• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.20-20
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• 2020

Eranthis stellata Maxim. is a perennial plant that grows around the valley. E. stellata is concerned about the decline in natural habitats due to climate change in KOREA, continues to be observed and protected as an endangered species (Least Concrned, LC). Nevertheless, studies on the characteristics of the seeds of E. stellata are insufficient. So, this study analyzed the morphological characteristics and dormancy types of seeds. Seeds of E. stellata was collected in April at Gyeongsangbuk-do Arboretum and kept at 5 ℃ until using. To investigate the morphology of seeds, an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used. GA3 treated or untreated seeds (4 replicates of 25 seeds each) were observed germination and embryo growth for 1 month at 5 ℃ and 25/15 ℃ (12h day/12h night). The seed surface of E. stellata, light brown, was observed as a common characteristic of Eranthis genus, reticulate. The short axis of seeds was 1.11~1.77mm (average 1.44mm), and the long axis was 1.27~1.91mm (average 1.63mm), which was investigated in a slightly round shape (subglose). While no germination was observed at all conditions, Embryo growth was observed at 5 ℃ both in the control group and with GA3treated groups. Thus, seeds of E. stellata are classified as morphological physiological dormancy (MDP), which requires embryonic development and dormant break at the same time. These results can be useful information for determining morphological physiological seed dormancy and germination, and will be an important basic data for seed propagation of E. stellata as a resource.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.105-107
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• 2010

This study was carried out to find specific characters of the seed morphology and anatomy of Korean Eranthis in Ranunculaceae. As a result, E. byunsanensis differs with E. stellata on the basis of presence of unicellular hairs on the seed surface. E. stellata has no unicellular hairs on its seed surface. On the other hand, E. byunsanensis bears such unicellular hairs derived from epidermal cells of the seed surface. Besides other morphological characters used when it was published as a new species, the presence of unicellular hairs on the seed surface strongly supports it as an endemic species of Korea. In addition, to compare the seed morphology of E. pinnatifida and E. pungdoensis, for which mature seeds were not available at this time, an additional study should be conducted in near future.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.873-884
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• 2013

This study was carried out to establish the conservation plan of specific plants by surveying and analyse the individuals and the environment of habitats on specific plants designated by Juwangsan national park office. The specific plants were 14 species including Berchemia berchemiaefolia, Hylotelephium ussuriense, Aristolochia manshuriensis, Lilium cernuum, Thalictrum coreanum, Exochorda serratifolia, Lilium distichum, Aristolochia contorta, Jeffersonia dubia, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Salix chaenomeloids, Eranthis stellata, Scopolia japonica, and Paeonia japonica. The habitats of specific plants were 40 sites including Berchemia berchemiaefolia of 11 sites, Hylotelephium ussuriense of 8 sites, Lilium cernuum and Thalictrum coreanum of each 3 sites, Exochorda serratifolia of 2 sites, and Lilium distichum, Aristolochia contorta, Jeffersonia dubia, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Salix chaenomeloids, Eranthis stellata, Scopolia japonica and Paeonia japonica of each 1 site. The altitude was the most in 300~400 m. In direction, NW was the most, and it showed SW in that order. The slope angle was the most in 0~10%, and the cliff showed in that order. In the results of species composition by stratum layer, Berchemia berchemiaefolia had the most, 15 species, in tree layer. In shrub and herb layer, this had the most as 20 species and 29 species, too. The species that occupied the largest size was Salix chaenomeloids in 2,500 $m^2$, and Jeffersonia dubia showed 1,500 $m^2$ in that order. The conservation of specific plants is to accomplish the ex situ and in situ conservation at the same time.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.378-398
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• 2017

