• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.90 no.5
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• pp.517-530
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• 2024

This paper presents a new four-unknown equivalent single layer (ESL) refined plate theory for the buckling analysis of functionally graded (FG) rectangular plates with all simply supported edges and subjected to in-plane mechanical loading conditions. The present model accounts for a parabolic variation of transverse shear stress over the thickness, and accommodates correctly the zero shear stress conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate. The material properties are supposed to vary smoothly in the thickness direction through the rules of mixture named power-law gradation. The governing equilibrium equations are formulated based on the total potential energy principle and solved for simply supported boundary conditions by implementing the Navier's method. A numerical result on elastic buckling using the current theory was computed and compared with those published in the literature to examine the accuracy of the proposed analytical solution. The effects of changing power-law exponent, aspect ratio, thickness ratio and modulus ratio on the critical buckling load of FG plates under different in-plane loading conditions are investigated in detail. Moreover, it was found that the geometric parameters and power-law exponent play significant influences on the buckling behavior of the FG plates.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.98-107
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• 2000

Free-field ground motion during earthquake is significantly affected by the local site conditions and it is essential for the seismic design to perform the ground response analysis In this study, ground response analyses based on the equivalent linear method were carried out to evaluate the effects of various ground conditions on the site amplification. Four major factors including the depth of the site(very soft and dense soil), the impedance ratio between soil layer and bed rock, linear analysis versus equivalent linear analysis, and the location of soft soil layer were deeply discussed. Based on the analysis results, the importance of various local site conditions on the site amplification was emphasized.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.33A no.7
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• pp.156-161
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• 1996

Accurate equivalent circuit modeling using multi-circuit optimization has been perfomred for detemining small-signal model of AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs. Three equivalent circuits for a cutoff biasing and two active biasing at different curretns are optimized simultaneously to fit gheir S parameters under the physics-based constrain that current-dependent elements for one of active circuits are connected to those for another circit multiplied by the ratio of two currents. The cutoff mode circuit and the physical constrain give the advantage of extracting physically acceptable parameters, because the number of unknown variables. After this optimization, three ses of optimized model S-parameters agree well with their measured S-parameters from 0.045 GHz to 26.5GHz.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2014

A dosimeter using tissue-equivalent scintillator by photon-counting method was developed and evaluated in its performance. The dosimeter is portable and can be operated by low power from lap-top computer. A data-acquisition software of the dosimeter system was developed by Labwindows/CVI based on Windows. The energy to channel ratio for energy calibration was 0.839 keV/ch. obtained from pulse height spectrum of $^{137}Cs$ and $^{60}Co$ gamma-ray. Using the dosimeter system, the absorbed dose of environmental radiation in Gyungju was 0.18 ${\mu}Sv/h$.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.788-793
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• 2001

Finite element analysis was carried out to investigate the integrity and reliability of boiler module during sea transportation. The boiler module was supported by steel structure to relieve the instantaneous shock from oceanic wave and its primary parts were strengthened with several reinforcements. Finned tube walls which were used in the furnace wall were assumed as orthotropic plates having equivalent material properties. The bank tubes were also equivalently modeled in accordance with ASME B31.1 for the convenience of finite element modeling. The calculation results were compared with the yield stress of the material. In particular, the bank tube stress, which was evaluated by converting the calculated stresses in equivalent tubes into those in original tubes by using the ratio of diameter, was also examined with yield stress.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.13-16
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• 2003

There is no study that application of the maturity using H.B.C and H.S.C. Also activation energy has different values according to the cement, admixture and water-cement ratio. Therefore to make accurate explanation for the effect of temperature on concrete strength development properties, it is necessary that activation energy value according to the kind of cement is reviewed. This study compares and estimates equivalent age using activation energy value obtained by this experiment and Freiesleben activation energy value with compressive strength of concrete. As the result of this study, activation energy value obtained by this study has more accurate explanation of temperature's influence on concrete strength development than Freiesleben activation energy value.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.13.1-16
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• 2003

There is no study that application of the maturity using H.S.C and H.S.C. Also activation energy has different values according to the cement, admixture and water-cement ratio. Therefore to make accurate explanation for the effect of temperature on concrete strength development properties, it is necessary that activation energy value according to the kind of cement is reviewed. This study compares and estimates equivalent age using activation energy value obtained by this experiment and Freiesleben activation energy value with compressive strength of concrete. As the result of this study, activation energy value obtained by this study has more accurate explanation of temperature's influence on concrete strength development than Freiesleben activation energy value.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.589-609
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to show that lexical equivalency in translation can be achieved when it is based on semantic prosodies of lexical items. This paper examines the semantic prosodies of two seemingly synonymous English adjectives ‘empty’ and ‘blank’ on the basis of the corpus given in Cobuild English Collocations on CD-ROM and proposes that they are different in terms of spatial dimensions. Thus when a Korean equivalent pin derived from the verb pita is translated into English, syntagmatic phraseological environments of the Korean adjective must be taken into account to attain the equivalency of the source and target languages. Relevant Korean corpus was taken from the 21st Century Sejong Plan (2002). Out of 12 examples of pin konggan, five appear to be equivalent to ‘blank’ and seven to ‘empty.’ The five to seven ratio in different usage indicates that the equivalency problem concerning the lexical item pin is not a trivial matter in translation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society Of Semiconductor Equipment Technology
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.182-185
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• 2003

We have suggested an equivalent circuit model for switching performance of bipolar spin transistor composed of a nonmagnetic metal film (N) sandwiched between two ferromagnetic metal films (F1 and F2). The 'ON' or 'OFF' operation of this equivalent circuit model is simulated by depending on the orientation of the magnetization of F1 and F2 rather than the strength of the external magnetic filed. Changing the coupling coefficient, turn number of two inductances, (L1:L2) like a transformer, and parallel variable resistance R4 connected to L2 at the collector region, we can explain the magnetic characteristics and the dependence of magneto resistance ratio on the orientation of spin-polarized electrons.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.281-291
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• 2021

An equivalent single-layer theory (EST) is put forward for analyzing free vibrations of steel-concrete composite beams (SCCB) based on a higher-order beam theory. In the EST, the effect of partial interaction between sub-beams and the transverse shear deformation are taken into account. After using the interlaminar shear force continuity condition and the shear stress free conditions at the top and bottom surface, the displacement function of the EST does not contain the first derivatives of transverse displacement. Therefore, the C0 interpolation functions are just demanded during its finite element implementation. Finally, the EST is validated by comparing the results of two simply-supported steel-concrete composite beams which are tested in laboratory and calculated by ANSYS software. Then, the influencing factors for free vibrations of SCCB are analyzed, such as, different boundary conditions, depth to span ratio, high-order shear terms, and interfacial shear connector stiffness.