT-29 colon cancer cells) were studied. The treatment of dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions (2.5 mg/assay) extracted from soybean to Ames test system inhibited aflatoxin $B_1\;(AFB_1)$ induced mutagenicity by 83%, respectively, and showed a higher antimutagenic effect than other solvent fractions. In case of N-methyl-N#-nitro-N-nitrosoguamidine (MNNG) induced mutagenicity, the ethylacetate fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect (by 67%) among solvent extracts, although the inhibitory effect was not stronger compared with $AFB_1$ induced mutagenicity. In sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, the treatment of ethylacetate fraction (2 mg/assay) significantly inhibited the growth of AGS, Hep 3B and HT-29 cancer cells by 66%, 73% and 77%, respectively, followed with the intermediate and dichloromethane fractions. These results indicated that soybean fraction extracted with ethylacetate had higher inhibitory effects on $AFB_1$ and MNNG in Ames test and growth inhibition activity to human cancer cells was appeared, suggesting that soybean fraction extracted with ethylacetate may contain the biologically active compounds.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.149-163
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• 2004

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component of the hydrologic cycle which influences economic activities as well as the natural ecosystem. While there have been numerous studies on ET estimation for homogeneous areas using point measurements of meteorological variables, monitoring of spatial ET has not been possible at landscape - or watershed - scales. We propose a site-specific application of the land surface model, which is enabled by spatially interpolated input data at the desired resolution. Gyunggi Province of South Korea was divided into a regular grid of 10 million cells with 30m spacing and hourly temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation and solar irradiance were estimated for each grid cell by spatial interpolation of synoptic weather data. Topoclimatology models were used to accommodate effects of topography in a spatial interpolation procedure, including cold air drainage on nocturnal temperature and solar irradiance on daytime temperature. Satellite remote sensing data were used to classify the vegetation type of each grid cell, and corresponding spatial attributes including soil texture, canopy structure, and phenological features were identified. All data were fed into a standalone version of SiB2(Simple Biosphere Model 2) to simulate latent heat flux at each grid cell. A computer program was written for data management in the cell - based SiB2 operation such as extracting input data for SiB2 from grid matrices and recombining the output data back to the grid format. ET estimates at selected grid cells were validated against the actual measurement of latent heat fluxes by eddy covariance measurement. We applied this system to obtain the spatial ET of the study area on a continuous basis for the 2001-2003 period. The results showed a strong feasibility of using spatial - data driven land surface models for operational monitoring of regional ET.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.35.1-35.7
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• 2018

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effects of Fucofuroeckol-A isolated from Eisenia bicyclis against tyrosinase activity and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-induced melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Result: Among the ethanolic (EtOH) extract of E. bicyclis and its organic solvent fractions, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) soluble fraction showed a noticeable inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase with an $IC_{50}$ value of $37.6{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/mL$. Repeated column chromatography of the active EtOAc fraction resulted in the isolation of Fucofuroeckol-A. It evidenced more potent tyrosinase inhibitory effect with an $IC_{50}$ value of $11.4{\pm}1.4{\mu}M$ than arbutin ($IC_{50}=1076.6{\pm}44.3{\mu}M$), which was used as a positive control. Lineweaver-Burk plots suggest that Fucofuroeckol-A plays as a noncompetitive inhibitor against tyrosinase. Furthermore, we have evaluated the inhibitory effects of Fucofuroeckol-A on IBMX-induced melanin formation in B16F10 melanoma cells. Fucofuroeckol-A ($12.5-100{\mu}M$) exhibited a significant inhibition of melanin production in the melanoma cells. Conclusion: In the present study, we suggested that Fucofuroeckol-A might prove possibility as a novel inhibitor of melanin biosynthesis in cosmetic applications.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2015

