• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제14권8호
• /
• pp.3168-3186
• /
• 2020

Automatic topic essay generation (TEG) is a controllable text generation task that aims to generate informative, diverse, and topic-consistent essays based on multiple topics. To make the generated essays of high quality, a reasonable method should consider both diversity and topic-consistency. Another essential issue is the intrinsic link of the topics, which contributes to making the essays closely surround the semantics of provided topics. However, it remains challenging for TEG to fill the semantic gap between source topic words and target output, and a more powerful model is needed to capture the semantics of given topics. To this end, we propose a pretraining-based contextual self-attention (PC-SAN) model that is built upon the seq2seq framework. For the encoder of our model, we employ a dynamic weight sum of layers from BERT to fully utilize the semantics of topics, which is of great help to fill the gap and improve the quality of the generated essays. In the decoding phase, we also transform the target-side contextual history information into the query layers to alleviate the lack of context in typical self-attention networks (SANs). Experimental results on large-scale paragraph-level Chinese corpora verify that our model is capable of generating diverse, topic-consistent text and essentially makes improvements as compare to strong baselines. Furthermore, extensive analysis validates the effectiveness of contextual embeddings from BERT and contextual history information in SANs.

• 영어영문학
• /
• 제64권2호
• /
• pp.219-238
• /
• 2018

This essay examines the first-generation Korean American writer, No-Yong Park's falsehoods about his ethnic identity to suggest how and why he passed for Chinese, and to explore the political, anti-Japanese implications of these actions. The essay first identifies erroneous information circulating about his biographical background, presents some other materials that help us better understand the context in which he forged his Chinese identity, and then examines how he represented himself as Chinese in his published works. I would argue that Park's self-identification as Chinese was a resulting outcome of his naturalization caused by the Japanese colonial power in Korea and also one of his surviving strategies in the racist environment within American society. Looking at some of his works-including Making a New China (1929), An Oriental View of American Civilization (1934), Chinaman's Chance: Autobiography (1940)-and examining how he represented Korea and its people reveal how he tried to raise voice for them. By doing so, this essay illuminates Park's resistance to Japan's colonial discourse and power in Korea while revealing his lifetime passing as Chinese-far from his refusal to belong to the Korean community, or to acknowledge being Korean.

• 영미문화
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.233-249
• /
• 2014

This essay addresses the missing conversation in Keats studies by showing how an enduring mystery of Romantic writing—the medium of poetic process and the physical conditions of enunciation—remains a central question in the Hyperion fragments. It is my argument that the tropes of material textuality prevalent in the Hyperions represent a bold cultural statement in which Keats reacts to the major premises underlying the Romantic culture's notion of poetry as abstraction: the Romantic notion of literary (re)production as a product of the activity of a mind. Keats's self-conscious, symbolic representation of the mechanics of poetry-making can be read as an investigation of the ways in which the Romantics were aware of and even eager to articulate the instabilities of their position on the relations between words and things. This essay does not focus exclusively on the physical embodiment of Keats's work as such, so much as the second-generation Romantic poet's contribution to the Romantics' self-conscious and critical understanding of the depiction, perception and ideologies of their poetry and its mediation.

• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.105-118
• /
• 2006

디자인사의 일반적인 관점에 따르면, 디자인 방법론은 모더니즘 디자인과 관계 속에서 해석되곤 한다. 본 논문은 제 2차 세계 대전 이후 군사 전략.테크놀로지의 연구 과정에서 성장한 사이보그 과학과의 관계에 초점을 맞춰, 디자인 방법론의 전개 과정을 고찰하고자 한다. 특히 그 관계는 크게 두 가지로 정의될 수 있다. 하나는 군사적인 연구 개발 프로젝트를 통해 정립된 오퍼레이션 리서치, 시스템 분석, 시스템 엔지니어링과 같은 시스템 과학이, 디자인의 과학화를 구호로 내걸었던 초기 디자인 방법론 운동에 의해 전유되는 과정이며, 다른 하나는 랜드 연구소를 근거지로 삼아 허버트 사이먼이 개진했던 "문제해결" 과 "인공지능"에 대한 이론들이 시스템 과학 이후의 디자인 방법론의 이론적 전개에 영향을 미치는 과정이다. 본 논문은 방법론 운동이 이와 같은 사이보그 과학과의 관계를 통해, 디자인 프로세스를 자본주의의 생산-소비 사이클의 피드백 루프로, 즉 시장의 보이지 않는 손을 가시화하는 정보 처리 과정으로 재정의 되는 과정을 살펴본다.

