• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제7호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1996

This study intents to provide useful information of effective office works by evaluating existing office work environment. It focuses on evaluating the quality of personal and common work spaces, comparing responses for user groups to their work environment, and identifying factors which affect the satisfaction of work environment . The study is based on the survey which has been answered by 193 respondents from 24 companies (mainly from large corporate companies) in Seoul. This study finds out that noise is the most serious problem in common work space and that environmental comfort and the size of common space are not satisfactory in their effective work. It identifies that open space work environment, which has been expansively provided for a long time, causes noise problem and deprives office workers of privacy and personalization opportunities. The respondents reply that meeting spaces are not enough in number and size and lack of privacy and its adequate quality . They respond that privacy , chair comfortness and storage spaces are important factors for personal work spaces. In order to improve the quality and efficiency of work, this study proposes that companies should provide convenient office facilities which considering human ergonomic and should educate professional facility managers.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.140-150
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• 2004

Repetitive stress injury at the wrist has been reported as a common injury among visual display terminal (VDT) users (i.e., computer users). Adjusting a VDT workstation (computer table and chair) to maintain a correct seated posture while operating a keyboard is perhaps the most frequently recommended preventive solution. This paper proposes an analytical design methodology based on ergonomic design principles for recommending appropriate VDT workstation settings and layout of individual computer accessories on the computer table. The proposed design methodology consists of two interrelated phases: (1) determination of VDT workstation settings, and (2) design of computer accessories layout. Based on the information about the VDT user, dominant task to be performed, typing skill, and degrees of physical and visual interactions between the user and computer accessories, adjustment and layout solutions are recommended to allow having a correct seated posture while minimizing both physical and visual movements. The results from an experiment show that when adjusting the workstation and locating the computer accessories according to the recommendations given by the proposed design methodology, the user's hand movements can be significantly reduced.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.447-454
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• 2015

Objective: The purposes of this study are to survey general and ergonomics relevant patents of major foreign countries, to classify the ergonomics patents into some categories frequently found in the patents lists surfed and to compare the results with those of Korea. Background: Under today's severe competitions between countries and between companies, the intellectual property has never been more important. It is needed to investigate Korea's positions and worldwide status of patent applications and grants for general and ergonomics patents. Method: This study was mainly based on relevant websites surfing such as KIPRIS, FPO, EPO, WIPO, etc. Results: The results showed that while Korea placed fourth in patent applications and grants in 2012, following US, Japan and China, Korea ranked seventh in the number of ergonomics patents. Of the overseas ergonomics patents, the proportion of tool/device was the second highest to category of others, followed by chair/desk, grip/handle and keyboard, etc. Compared to the overseas ergonomics patents, Korea showed a slightly different trend that there were less patents for specific fields of ergonomics such as grip/handle, keyboard, tool/device, etc. Conclusion: The number of ergonomics patents of Korea was behind most foreign countries surveyed in the number of patent applications and grants of, and there were many categories of overseas ergonomics patents. Application: This study would be used as a reference or guideline when developing varying ergonomic products or applying to ergonomics patents.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.36-49
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the work postures and upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders(CTDs) in female medical insurance bill reviewers(n=448). This study included diagnosis for CTDs, anthropometry and job analysis (workstations and posture). The characteristics of subject were 33.6 years of average age and 8.7 years of average work duration. The results were as fallows. Ergonomic conditions of workstation were unsuitable compared with anthropometry result. The height of work surface(79.5 cm) and chair(43.0 cm)were high. work space was small, and legs space under the table was limited. Work postures were awkward compared with recommended neutral postures. Neck flexion($21.0-36.0^{\circ}$), elbow elevation, shoulder abduction ($46.0-47.0^{\circ}$). wrist radial and ulnar deviation, forearm supination and pronation, and wrist repeated motion(12.7-21.5 freq./min) were analyzed as hazardous risk factors by job analysis. The prevalence of CTDs was 32.8 % by medical diagnosis. The prevalence rate of CTDs in hazardous work posture group was significantly greater than safe work posture group both neck-shoulder (relative prevalence = 5.2, p<0.001) and wrist-hand (relative prevalence = 2.5, p<0.05).

