• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.145-150
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• 2002

It has been well known that ductile fracture of steels is accelerated by triaxial stresses. The characteristics of ductile crack initiation in steels are evaluated quantitatively using two-parameters criterion based on equivalent plastic strain and stress triaxiality. It has been demonstrated by authors using round-bar specimens with circumferential notch in single tension that the critical strain to initiate ductile crack from specimen center depends considerably on stress triaxiality, but surface cracking of notch root is in accordance with constant strain condition. In order to evaluate the stress/strain state in the specimens, especially under dynamic loading, a thermal, elastic-plastic, dynamic finite element (FE) analysis considering the temperature rise due to plastic deformation has been carried out. This study provides the fundamental clarification of the effect of strength mismatching, which can elevate plastic constraint due to heterogeneous plastic straining, loading mode and loading rate on critical condition to initiate ductile crack from notch root using equivalent plastic strain and stress triaxiality based on the two-parameter criterion obtained on homogeneous specimens under static tension. The critical condition to initiate ductile crack from notch root for strength mismatched bend specimens under both static and dynamic loading would be almost the same as that for homogeneous tensile specimens with circumferential sharp notch under static loading.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.134-153
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• 1988

This paper was carried out to investigate the existence of a unique stress- strain behavior by obtaining some factors influencing the time dependent stress- strain behavior of clay. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows ; 1. The relationship between stress ratro and strain in normally consolidated clay was in- dependent on pre-shear consolidation pressure. Therefore, shear strain could be expressed as a function with stress ratio. 2. The constitutive equation of shear strain on Modified Carn Clay Model coincided better with the observed value than Cam Clay Model. 3. The relationships between deviator stress and shear strain, between pore water pressure and shear strain were unified by the mean equivalent pressure. 4. The shear strain contour in norrnally consolidated clay was increased linearly through origin, but that in overconsolidated clay was not in accordance with the result of the former. 5. Because the effective stress path of normally consolidated clay was unified by the mean equivalent pressure, state boundary surface in (e,p,q) space was transformed into two dimensional surface. But it was considered to be suitable that the unified stress- strain in overconsolidated clay be expressed by a function with overconsolidation ratio. 6. The deviator for constant strain was increased linearly with increment of strain rate ($\varepsilon$) on semi-log scale, but pore water pressure was decreased. 7. The behavior of stress relaxation was transformed from linear to curvilinear with inc - rement of strain rate before stress relaxation test, and pore water pressure was increased in total range. 8. The strain of creep was increased linearly with increment of time on semi-log scale. The greater the strain rate before creep test became, the greater the increment of strain of creep became. And the pore water pressure during creep test was increased generally with increment of time on semi-log scale.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2001

There are three designs of thread form in screw type implants: V-thread, Reverse buttress thread and Square thread. The purpose of this study was to find out how thread form designs have an influence on the equivalent stress, equivalent strain, maximum shear stress and maximum shear strain and which design of thread form generates more maximum equivalent stress and strain. 3-D finite element analysis was used to evaluate the stress and strain patterns of three tread types. The results of this study were as follow. 1. Under the 200N of axial load, the value of maximum equivalent stress is smallest in square thread and there is no significant difference between that of V thread and reverse buttress thread. 2. Under the 200N of axial load, the value of maximum equivalent strain is largest in V thread and smallest in square thread. 3. Under the 200N of axial load, the value of maximum shear stress is smallest in square thread and there is no significant difference between that of V thread and reverse buttress thread. 4. Under the 200N of axial load, the value of maximum equivalent strain is largest in V thread and there is no significant difference between that of square thread and reverse buttress thread. 5. Above results show that the square thread has special advantages in stress and strain compared with other thread types, especially in shear stess which is most determinant to implant-bone interface. Considering the superior biomechanical properties of square form implant, we presume that square form implant has better clinical results than the other types of implants in the same clinical conditions.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2006

복합재로 된 판재에 대하여 동적 균열이 접합면을 따라서 진행되어 가면서 찢어져 나갈 때 그 계면 주위에서의 응력 상태 및 변형, 견인응력 등을 조사하였다. 최대의 등가응력 및 소성 변형율은 접촉이 바로 떨어지는 부분에서 그리고 판 끝부분의 휘어지는 부근에서 최대의 변형량이 되었다. 견인력은 0.015mm정도로 그 면이 떨어졌을 때 최대치 75 MPa로서 되었다가 서서히 낮아지면서 0.13mm이상 떨어졌을 때는 0으로 일정하게 되었다. 이러한 연구 자료로서 정확한 파괴강도 해석과 안전설계 및 새로운 고급재료의 개발에 필요한 자료를 제공할 수 있는 기초적인 연구를 수행함이 본 연구의 목적이다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.805-816
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• 2015