• 영미문화
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.53-92
• /
• 2018

This essay aims to examine chick lit written within the Asian American context. For the most part, the chick lit genre has been typically regarded as a site to study contemporary white women's experiences and to debate the genres' credentials as feminist literature. Though some may disagree, there is general consensus that chick lit has fallen out of vogue after reaching its peak in the first decade of the new millenium.; nevertheless, it is being revisited by readers and critics alike as it has recently re-emerged as a location upon which to examine how race and gender inform notions of national belonging and female subject formation in the twenty-first century. To this end, this essay reads Kim Wong Keltner's The Dim Sum of All Things (2004). Keltner's protagonist Lindsey Owyang is yet another twentysomething "chick" looking for love, self, independence, and success in the huge megalopolis of San Francisco. What sets Lindsey apart from the chick prototype is that she is a third-generation ABC (American-born Chinese) and issues relevant to Asian America frequently make their way into Lindsey's narrative. Though it is generally considered as standing a "few notches above the standard chick-lit fare" (Stover n. pag), I would argue that meaningful reflections on many of the major pillars of Asian American literature, history, and cultural politics are glossed over in favor of cursory musings about the daily vicissitudes of Lindsey's life. This essay thus takes to task Ferriss's claim that a "serious" consideration of chick lit "brings into focus many of the issues facing contemporary women and contemporary culture - issues of identity, of race and class, of femininity and feminism, of consumerism and self-image" (2). I contend that a close examination of Keltner's The Dim Sum of All Things discloses that the chick lit format undermines a "serious consideration" of Asian American issues by presenting in particular a highly problematic representation of race and of Asian American femininity.

• 영어영문학
• /
• 제58권6호
• /
• pp.1215-1233
• /
• 2012

This essay is an attempt to critique the notion of hybridity that has so far facilitated a liberal multiculturalist reading of White Teeth. For an alternative framework, it posits the multiethnic subject-making to examine in what ways the novel questions the premises of liberal multiculturalism. In this vein, this study suggests that Smith throws some significant light on the underside of holding multiple racial/ethnic identities while not bypassing its utopian possibilities. In case of the first-generation male characters, their crossracial/homosocial friendship becomes a platform for a mode of egalitarian belonging across the racial divide. It further implies a symbolic union between working-class white and nonwhite immigrant. The younger generation, in contrast, undergoes problems of racial, ethnic, cultural affiliations in far more complicated ways than the older one. Above all, White Teeth demonstrates the subtle workings of liberal multiculturalism, within which the younger characters are constructed to be a multiethnic subject in varied modes. It delineates the formation mainly by exploring the persisting legacies of Britain's imperial history that partake in their subject-making. The novel, in doing so, obliquely suggests that the younger generation is to confront the past that is a seminal part of their present life rather than have the freedom to throw it away to be a carefree member of a multicultural society.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
• /
• pp.349-353
• /
• 2001

Korea has a variety of favorable conditions for utilizing wind as energy. First of all, as a geographical characteristic, it is a peninsular country with its three frontiers surrounded by sea. Such a location makes the country influenced, all the year round, both by sea winds and by seasonal winds, so that it has a good possibility of putting its rich wind resources to use as an energy source. Particularly, in view of the results of observations and analysis of actual data about wind sources, it is quite possible to build wind paver plants in many regions across the country, such as inhabited islands dotted on its southern and western coasts around the Korean peninsular, a number of uninhabited islets attached the main islands, large-scaled reclaimed lands, and major inland areas. In Korea, the attempt to develop the technology of wind paver generation started in the 1970's. It was since 1988, when the Law on the promotion of Alternative Energy Development was enacted, that research and development activities for employing the wind force as a part of energy source have got into full swing. At that moment, however, due to the low level of domestic technological development, such efforts were mainly focused on the attainment of basic technologies with regard to wind power generation. Recently, there have been many noticeable changes in the international as well as domestic environments, such as the conclusion of the International Climate Treaty and the increase in public concerns of natural environment. It is quite possible to predict that the demand for wind paver generation will increase in the near future. Therefore, recognizing that wind, as a clean energy source, can be a promising method for coping with the International Climate Treaty and for replacing the fossil fuel, oil, this essay investigates the development history of wind paver generation systems and the status of technological development in Korea and presents an appropriate model for the development of the paver generation system that can compete with other energy sources.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.163-172
• /
• 2009

