• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.541-550
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• 2008

In this investigative study, the unit mass discharge for the major water quality parameters such as flowrate, SS, BOD, CODmn, CODcr, TN, TP from textile spinning/weaving industry nearby Nakdong river basin was estimated. To represent the respective industries, three companies from hundreds of textile spinning/weaving industries located in Nakdong river basin was carefully selected based on its manufacturing goods, flowrate and location for the estimation of unit mass discharge based on unit operation and process. There was a drastic decrease of unit mass discharge estimation between influents and effluents of water quality parameters, which represents the removal capacity of wastewater treatment plant. With the advent of new regulation on the imposed payment proportional to the total amount of pollutants discharge into the water body, the concept of cleaner production technology should be employed in the unit operation/process in wastewater treatment plant as well as textile manufacturing procedure to minimize the levy on the pollutants discharge. Unit mass discharge estimations of unit process (estimated in this study) in major water quality parameters (SS, BOD, COD, TN and TP) based on land were similar to those of composite process (estimated by National Institute of Environmental Research). But the unit mass discharge estimations of unit process in BOD and CODmn based on total sale were much higher than those of composite one while in SS, TN and TP similar to each other. For the detailed estimation of the imposed payment, unit mass estimation based on unit process should be further emphasized.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2001

Symmetric estimation and recursive mean adjustment are considered to construct tests for the doble unit root hypothesis for both parametric and semiparametric time series models. It is shown that simultaneous application of symmetric estimation and recursive mean adjustment yields the most powerful test. Moreover, size property of the semiparametric test based on the simultaneous application is bet among all semiparametric tests.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2012

The current dual-watchdog estimation system has individually calculated the construction, the engineering and the procurement cost. The dual-watchdog estimation system is inefficient and prolonged estimation period because of the lack of the interoperability and the difference of material unit cost and construction unit cost. In order to resolve this problem, new estimation software was developed. The estimation software is developed by making up for the weak points in existing estimation method. The cost data with the same standard is the key point. And this software enhanced accuracy and speed of the data search in stylized estimation standard. A summary of the construction, the engineering and the procurement cost was generated in this estimation software. The unit rate about the labor cost, equipment and expense through a sheet was handled. The developed estimation software has five categories on engineering cost, procurement cost, construction cost and subcontractor management sheet. In this study, the estimation software to supplement the faults of the existing estimation method was developed. And estimation software on petrochemical projects increases an efficiency of the estimation work.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(2)
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• pp.585-588
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• 2004

This paper describes design and verification of the motion estimation and compensation unit using full search algorithm. Video processor is the key device of video communication systems. Motion estimation is the key module of video processor. The technologies of motion estimation and compensation unit are the core technologies for wireless video telecommunications system, portable multimedia systems. In this design, Verilog simulator and logic synthesis tools are used for hardware design and verification. In this paper, motion estimation and compensation unit are designed using FPGA, coded in Verilog HDL, and simulated and verified using Xilinx FPGA.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2009

실적공사비 적산방식은 품셈견적, 실측견적, 단가견적, 및 총액견적 등 매우 다양하다. 표준품셈은 공공기관 및 민간기관의 공사비 책정기준이 되는 자료이다. 본 논문에서는 도로공사에 이용되는 기존 품셈견적의 문제점을 개선하기 위해 현장조사를 실시하고 분석하였으며 그 결과로 각 공종에 대한 실측견적 방법을 통계적 방법을 통해 제시하였다. 또한, 기존 품셈과 실측품셈을 공사단위의 비교를 통해 제안된 품셈이 보다 간단한 견적 작성을 가능하게 하고 보다 현실적인 공사금액을 산출함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 보조기층의 Case-Study를 통하여 각 방식별 장단점을 가시적으로 비교해 보았다. 실측품셈으로 적용하였을 경우, 계산과정은 기존품셈의 50%로 축소되었으며 1일 1장비 사용으로 기존의 1일미만 장비 사용에 대한 편차가 보완되었다. 또한 품셈만을 이용하여 공정의 시공내용을 짐작하고 이를 바탕으로 공정계획이나 인력투입계획 등을 수립할 수 있었다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.894-900
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• 2005

A new approach to the straightforward implementation of the unscented filter in a unit quaternion space is proposed for spacecraft attitude estimation. Since the unscented filter is formulated in a vector space and the unit quaternions do not belong to a vector space but lie on a nonlinear manifold, the weighted sum of quaternion samples does not produce a unit quaternion estimate. To overcome this difficulty, a method of weighted mean computation for quaternions is derived in rotational space, leading to a quaternion with unit norm. A quaternion multiplication is used for predicted covariance computation and quaternion update, which makes a quaternion in a filter lie in the unit quaternion space. Since the quaternion process noise increases the uncertainty in attitude orientation, modeling it either as the vector part of a quaternion or as a rotation vector is considered. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed approach successfully estimates spacecraft attitude for large initial errors and high tip-off rates, and modeling the quaternion process noise as a rotation vector is more optimal than handling it as the vector part of a quaternion.