In the present study, external restraints imposed normal to the plate during the cooling stage were determined to be effective for reduction of the angular distortion of butt-welded or fillet-welded plate. A welding analysis model under external force during the cooling stage was idealized as a prismatic member subjected to pure bending. The external restraint was represented by vertical force on both sides of the work piece and bending stress forms in the transverse direction. The additional bending stress distribution across the plate thickness was reflected in the improved inherent strain model, and a set of inherent strain charts with different levels of bending stress were newly calculated. From an elastic linear FE analysis using the inherent strain values taken from the chart and comparing them with those from a 3D thermal elasto-plastic FE analysis, welding deformation can be calculated.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.245-248
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• 2004

The press cutter is productive equipment that practically manufactures materials such as fabrics, papers, films, leathers, rubbers etc. into the desired shapes using cutting method. Plate cutting process is one of the primary energy absorbing mechanisms in a grounding or collision event. The cutting mechanism is complicated and involves plastic flow of plate in the vicinity of the tip, friction between wedge and plate, deformation of plate. In this paper, we studied the effect of friction between cutter and plastic sheet for producing precise and superior products. The press cutter is analyzed numerically using MARC finite element program according to the variation of friction coefficients. The FEM results showed that normal stress, equivalent cauchy stress, normal total strain, equivalent total strain are good when friction coefficient is 0.0 and shear stress, shear total strain are good when friction coefficient is 0.8.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 1987

철근 콘크리트 구조물의 재료적 비선형 해석을 위해 유한요소법을 적용하였다. 2 축응력 상태에서의 콘크리트 거동은 인장균열과 균열사이의 인장증강효과(tension stiffening effect) 그리고 최대압축 강도를 넘어서의 변형연화(strain-softening) 효과를 고려하는 비선형 구성 방정식으로 나타냈다. 콘크리트를 직교성 (orthotropic) 재료로 가정함으로써 비선형 탄성체로 간주하고, 등가일축변형도 개념을 사용한 등가 일축 응력-변형도(equivalent uniaxial stress-strain) 관계식으로 모형화하고, 철근 보강재는 Bauschinger 효과를 갖는 탄소성 변형 경화재료(elasto-plastic strain-hardening material)로 모형화 했다. 평면 응력 상태에서 철근콘크리트 보의 모형화는 각 절점에 2 개의 자유도를 갖는 사각형요소로 모형화하여 적용 시쳤으며, 이로부터 구한 유한요소해석의 결과치를 실험결과치의 중앙처짐, 응력, 변형율 그리고 균열성장과정에 대하여 비교 검토 하였다.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2007

An analytical method to predict the post-weld deformation at the heat-affected zone (HAZ) is presented in this paper. The method was based on the assumption that the post-weld deformation is caused by external forces resulting from the inherent strain, which is defined as the irrecoverable strain after removing structural restraints and loadings. In general, the equivalent loading method can be used to analyze distortions in welding areas because it is efficient and effective. However, if additional loads are applied after welding, it is difficult to determine the final strain on a welded structure. To determine the final strain of a welded structure at the HAZ more accurately, we developed a modified equivalent loading method based on the inherent strain that incorporated hardening effects. The proposed method was applied to calculate the residual stress at the HAZ. Experiments were also conducted on welded plates to evaluate the validity of the proposed method.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.607-642
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• 2015

The stress-strain relationship of concrete in flexure is one of the essential parameters in assessing the flexural strength and ductility of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. An overview of previous research studies revealed that the presence of strain gradient would affect the maximum concrete stress developed in flexure. However, no quantitative model was available to evaluate the strain gradient effect on concrete under flexure. Previously, the authors have conducted experimental studies to investigate the strain gradient effect on maximum concrete stress and respective strain and developed two strain-gradient-dependent factors k3 and ko for modifying the flexural concrete stress-strain curve. As a continued study, the authors herein will extend the investigation of strain gradient effects on flexural strength and ductility of RC columns to concrete strength up to 100 MPa by employing the strain-gradient-dependent concrete stress-strain curve using nonlinear moment-curvature analysis. It was evident from the results that both the flexural strength and ductility of RC columns are improved under strain gradient effect. Lastly, for practical engineering design purpose, a new equivalent rectangular concrete stress block incorporating the combined effects of strain gradient and concrete strength was proposed and validated. Design formulas and charts have also been presented for flexural strength and ductility of RC columns.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.1250-1264
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• 2023

This paper presents approximate in-depth residual stress and plastic strain profiles for laser-peened alloy 600 surface via FE analysis. In approximations, effects of the initial welding residual stress and the number of shots are quantified. Based on FE analysis results, residual stress profiles are quantified by two variables; the maximum difference in stress before and after LSP, and the depth up to which the compressive residual stress exists. Plastic strain profiles are quantified by one variable, the maximum equivalent plastic strain at the surface. The proposed profiles are validated by comparing with published LSP experimental results for welded plates. Effects of the initial welding residual stress and the number of shots on these variables are discussed. The proposed profile can be directly applied to predict the mitigation effect of LSP on PWSCC and to efficiently perform structural integrity assessment of laser peened nuclear components.