Mt. Deoktaesan(1,113 m) is located in Jinan-gun Baekun-myon and Jangsu-gun Chunchun-myon. Investigated area was decided to include Mt. Deoktaesan, Mt. Seongaksan and its neighbor area, and this study was conducted from March to October, 2015 in 12 days. Based on the voucher, vascular plants in Mt. Deoktaesan were 108 families 341 genera 525 species 4 subspecies 64 varieties 14 forms, totally 607 taxa, which is 12.4% of total Korean flora. Korean endemic plants were 15 species. Among these species, Populus tomentiglandulosa T.B.Lee, Campanula takesimana Nakai and Forsythia koreana (Rehder) Nakai are verified as planted species. Rare and endangered plants of designated by Korea Forest Service were 10 taxa, such as Peucedanum hakuunense Nakai, Paeonia japonica (Makino) Miyabe & Takeda, Koelreuteria paniculata Laxmann, Eranthis stellata Maxim., Eranthis stellata Maxim., Viola albida Palib., Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton, Campanula takesimana Nakai, Tricyrtis macropoda Miq. and Iris ensata var. spontanea (Makino) Nakai, respectively. Phytogeographical special plants were totally 41 taxa, which were grade 17 taxa of garde I, 12 taxa of grade II, 12 taxa of grade III, 8 taxa of grade IV, and 1 taxon of grade V.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.447-469
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• 2011

The flora of Bongamsa (Temple) area, Mungyeong were listed 552 taxa; 99 families, 303 genera, 468 species, 1 subspecies, 70 varieties and 13 forms. Based on the rare plants (IUCN), total 12 taxa; Crypsinus hastatus (Polypodiaceae), Eranthis stellata (Ranunculaceae), Cnidium tachiroei (Umbelliferae), Monotropa hypopithys (Pyrolaceae), Rhododendron micranthum (Ericaceae), Salvia chanroenica (Labiatae), Gastrodia elata (Orchidaceae), etc. Based on the endemic plants, total 11 taxa; Asarum chungbuensis, Aconitum pseudolaeve, Corydalis maculata, Lonicera subsessilis, Aster koraiensis, Saussurea seoulensis, etc. Based on the specific plants by floral region were total 48 taxa (8.7% of all 552 taxa of vascular plants); 2 taxa in class V, 5 taxa (Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Wistaria floribunda, Elsholtzia angustifolia, etc.) in class IV, 10 taxa (Betula davurica, Spiraea chinensis, Acer barbinerve, Vaccinium koreanum, Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica, etc.) in class III, 7 taxa (Potentilla dickinsii, Viola orientalis, Ostericum melanotilingia, Melica nutans, Veratrum parulum, etc.) in class II, 24 taxa (Camptosorus sibiricus, Cephalotaxus koreana, Betula schmidtii, Ilex macropoda, Tilia amurensis, Triadenum japonica, Lobelia sessilifolia, etc.) in class I. Based on the naturalized plants, total 21 taxa (Silene armeria, Oenothera lamarckiana, Symphytum officinale, Erechtites hieracifolia, etc.) and naturalization rate was 3.8% of all 552 taxa of vascular plants. The flora of importance in the Bongamsa, rare plants were Crypsinus hastatus, Eranthis stellata, Gastrodia elata, Monotropa uniflora, Monotropa hypopithys, Rhododendron micranthum and Cnidium tachiroei, Iris ensata var. spontanea in intermediate marsh and alien species classify into planted species of Bongamsa, area for investigation of afforestation and artificial forests, introduced of naturalized plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.71-91
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to offer the raw data for conservation of natural resources by surveying the flora distributed in Juwangsan National Park. The numbers of flora were summarized as 575 taxa; 99 families, 333 genera, 507 species, 4 subspecies, 56 varieties and 8 forms. The threatened species was Eleutherococcus senticosus, and the rare plants were 17 taxa; Anaphalis sinica, Jeffersonia dubia, Hylotelephium ussuriense, Berchemia berchemiaefolia and so forth. The Korean endemic plants were 13 taxa; Salix pseudolasiogyne, Carpinus laxiflora, Pseudostellaria coreana, Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum, Corydalis albipetala and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 69 taxa; 31 taxa of grade I, 16 taxa of grade II, 8 taxa of grade III, 7 taxa of grade IV and 7 taxa of grade V. The naturalized plants were 27 taxa; Fallopia dumetorum, Rumex crispus, Chenopoidum album, Amaranthus patulus, Lepidium apetalum and so forth, and the invasive alien plants were Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Aster pilosus. The target plants adaptable to climate change were 18 taxa; Anemone reflexa, Eranthis stellata, Hylomecon vernalis, Lathyrus vaniotii and so forth. The plants with approval for delivering oversea were 31 taxa; Dianthus longicalyx, Thalictrum ichangense, Spiraea blumei, Glycine soja and so forth.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.390-402
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• 2005

