• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.367-370
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• 2002

Candida cylindracea lipase was immobilized by adsorption on acid washed glass beads. It was observed that protein loading of the support depends on the size of the particle, with smaller particle containing higher amount of protein per unit weight. Initial reaction rate linearly varied up to enzyme concentration of 17.25 U/mL. Amount of free fatty acids produced was linearly proportional up to the enzyme loading of 1650 $\mu$g/g of bead. Achievement of chemical equilibrium took longer time in the case of less protein loading. Degree of hydrolysis was found to decrease in second and third consecutive batch operations on repeated use of immobilized lipase.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.3313-3318
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• 2014

The reaction mechanism of Lead ions catalyzing complexation reactions between TIPP and metal ions was investigated by researching the kinetics of the formation of metalloporphyrins by UV/Vis-spectra, and verified by exploring the formation of metalloporphyrins catalyzed by acetic acid. Kinetics studies suggested that the fluctuations of reaction rate indicated the formation of metalloporphyrin was step-wise, including the pre-equilibrium step (the coordination of the pyrrolenine nitrogens to $Mn^+$) and the rate-controlling step (the deprotonation of the pyrrole proton). In the pre-equalization step, a sitting-atop (SAT) structure formed first with the complexation between larger radius of $Pb^{2+}$ and TIPP, changed the activation, then $Pb^{2+}$ left with the smaller radius of metal ions attacking from the back of the porphyrin ring center. In the rate-controlling step, two pyrrole protons dissociated to restore a stable structure. This was verified by adding acetic acid at different reaction times.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.91-96
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• 2022

The photocatalytic degradation of salicylic acid takes place in several stages involving coupled phenomena, such as the transport of molecules and the chemical reaction. The systems of transport equations and the photocatalytic reaction are numerically solved using COMSOL Mutiphysics (CM) simulation software. CM will make it possible to couple the phenomena of flow, the transport of pollutants (salicylic acid) by convection and diffusion, and the chemical reaction to the catalytic area (bauxite or TiO2 doped by nanoparticles). The simulation of the conversion rate allows to correctly fit the experimental results. The temporal simulation shows that the reaction reaches equilibrium after a transitional stage lasting over one minute. The outcomes of the study highlight the importance of diffusion in the boundary layer and the usefulness of injecting micro-agitation into the microchannel flow. Under such conditions, salicylic acid degrades completely.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.30 no.5_6
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• pp.787-792
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• 2012

We present a graphical algorithm and theorems for calculating the ranks of reaction networks. The ranks are needed to study behaviors of the networks from their structures. This approach can graphically simplify complex networks for the calculation. We show an example of a large network for the practical advantage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.143-147
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• 2007

Kerosene and diesel are compounded fuels with various types of hydrocarbon elements and difficult to model the chemical kinetics. This study focuses on the prediction of the non-equilibrium reaction of fuel-rich combustion with detailed kinetics developed by Dagaut using PSR(perfectly stirred reactor) assumption. In Dagaut's surrogate model for kerosene and diesel, chemical kinetics consists of 2352 reaction steps with 298 chemical species. Also, Frenklach's soot model was implemented along with detailed kinetics to calculate the gas properties of fuel rich combustion efflux.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.159-164
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• 1967

An exact expression of the titration fraction as a function of the potential is derived for the cases where the coefficients of the both half reactions involved in the titration are homogeneous. It shows that the potential is independent of the concentration of the reagents not only at the equivalence point but also at all titration fractions. The sharpness of the end point detection by potentiometric method is shown to depend not only on the difference of the normal potentials involved but also strongly on the number of electrons transferred in each half reaction. The inflexion point of the potentiometric titration curve is shown to be slightly off from the equivalence point, including the cases where the number of electrons involved are equal. Completeness of the reaction in the course of titration is analyzed, too, mostly in terms of equilibrium constant, thus most of the results are applicable to any type of equilibrium in a single phase with particular relationship of coefficients of chemical equation.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2007

The conversion reaction of ortho to para hydrogen was studied. The percentage of ortho and para hydrogen is mainly dependent on the equilibrium temperature. Because this reaction is known to be accelerated by the catalyst such as nickel-silicate and ruthenium on silica, we focused in the test and development of the catalysts. We studied metal-silicates because they provide high metal dispersion on support. Nickel-silicate, ruthenium-silicate and mixed-silicate were prepared by the coprecipitation method and used in the reaction at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The conversion was measured by the difference of thermal conductivity between reference gas and sample gas. The activation condition was important and it affected the activities of the catalysts. Nickel-silicate showed high activities. Ruthenium-silicate also showed relative high activities but mixed-silicate showed poor activities.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.243-247
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• 2009

This study is purposed to analyze thermodynamic properties on the hydrogen production by ethylene glycol steam reforming. Various reaction conditions of temperatures(300~1,600 K), feed compositions(steam/carbon= 0.5~4.5), and pressures(1~30 atm) were applied to investigate the effects of the reaction conditions on the thermodynamic properties of dimethyl ether steam reforming. An endothermic steam reforming competed with an exothermic water gas shift reaction and an exothermic methanation within the applied reaction condition. Hydrogen production was initiated at the temperature of 400 K and the production rate was promoted at temperatures exceeding 500 K. An increase of steam to carbon ratio(S/C) in feed mixture over 1.0 resulted in the increase of the water gas shift reaction, which lowered the formation of carbon monoxide. The maximum hydrogen yield with minimizing loss of thermodynamic conversion efficiency was achieved at the reaction conditions of a temperature of 900 K and a steam to carbon ratio of 3.0.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2012

The aim of this work was to reveal the effect of butanoic acid in its dissociated form and undissociated form as a guest molecule on the kinetic parameters in an inclusion reaction with ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (${\beta}$-CD). Ultrasonic absorption measurements in the frequency range from 0.2 to 45 MHz were carried out for ${\beta}$-CD solutions with butanoic acid at $25^{\circ}C$ by ultrasonic relaxation method. The rate and the equilibrium constants were obtained from the guest concentration dependence of the relaxation frequency, and the standard volume change of the complexation reaction were obtained from the maximum absorption per wavelength. A single relaxational absorption was observed, and the cause of the relaxation was attributed to a perturbation of the chemical equilibrium associated with a complexation reaction between ${\beta}$-CD and butanoic acid. These results were compared with those in solutions containing both ${\beta}$-CD and different guest molecules. It was found that the hydrophobicity of guest molecules played an important role in the formation of the inclusion complex and also that the charge on the carboxylic group had a considerable effect on the kinetic characteristics of the complexation reaction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.8 no.3 s.24
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• pp.16-23
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• 2004

A membrane reactor concept, which combines the typical characteristics of chemical reaction with separation process, has been analyzed and simulated in this study. The advantages of the use of a membrane reactor include chemical equilibrium shift towards higher reactant conversion and purer product than the traditional reactors. A membrane reactor model which incorporates a catalytic reaction zone and a separation membrane is proposed. The water-gas shift reaction to produce hydrogen was chosen as a model reaction to be investigated. The membrane reactor is divided into smaller parts by number of n and each part (named cell), which contains both reaction and product separation function is modeled. One of the membrane outlet streams is connected to the next cell, which is repeated up to the last cell. The simulation results can be used for various purposes including decision of optimum operating condition and membrane reactor design.