Cnidium monnieri (L). Cussion is used as a tonic agent in traditional oriental medicine. However, the molecular mechanism of mast cell-mediated anti-inflammatory modulation has not been fully understood. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the effects of Cnidium monnieri (L). Cussion eathyl acetate fraction on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as to elucidate its mechanism of action in the human mast cell line (HMC-1). Cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus A23187 in the presence or absence of Cnidium monnieri (L). Cussion eathyl acetate fraction. Cnidium monnieri (L). Cussion eathyl acetate fraction significantly inhibited the PMA plus A23187-induction of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. Moreover, EtOAc fraction attenuated cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression. In activated HMC-1 cells, phosphorylation of extra-signal response kinase (ERK) 1/2 decreased after treatment with EtOAc fraction. Moreover EtOAc fraction inhibited PMA plus A23187-induced nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$ activation, $I{\kappa}B$ degradation. EtOAc fraction suppressed the expression of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, IL-8 through a decrease in the ERK 1/2, as well as activation of NF-${\kappa}B$. These results indicated that Cnidium monnieri (L). Cussion EtOAc fraction exerted a regulatory effect on inflammatory reactions mediated by mast cells.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.3B
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• pp.233-242
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• 2010

SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) developed by Bastiaanssen (1995) is an image-processing model comprisedof twenty-five sub models that calculates spatial evapotranspiration (ET) and other energy exchanges at the surface. SEBAL uses image data from Landsat or other satellites measuring thermal infrared radiation, visible and near infrared. In this study, the model was applied to Gyeongancheon watershed, the main tributary of Han river Basin. ET was computed on apixel-by-pixel basis from an energy balance using 4 years (2001-2004) Landsat and MODIS images. The scale effect between Landsat (30 m) and MODIS (1 km) was evaluated. The results both from Landsat and MODIS were compared with FAO Penman-Monteith ET. The absolute errors between satellite ETs and Penman-Monteith ET were within 12%. The spatial and temporal characteristics of ET distribution within the watershed were also analyzed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.318-323
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• 2012

This study involved observation of the inhibitory effect of 70% EtOH and water extracts from Doinseunggitang on melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activity, and western blotting using B16F10 melanoma cells. Doinseunggitang extracts inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a dependent manner. As a result, it was found that Doinseunggitang 70% EtOH extracts inhibit melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity, respectively, by 40% and 51%. In addition, western blotting analysis showed that 70% EtOH extracts inhibited tyrosinase, MITF, TRP-1, and TRP-2 expression. These results show that 70% ethanol extracts of Doinseunggitang could be developed as a skin whitening material in cosmetics.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.113-118
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• 2016

Hydatidosis has become a real concern for health care institutions and animal rearers in Tunisia. The Tunisian endemicity is aggravated by the growing number of dogs and the difficulty of getting rid of contaminated viscera because of the lack of equipment in most slaughterhouses. Therefore, microscopic and molecular tools were applied to evaluate the role of slaughterhouses in canine infection and Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.) egg dissemination. Exposure risk to E. granulosus s. l. eggs in urban and rural areas was explored in order to implant preventive and adapted control strategies. Microscopic examinations detected taeniid eggs in 152 amongst 553 fecal samples. The copro-PCR demonstrated that 138 of 152 taeniid samples analyzed were positive for E. granulosus s. l. DNA. PCR-RFLP demonstrated that all isolated samples belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto (s. s.). An important environmental contamination index (25.0%) by E. granulosus s. l. eggs was demonstrated. The average contamination index from the regions around slaughterhouses (23.3%; 95% CI: 17.7-28.9%) was in the same range as detected in areas located far from slaughterhouses (26.0%, 95% CI: 21.3-30.8%). Echinococcosis endemic areas were extended in both rural (29.9%, 95% CI: 24.8-34.9%) and urban locations (18.1%, 95% CI: 13.0-22.9%). The pathogen dissemination is related neither to the presence/absence of slaughterhouses nor to the location in urban or rural areas, but is probably influenced by human activities (home slaughtering) and behavior towards the infected viscera.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.140-144
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• 2016

The gene encoding chondroitinase ABC from a genomic library of Bacteroides stercoris HJ-15, which was isolated from human feces, was cloned. The cloned gene consisted of 3,090 bp and was predicted to encode a 1,029−amino-acid protein. The B. stercoris chondroitinase ABC gene was not homologous to other chondroitinase ABC genes; however, its amino acid sequence showed 71% homology to that of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. The gene was cloned in the pET-26b+ expression vector and expressed under the T7 promoter in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The purified recombinant chondroitinase ABC degraded chondroitin sulfates A, B, and C.