This study was carried out systematically to grasp the resource plants in construct-reserved site of ecological forest, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. This site was located at $37^{\circ}12'$ in latitude and $127^{\circ}57'$ in longitude and the period of survey was from March to October, 2004. The vascular plants were summarized as 371 taxa; 83 families, 238 genera, 324 species, 44 varieties and 3 forma. And in the results of survey on resource plants, we confirmed 178 taxa of ornamental plants$(47.98\%)$, 232 taxa of edible plants$(62.53\%)$, 257 taxa of medicinal plants$(69.27\%)$ and 154 taxa of other useful plants$(41.51\%)$. The rare and endangered plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 4 taxa; Eranthis stellata, Paeonia japonica, Viola albida and Scopolia japonica.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.277-295
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• 2006

Vascular plants of Mt. Daedeok were composed of 81 families, 266 genera, 358 species, 1 subspecies, 69 varieties and 14 forma, totaling 442 taxa. Seventeen species among the 442 species were Korean endemic and 15 rare plants such as Anemone koraiensis, Eranthis stellata, Aristolochia manchuriensis, Viola albida, Viola diamantiaca, Acanthopanax senricosus, Acanthopanax chiisanense, Anagaltidium dichotomum, Scrophularia koraiensis, Adenophora grandiflora, Lilium cernuum, Lilium medeoloides, Lloydia triflora, Iris odaesanensis and Cypripedium macranthum were also investigated. The naturalized plants were 6 families, 15 genera, 16 species, totaling 16 taxa. Life form spectra was $H-D_4-R_5-e$ type and the use of plants were composed edible 43.2%, pasture 41.0%, medical 32.8%, ornamental 12.6%, respectively. The forest vegetation of Mt. Daedeok was classified Quercus mongolica community group with Betula emanii-Quercus mongolica community and typical community and Juglans mandshurica community.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular plants of the construct-reserved sites of ecological forests in Deokdong-ri, Baekwoon-myeon, Jecheon-si, and Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea and the period was from March to October, 2004. The results of surveying the vascular plants were recorded as 371 taxa; 83 families, 238 genera, 324 species, 44 varieties and 3 forma. There were 4 species of rare and endangered plants as designated by Korea Forest Service; Eranthis stellata, Paeonia japonica, Viola albida and Scopolia japonica. There were 9 species of Koreanendemic plants Pseudostellaria coreana, Melandryum seoulense, Clematis trichotoma, Deutzia coreana, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora, Ajuga spectabilis, Weigela subsessilis, Cirsium setidens and Saussurea nutans. Ten species of naturalized plants were observed Panicum dichotomiflorum, Rumex crispus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Lepidium apetalum, Trifolium repens, Oenothera Jamayckiana, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron canadensis, Bidens frondosa and Taraxacum officinale. In the results of analysis by floristic region, the specific plants were summarized as 52 taxa; 30 families, 47 genera, 49 species and 3 varieties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-105
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• 2012

This study is carried out to survey and analyse the vascular plants distributed around the Jusan Reservoir, Juwangsan national park. The results are as follows. The numbers of vascular plants were 377 taxa; 85 families, 253 genera, 332 species, 3 subspecies, 37 varieties and 5 forma. The endangered plants designated by Ministry of Environment were 2 taxa; Berchemia berchemiaefolia (Makino) Koidz. and Iris odaesanensis Y.N.Lee. The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 6 taxa; Eranthis stellata Maxim., Aristolochia contorta Bunge, Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom., Berchemia berchemiaefolia (Makino) Koidz., Scopolia japonica Maxim. and Iris odaesanensis Y.N.Lee. The endemic plants were 4 taxa; Carpinus laxiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume, Pseudostellaria coreana (Nakai) Ohwi, Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr. and Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey. The specific plants by floristic region were 38 taxa; Juglans mandshurica Maxim., Salix chaenomeloides Kimura, Hylomecon vernalis Maxim., Lonicera praeflorens Batalin, Erythronium japonicum (Baker) Decne., Potentilla dickinsii Franch. & Sav., Celtis aurantiaca Nakai, Anemone reflexa Steph. & Willd., Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom. and so forth. The naturalized plants were 20 taxa; Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Chenopoidum album L., Lepidium apetalum Willd., Veronica persica Poir., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist, Taraxacum officinale Weber and so forth.