• 한국조사연구학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조사연구학회 2001년도 춘계학술논문발표대회 발표논문집
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• pp.57-70
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• 2001

단위 무응답 상황에서의 사후층화 추정, 회귀 추정, 보정 추정 또는 일반화 래킹 추정을 포함하는 다양한 추정 방법에 대해 살펴보았다. 이러한 모든 방법들은 무응답하에서 보정 추정의 일반적인 형태로 나타나며, 또한 이들은 주어진 범주형 보조변수하에서의 사후층화 이론에 기초를 두고 있다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.52-65
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• 1984

In general precise estimation of hourly of daily distribution of the long-term run-off should be very important in a design of source of irrigation. However, there have not been a satisfying method for forecasting of stationar'y long-term run-off in Korea. Solving this problem, this study introduces unit-hydrograph method frequently used in short-term run-off analysis into the long-term run-off analysis, of which model basin was selected to be Sumgin-river catchment area. In the estimation of effective rainfall, conventional method neglects the Soil moisture condition of catchment area, but in this study, the initial discharge (qb) occurred just before rising phase of the hydrograph was selected as the index of a basin soil moisture condition and then introduced as 3rd variable in the analysis of the reationship between cumulative rainfall and cumulative loss of rainfall, which built a new type of separation method of effective rainfall. In next step, in order to normalize significant potential error included in hydrological data, especially in vast catchment area, Snyder's correlation method was applied. A key to solution in this study is multiple correlation method or multiple regressional analysis, which is primarily based on the method of least squres and which is solved by the form of systems of linear equations. And for verification of the change of characteristics of unit hydrograph according to the variation of a various kind of hydrological charateristics (for example, precipitation, tree cover, soil condition, etc),seasonal unit hydrograph models of dry season(autumn, winter), semi-dry season (spring), rainy season (summer) were made respectively. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows; 1.During the test period of 1966-1971, effective rainfall was estimated for the total 114 run-off hydrograph. From this estimation results, relative error of estimation to the ovservation value was 6%, -which is mush smaller than 12% of the error of conventional method. 2.During the test period, daily distribution of long-term run-off discharge was estimated by the unit hydrograph model. From this estimation results, relative error of estimation by the application of standard unit hydrograph model was 12%. When estimating by each seasonal unit bydrograph model, the relative error was 14% during dry season 10% during semi-dry season and 7% during rainy season, which is much smaller than 37% of conventional method. Summing up the analysis results obtained above, it is convinced that qb-index method of this study for the estimation of effective rainfall be preciser than any other method developed before. Because even recently no method has been developed for the estimation of daily distribution of long-term run-off dicharge, therefore estimation value by unit hydrograph model was only compared with that due to kaziyama method which estimates monthly run-off discharge. However this method due to this study turns out to have high accuracy. If specially mentioned from the results of this study, there is no need to use each seasonal unit hydrograph model separately except the case of semi-dry season. The author hopes to analyze the latter case in future sudies.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.165-187
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• 1998

Shin and Sarkar (1993, 1994) studied the problem of testing for a unit root in an AR(p) signal observed with MA(q) noise when the MA parameters are known. In this paper we consider the case when the MA parameters are unknown and to be estimated. Test statistics are defined using unit root parameter estimates based on three different estimation methods of Hannan and Rissanen (1982), Kohn (1979) and Shin and Sarkar (1995). An AR(p) process contaminated by MA(q) noise is a .estricted ARMA model, for which Shin and Sarkar (1995) derived an easy-to-compute Newton- Raphson estimator The two-stage estimation p.ocedu.e of Hannan and Rissanen (1982) is used to compute initial parameter estimates in implementing the iterative estimation methods of both Shin and Sarkar (1995) and Kohn (1979). In a simulation study we compare the relative performance of these unit root tests with respect to both size and power for p=q=1.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.86-100
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• 2008

It is needed to classify the kinds of construction and demolition(c&d) debris to 6 catagories of waste concrete, waste asphalt concrete, waste wood, scraps, combustible waste and incombustible waste in order to properly do a separate discharge and to estimate unit generation rate in construction site. Also, in this case, the unit treating cost for mixed wastes should be applied with the unit treating cost for combustible waste. The construction standard materials estimation data is used for basic data for estimating unit generation rate. The mixed wastes in this data should be classified to waste wood, combustible waste and incombustible waste, and their ratio is obtained by using the unit generation rate of Asia Pacific Environment and Management Institute and Seoul Metropolitan Development Institute. The waste amounts generated from newly-built construction can be obtained from multiplying the loss rate by the amount of materials used from construction standard estimation data. Also, those from dismantling construction can be obtained by subtracting waste amount generated during newly-built construction from total input amount of materials in newly-built construction. Those in two cases can be used in construction site. It can be used for estimating the amount generated and establishing the treating plan in the case of setting up the policy of waste management and doing the environment impact assessment.