문화콘텐츠가 문화산업의 중심으로 부상하면서, 콘텐츠와 이를 활용한 문화산업에 대한 관심이 어느 때 보다 높다. 문화는 기억을 중심으로 이루어지며, 기억을 배제한 문화란 존재할 수 없다. 기억은 개인의 차원을 넘어 집단적, 사회적 기억으로 작용한다. 또한 문화는 기억을 담지할 매체를 필연적으로 요구하는데, 최근의 영상텍스트는 새로운 기억매체로서 주목받고 있다. 이러한 점에서 이 논문은 사회 문화적 기억으로서 '기억'의 의미를 탐색해 보고, 중국 6세대 영화를 중심으로 사회 문화적 기억과 그것을 담지해내는 영상텍스트의 기억복원의 의미를 분석하는 데 초점을 두었다. 또한 '대항기억'으로서 '개인기억'의 문화적 의의를 탐색하고, 이를 통해 기억산업과 콘텐츠의 접합 가능성을 찾아보는 시도를 모색했다. 6세대 영화를 주목한 이유는 중국 당국이 제시하는 '공식기억'에 대항하며 '지하'에서 만들어졌던 이들 영화가 국제적인 영화제에서 괄목한 만한 성과를 획득해 나가고 있기 때문이다.

• 미술이론과 현장
• /
• 제6호
• /
• pp.101-121
• /
• 2008

An artist, Oh Yun(1946~86)'s theory of people's art during his final period is summed up in his essay 'Expansion of Artistic Imagination and World' (1985). Emphasizing the mystic and traditional characteristics of Oh Yun's artistic oeuvre during his final period, some critics focus on Oh Yun's experience of medical treatment and shamanistic custom at Jin Do island, and his belief in Jeung San Do, the dao of Jeung-san, the Ruler of the Universe. However, they forget the practical intention and implication of his theory of art during his final period, which aimed to overcome the contradiction of revelation itself. Oh Yun's essay criticized the loss of artistic imagination and the ignorance of traditional culture that resulted from the elevation of science to a religion, and insisted that the stereotyped idealism, scientism and elitism in art should be overcome in order to recover the full reality in realism and to continue traditional cultures. The essay is comprised of 18 paragraphs. Oh Yun criticized monochromatic art, conceptual art, hyper-realistic art, objet d'art, and neo-dadaist art, saying that they were simply mechanical forms of modern art derived from scientism and a fetishistic lens culture. In addition, he criticized naturalism in art, which had continued as a tendency in the development of western art, for the same reason. He pointed out that even the world of realism had been diminished by elite stereotypes and diagrams. He declared the need to overcome the imitation of shells or stereotyped propaganda, and recover full realism, which seems to have started with a reflective examination of current problems in 'Reality and Utterance', in which he participated. Especially, he thought that universality and the extension of full realism could be achieved by building on the views of traditional cultures, which is meaningful. This logic is same as the theory of epic theatre that Bertolt Brecht(1898~1956) has developed under the ancient Greek masque and Pieter Bruegel the Elder(1525~69)'s story-like picture style. The universality of realism and the extension of acquisition to include incantation art, rather than move toward incantation art, is what Oh Yun intended to propose in 'Artistic Imagination'. This attitude is same as Bertoh Brecht's aesthetic viewpoint in the 1930s. But regrettably, Oh Yun's style wording, which seems covert and far-sighted, is often misunderstood as 'mysticism'. In the flow of people's art in the 1980s, Oh Yun was a traditionalist in a narrow sense, and an realist in a broad sense. However, his critical mind, which comprehends tradition and reality, was attempting to expand universality and extend full realism, and this attempt found many sympathizers and had an influence on the next generation of people's artists, such as "Levee" which is field-centered, to which we should pay attention. This means that while their works thought about 'tradition', we should be careful not to connect them with 'aesthetic conservatism' or 'classical art'. This is the why the meaning of Oh Yun's theory of art during his final period should be closely examined again.

• 산업융합연구
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2022

본 연구는 이용자 중심 관점에서 Z세대의 애플리케이션 사용의 효용성을 분석하여 Z세대에 대한 이해를 돕고 Z세대를 위한 모바일 서비스 마케팅 전략 수립, 교육서비스 개발, 공학교육 등에 필요한 기초 정보를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 Z세대인 대학생의 애플리케이션 사용경험에 대한 에세이를 177건 수집하였고, 토픽모델링을 활용하여 주요 토픽들을 분석하고, 이를 워드 클라우드 분석을 통해 시각화하였다. 연구 결과 주요 토픽들은 이동, 대중교통 등과 같은 '교통', 일정관리, 금융관리, 음식관리 등과 같은 '개인적 관리', 계산, 모임, 구매, 외식 등과 같은 '거래', 여행, 스터디, 문화 등과 같은 '여가활용' 과 관련된 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 시간, 생각, 사람, 생활, 버스, 정보, 확인, 결제, 카카오톡 등의 용어가 높은 빈도를 보였다. 또한, 단과대학별로 분석한 결과 토픽 간 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구는 비정형데이터인 에세이를 수집하여 애플리케이션 효용성을 토픽모델링을 통해 실증적으로 분석하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.