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.151-163
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• 1981

This study was to investigate the changes of shape of the surface square measurements, the rate, measurements of expansion and contraction and correlation. In this study was found the following: 1. According to the developmental illustration of the shell it was revealed that there was a great change in the thigh area of the body. When the leg was raised and the waist bent forward the front sections of the abdomen were contracted and the center back of the hip was expanded. 2. It was found that the contraction was present in the girth of the back section and front section was expanded in the rate of the body surface. In the length from the middle waist to hip the front area showed a great deal of contraction the back area of the hip & thigh revealed a great deal of expansion. 3. By the somatometry, the measurements of the expansion and contraction of the body surface, there was a great change in waist and hip. It revealed that the maximum expansions of waist and hip line in the chair were 1.8cm and 4.08cm respectively. Therefor, when slacks are made at least the amount of ease of 1.8cm of waist line and 4cm of hip line must be made and the allowance of the center back of hip area must be made. 4. It revealed that there was a correlation between waist and hip girth.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2008

This paper is the output of a collaborative European project concerning the barrier free accessibility for disabled persons to regional and long distance trains in Europe. Disabled people represent around 13% of the population in Europe. This is approximately 63 million people. The range of disabilities includes people with reduced mobility including wheel chair users, viewing and hearing impaired people and other forms of impairment. Improving accessibility aims at contributing to the provision of public transport services to all citizens in an equitable way. The purpose of the project was to analyse and to evaluate the existing solutions at selected European railways for all required modules at the entrance (doors, information and safety solutions), to derive a design concept, to develop a mock-up in meeting the needs of rail travellers with the above mentioned impairments and to test it with user groups. The project also aims at deriving components for the determination of standards. The EUPAX Design Mock-up test was performed to verify the advantages of the layout of the train segment including the different modules such as access area (including the access door, gaps between platform and train as well as boarding aid devices), entrance vestibule, information systems inside and outside the train, emergency facilities, toilet with all conveniences and the additional test arrangements regarding push buttons, steps and emergency equipment. For this purpose a questionnaire was developed for the assessment of the EUPAX segment and the additional test arrangements. With the help of this questionnaire it was possible to execute a quantitative and qualitative evaluation. During three test phases 67 experts and handicapped persons from 6 countries have evaluated the Industrial Design mock-up based on this questionnaire. The test group covered persons from North (Denmark) to the South (Italy) and from the West (Spain) to the Middle of Europe (Germany). This is especially important for the generalization (harmonisation) of the results for all European countries. According to COST 335 the information for people with reduced mobility should be clear, concise, accurate and timely. So that all information can be received from persons, they must be transferred on at least two of the three possible ways (acoustical, visual, tactile), a so called "2-sense-principle". Based on the results ergonomic specifications/ solutions for the ergonomic design of the access area, the acoustic, visual and tactile information and the emergency devices including the emergency communication system were developed, related to the benefiting passenger groups.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.328-335
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• 2013

본 연구는 치과기공사의 체형에 적합한 인간공학적인 작업 자세를 위한 작업대의 높이를 연구하고 개선방안을 제시하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 경기지역과 충청도에 소재한 대학의 치기공과 3학년 학생 77명을 대상으로 학생의 신장과 몸무게 및 신체치수를 측정하였고 임상실습 시 가장 힘들었던 작업 자세에 대해 조사하였다. 또한 이를 실제작업환경과 비교 분석을 위해 수도권에 위치한 종합병원 치과기공실 2곳과 치과기공소 15곳을 직접 방문하여 의자를 포함한 책상 및 작업대 높이를 측정하여 측정값을 통계학적으로 분석 하였다. 특히 가장 많은 불편을 초래하는 원인 인자에 대해 세부적인 분석을 하였으며 이러한 분석 자료를 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 임상실습 시 가장 불편을 느끼는 작업대는 샌드작업대의 높이로 조사되었고 3학년 학생들의 성별과 불편한 작업대의 선택 항목간과 상관관계는 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 샌드작업대가 불편했던 원인은 권장수치보다 낮은 샌드작업대의 높이 때문인 것으로 추정하였으며, 3학년 학생에게 적합한 샌드작업대의 최적의 높이는 권장치보다 다소 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 샌드작업대의 최적의 높이는 치기공과 3학년 학생의 키에 따라 다소 편차가 있었으며 개수대의 높이는 권장안보다 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 일반적으로 제시되는 권장안은 기본적으로 모든 작업자의 상이한 신장에 균일하게 적용되지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2007

