• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.62-68
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• 1978

Equilibrium moisture content of rough rice is an important factor because it has a close relationship to storage and drying problems. Determination of the EMC for 10 different varieties of rough rice were made in atmospheres of various constant humidities at three different constant temperatures. In addition , some physical properties were also measured for two different levels of moisture content of the samples. The results may be summarized as follows ; 1. Several physical properties of ten different varieties of rough were measured. Significant difference of the properties was appeared between the varieties in which the difference was pronounced in the dimensions of the varieties. Also, all the dimensions were increased as the moisture content of the rough rice was increased from 14 % to 16%. 2. Significant difference of the equilibrium moisture content was also appeared between some of the varieties in which the equilibrium moisture content of Josaengtongil and Minehikari was 24.26% while that of the others was in the range between 18 to 19% at the conditions of relative humidity of 84% and temperature of 47℃ , respectively. Similar pattern was also observed in other conditions. 3. The values of the constant of Henderson's equation were calculated from the data obtained but they are believed to be useful until more precise and complete data are obtained. There was a good agreement between the calculated and experimental results.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 1993

This study suggests one hypothesis: The strength of the catchment forces of urban community parks can be represented as an equilibrium point model, which is derived from a centrality index for. That model was designed by Reilly(1931) and developed by Godlund(1956). An equilibrium point model for the catchments is represented as followed formulae: m=$\frac{CA2}{CA-CB}$ m=$\frac {{{{{L SQRT {{C}_{A}$.$ {C}_{B}} {CA-CB} Here, m is distance from the center of park A to the cetner of park B. r is radius of a circle where the catchment between park A and B is equal pointed traces. CA is index of the centrality of park A from Reilly's Law. CB is an index of the centrality of park B from Reilly's Law. L is an the distance between park A and B. The equilibrium point model is testified in the case of Chong-ju community parks. The testification has been limited to the application to such manifest outdoor recreational facilities as bentches, even though there are statistically and economically problems for a quantitative model to be testified. But the testification could be a rationale for the catchment forces of urban community parks, which was quantitatively represented that the distance between two or there parks should be related with the feasibility of the parks. Therefore, the urban community park should be planned to be located, hiving separately its identity that might be considered with the facility diversification and the locational competitiveness of a park.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.99-108
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• 2007

This paper presents an elastic demand stochastic user equilibrium traffic assignment that could not be easily tackled. The elastic demand coupled with a travel performance function is known to converge to a supply-demand equilibrium, where a stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) is obtained. SUE is the state in which all equivalent path costs are equal, and thus no user can reduce his perceived travel cost. The elastic demand SUE traffic assignment can be formulated based on a dynamic system, which is a means of describing how one state develops into another state over the course of time. Traditionally it has been used for control engineering, but it is also useful for transportation problems in that it can describe time-variant traffic movements. Through the Lyapunov Function Theorem, the author proves that the model has a stable solution and confirms it with a numerical example.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2013

Radiative heating phenomena occurring in planetary entry flights are reviewed for the purpose of educating those who are not familiar with the problem. How the radiative heat transfer rates to the Apollo entry vehicle were measured and analyzed are first described. Next, the effects of thermo-chemical non-equilibrium on radiation are summarized. Then the radiation problems in entry flights into other planets are reviewed. Finally, unsolved problems are enumerated.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.12 no.1_2
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• pp.183-198
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• 2003

We highlight the alternative presentation of the Cauchy-Riemann conditions for the analyticity of a complex variable function and consider plane equilibrium problem for an elastic transversely isotropic layer, in finite deformation. We state the fundamental problems and consider traction boundary value problem, as an example of fundamental problem-one. A simple solution of“Lame's problem”for an infinite layer is obtained. The profile of the deformed contour is given; and this depends on the order of the term used in the power series specification for the complex potential and on the material constants of the medium.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.571-581
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• 2020

In this paper, an equilibrium problems involving a finite family of maximal monotone operators and inverse-strongly monotone operators are introduced and investigated. A strong convergence theorem of common solutions is obtained in Hilbert spaces.

• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.497-520
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• 2023

Numerous problems in science and engineering defined by nonlinear functional equations can be solved by reducing them to an equivalent fixed point problem. Fixed point theory provides essential tools for solving problems arising in various branches of mathematical analysis, such as split feasibility problems, variational inequality problems, nonlinear optimization problems, equilibrium problems, complementarity problems, selection and matching problems, and problems of proving the existence of solution of integral and differential equations.The theory of fixed is known to find its applications in many fields of science and technology. For instance, the whole world has been profoundly impacted by the novel Coronavirus since 2019 and it is imperative to depict the spread of the coronavirus. Panda et al. [24] applied fractional derivatives to improve the 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 models, and by means of fixed point theory, existence and uniqueness of solutions of the models were proved. For more information on applications of fixed point theory to real life problems, authors should (see [6, 13, 24] and the references contained in).

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2013

In this paper structural analysis of underground electrical power cable structures which is excavated below the surface of the earth in the downtown area is carried out considering the effect of construction sequence. There are many various life-line facilities below the surface of the earth in the downtown area. MPDAP was used for finite element analysis of underground electrical power cable structures. Three typical sections are simulated by finite element models. Unbalanced equilibrium problems may be occurred when conventional finite element procedures were used for simulation of tunnel excavation. Therefore equilibrium perturbation concept was applied to solve these problems. The effects of time-dependent deformations in advancing tunnel excavation are considered in the stages of construction sequences as using the load distribution factor. It is shown that values of maximum displacement of both soil and rock surrounding underground electrical power cable structures obtained by our numerical studies are less than allowable values.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.113-143
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• 1997

Most of the conflict problems between 2 persons can be represented as a bi-matrix game, because player's utilities, in general, are non-zero sum and change according to the progress of game. In the bi-matrix game the equilibrium point set which satisfies the Pareto optimality can be a good bargaining or coordination solution. Under the condition of incomplete information about the risk attitudes of the players, the bargaining or coordination solution depends on additional elements, namely, the players' methods of making inferences when they reach a node in the extensive form of the game that is off the equilibrium path. So the investigation about the players' inference type and its effects on the solution is essential. In addition to that, the effect of an individual's aversion to risk on various solutions in conflict problems, as expressed in his (her) utility function, must be considered. Those kinds of incomplete information make decision maker Bayesian, since it is often impossible to get correct information for building a decision making model. In Baysian point of view, this paper represents an analytic frame for guessing and learning opponent's attitude to risk for getting better reward. As an example for that analytic frame. 2 persons'bi-matrix game is considered. This example explains that a bi-matrix game can be transformed into a kind of matrix game through the players' implicitly cooperative attitude and the need of arbitration.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.257-277
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• 2011

In this paper the geometrically nonlinear continuum plate finite element model, hitherto not reported in the literature, is developed using the total Lagrange formulation. With the layerwise displacement field of Reddy, nonlinear Green-Lagrange small strain large displacements relations (in the von Karman sense) and linear elastic orthotropic material properties for each lamina, the 3D elasticity equations are reduced to 2D problem and the nonlinear equilibrium integral form is obtained. By performing the linearization on nonlinear integral form and then the discretization on linearized integral form, tangent stiffness matrix is obtained with less manipulation and in more consistent form, compared to the one obtained using laminated element approach. Symmetric tangent stiffness matrixes, together with internal force vector are then utilized in Newton Raphson's method for the numerical solution of nonlinear incremental finite element equilibrium equations. Despite of its complex layer dependent numerical nature, the present model has no shear locking problems, compared to ESL (Equivalent Single Layer) models, or aspect ratio problems, as the 3D finite element may have when analyzing thin plate behavior. The originally coded MATLAB computer program for the finite element solution is used to verify the accuracy of the numerical model, by calculating nonlinear response of plates with different mechanical properties, which are isotropic, orthotropic and anisotropic (cross ply and angle ply), different plate thickness, different boundary conditions and different load direction (unloading/loading). The obtained results are compared with available results from the literature and the linear solutions from the author's previous papers.