• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-46
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• 2011

The state-sangha relations in the countries of Theravada Buddhism has often been described as a mutually dependent patron-client relation in which the state and the sangha support each other by performing their due roles. Yet this theory involves a normative dimension that prescribes such a relation as the ideal in the Buddhist world. The explanatory power of this theory hence is hampered in a country where the ideal is not fully realized. In the wake of tumultuous political upheaval where political rivals vie for the state the ideal as well as the theory are put into a trial. The tragic history of modern Cambodia is a history of ceaseless conflict in which multiple contenders for the state had to define their relations with the sangha. The relations defined turned out less mutual than supposed. The state-sangha relations were rather unilaterally dependent. More often than not the sangha was subject to state control with no power to confront the state or coopted only to become a tool for political propaganda and manipulation. The sangha always played the role of client, waiting for the state to define the relation and to be benevolent. Even when the monks were forced to disrobe and when the sangha itself was annihilated, all they did was to wait for another patron state that would put the sangha back in place. The state-sangha relations the Cambodian history reveals were not close to one in which the two parties benefit each other on an equal basis. It was a patron-client relationship in which the client sangha had to be heavily dependent on the patron state. Such a unilaterally dependent relationship is the one that has prevailed in Cambodia.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.311-331
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• 2004

This paper addresses the democracy-oriented regulatory and legal requirements that e-democracy impacts. It demonstrates that the structure of the political system also plays a significant role in the decision to develop an e-voting application. The short term perspective of the questions put before the electorate obliterate the long term perspective in which many policy problems have to be seen. A well-designed e-voting system should produce an audit trail that is even stronger than that of conventional systems (including paper-based systems). Remote Internet voting systems pose significant risk to the integrity of the voting process, and should not be fielded for use in public elections until substantial technical and social science issues are addressed. Conclusively the paper focuses on the specific attributes an electronic voting (polling place) system should respect and ensure such as transparency, verifiability, accountability, security and accuracy in relation to the constitutional requirements such as General, Free. Equal, Secret, Direct and Democratic.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.756-760
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• 1995

Optimal design of a hybrid parallel robot is investigated. In order to optimize the mechanism, new performance measures are introduced since use of the previous methods suffer form lack of the physical meaning due to the dimensional inhomogeneity. To overcome the problem, an Euclidean norm definition of each output space with homogeneous dimension is used to find input-output norm relation and derive new performance measures for each output spaces, that is, translational and rotational velocity, and derive new torque space. For illustion,the derived performance measures is applied to find the isotropic design of a Stewart platform robot which has condition number measures equal to one.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.765-768
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• 2005

This study is investigated the strength properties of ALC(Autocalved Lightweight Concrete) using SPS(Stone Powder Sludge), to develop recycling technique of SPS. At a given replacement percent of SPS and addition percent of foam, the results show that its the strength properties are equal or higher than the quartz used in a raw material of ALC, and it is also found that the addition percent of the foam and the strength properties have a certain relation of linear.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1109-1114
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• 2003

In this paper, the electric characteristic of the SGPS with slot in the ground plane is similar to the parallel resonant circuit. When the slot length in SGPS is equal to the half wavelength of specific frequency, the characteristic of SGPS represent the large attenuation at the specific frequency. We found out the relation between attenuation and resistor on the slot in SGPS and we designed the variable attenuator for MMIC using the variable resistor. This attenuator can be applied to AGC circuit in transceiver if the PIN diode is used replace for resistor.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.73-79
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• 2011

We collect 24 times of light maxima data from sources in the literature, unpublished data and open databases, and investigate the variations of the observed and calculated (O-C) values for light maxima of V1719 Cyg. We found no evidence of the variations in the (O-C) values. We estimate the effective temperature and surface gravity using both the Kurucz and MARCS/SSG grids for different metallicity values [A/H]=0.0 and +0.5 for V1719 Cyg. It is confirmed that the temperature is almost the same, but, in the case of surface gravity, the MARCS/SSG grid gives the value closest to that obtained from the period-gravity relation derived by using the pulsation-evolution theory. We obtain two spectra of V1719 Cyg from spectroscopic observation which permitted us to find the effective temperature and the surface gravity of the star directly. We estimate the metallicity and it is found that the abundance of iron is equal to the solar value.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.16
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• pp.97-104
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• 1996

A comparison of the fin effectiveness, thermal resistance, and fin efficiency between the symmetric triangular fin and the symmetric trapezoidal fin which has various slopes of the fin side is made. Also the relation between Biot number and the non-dimensional fin length for equal amount of heat loss from these fins is shown. For these analyses, a forced analytic method is used. In particular, the equation for the heat loss is used simultaneously for both the symmetric triangular fin and the symmetric trapezoidal fins by just adjusting the value of the slope factor. The value of Biot number varies from 0.01 to 1.0 and the non-dimensional fin length varies from 0.01 to 10. For simplicity, the root temperature and fin's surrounding convection coefficients are assumed constant and the condition is assumed to be steady state.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.12-18
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• 1972

The relation between output SNR and mth harmonic generation is determined for nonlinear system of zero memory type, half wave and the nth power law devices with narrow band form of the unmodulated sinusoidal wave plus zero mean and stationary gaussian noise input. It is found that the optimum generation condition for harmonic component at a small input of SNR is m and n equal 2, while for large input SNR is always n equals 2.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.381-392
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• 2007

In 1906, da Rios, a student of Leivi-Civita, wrote a master's thesis modeling the motion of a vortex in a viscous fluid by the motion of a curve propagating in $R^3$, in the direction of its binormal with a speed equal to its curvature. Much later, in 1971 Hasimoto showed the equivalence of this system with the non-linear Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger equation (NLS) $$q_t=i(q_{ss}+\frac{1}{2}{\mid}q{\mid}^2q$$. In this paper, we use the same idea as Terng used in her lecture notes but different technique to extend the above relation to the case of $R^3$, and obtained an analogous equation that $$q_t=i[q_{ss}+(\frac{1}{2}{\mid}q{\mid}^2+1)q]$$.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.3
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• pp.25-46
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• 1973

The recent situation on developments in an expanding field of reference and information service is reviewed through the cooperative arrangements and comprehensive planning among libraries in America. The growth of reference cooperation is examined first along with the social forces that influenced the library interdependence for service. Of the various interlibrary programs identified in relation to the cooperative reference work, interlibrary loan is viewed as the key to the use of library resources based on equal access and making use of the tools for information and research, therefore a reference principle. Several kinds of library systems specifically intended to improve the reference situation are identified and described in detail without any attempt to evaluate their performance in terms of unit size, cost, or quality of the service.