This study is aimed to provide a guide for PC use space in apartment. To achieve this, a design about PC use space which was considered adequate location, area, form was suggested. As methods of the study, survey research method and case study. The survey was taken by five hundred-eighty-nine people who used PCs in apartment from May 2005 to July 2005 in JeJu Special Self-governing Province for an analysis of data. The results of the survey were showed PC use space situation and furnitures layout patterns. The case was classified by unit plans of size, and it showed design example of PC use space. In types of $61{\sim}69$ square meters ($m^2$), PC use space was located in dead-space in the residence with minimum scale, because of $61{\sim}69$ square meters types are smaller than the other types. In types $100{\sim}129$ square meters, PC use space which was divided with a partition panel was located in the livingroom expanding the room space to the balcony. In types of 130 square meters, PC use space was located in the room of sons or daughters which was arranged with other furniture. The adequate area of PC use space is $1.4{\sim}2.2$ square meters, and it should take into account furniture size and human active sphere. And PC use space of form should consider traffic line, personal space and privacy. Besides it is required of ergonomic design in chair, table in its scale. And it is necessary development of systematic furniture for PC use space.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2006년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.86-91
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• 2006

This study is aimed to provide a guide for PC use space in apartment. To achieve this, a design about PC use space which was considered adequate location, area, form was suggested. As methods of the study, survey research method and case study. The survey was taken by five hundred-eighty-nine people who used PCs in apartment from May 2005 to July 2005 in Je-Ju province for an analysis of data. The results of the survey were showed PC use space situation and furnitures layout patterns. The case was classified by unit plans of size, and it showed design example of PC use space. In case of the 20s pyeong(about 3.30 square meters) type, PC use space was located in dead-space in the residence with minimum scale, because of 20s pyeong types are smaller than the other types. In case of the 30s pyeong type, PC use space which was divided with a partition panel was located in the livingroom expanding the room space to the balcony. In case of the 40s pyeong type, PC use space was located in the room of sons or daughters which was arranged with other furniture. The adequate area of PC use space is 1.4$^{\sim}$2.2 square meters, and it should take into account furniture size and human active sphere. And PC use space of form should consider traffic line, personal space and privacy. Besides it is required of ergonomic design in chair, table in its scale. And it is necessary development of systematic furniture for PC use space.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제48권12호
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• pp.893-918
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• 2010

This article is purposed of reviewing the development history of Japanese dental devices and instrument, and their related advertisement activities during the Japanese colonized period in Korea in early 20th century. Japanese dental devices and instrument were redesigned to accommodate their ergonomic shape above the simple imitation, and it implies the excessive desires brought them frustrations. The tragic earthquake on Sep. l, 1923, medical insurance law enforcement on Jan. 1, 1927, celebration of "Cavity prevention Day" started on Jun. 4, 1928, and the attack of Manchuria and China by Japan after 1931, all of these historical incidents become the preliminary requirement for the development of dental devices. On Nov. 1, 1937, Japanese government started to control dental materials, driving the campaigns for excluding foreign products and encourging the use of local products. In 1939, Nakajima dental manufacturers used this political and social atmosphere on their advertisement as saying "Our Nakajima's products have no compromise with the short raw materials, but only commitment to our quality". Since after 1940, the price and supply have been strongly under control, and the control group was appeared to manage all of supply and distribution of raw materials, regular price system, and specifications. At last, the Japanese national power were devastated in its production and distribution capacities, and get to the frustrated period. The main advertised dental devices and instruments in Korea during the Japanese colonized period were 1) dental chair, unit and cabinet, 2) dental x-ray, 3) compressors, 4) dental needles, 5) small instrument and carryon medical(emergency) kit, 6) oral hygiene and pyorrhea alveolaris, infrared rays, sunlight lamp, ultrashort wave treatment devices, 7)crown former, electric furnace, casting machine, articulator, electric lathe, and laboratory equipments, etc.