• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.495-500
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• 2012

A standard paradigm for the allocation of wireless resources in communication demands symmetry, whereby all users are assumed to be on equal footing and hence get equal shares of communication capabilities. However, there are situations in which "prime users" should be given higher priority, as for example in the transmission of emergency messages. In this paper, we examine a prioritization policy that can be implemented at the physical layer. In particular, we evaluate the performance of a prioritized transmission scheme based on spectrum pooling and on the assignment of higher signal-to-noise ratio channels to higher-priority users. This performance is compared to that of unprioritized (or "symmetric") schemes, and the impact of prioritization on the unprioritized users is discussed.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2012

A standard paradigm for the allocation of wireless resources in communication demands symmetry, that is, all users are assumed to be on equal footing and hence get equal shares of the system's communication capabilities. However, there are situations in which "prime users" should be given priority, as for example in the transmission of emergency messages. We examine prioritization policies that could be implemented at the physical layer and propose a new one, termed interference priority (IP), which is shown to have excellent performance. We evaluate the performance of these prioritization techniques both in controlled settings and within the context of a full cellular system and discuss the impact of prioritized use of resources on the unprioritized users.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.155-172
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• 1995

This study is an empirical analysis on the equity in the delivery of heatlh care under the Korean Medical Insurance Corporation System. The purposes of this study are to find out effects of income on the health care utiliztion and measure the income-related inequity in the distribution of health care. This study was carried out based on the fact that the health insurance program has been organized to achieve the equity objective, "equal treatment for equal needs". Of 41, 828 insured persons who had been diagnosed in the 1993 Health Screening Test and utilifzation data from 1, January 1993 through 31, December 1993 were derived from the Benefit Managment File. Inequity was measured by means of I) share approach, ii) standardization concentration curve approach, iii) inequity index, iv) test for inequity. The major findings were as follows : 1. The expenditure shares of the top two quintile groups exceeded their morbidity shares, whereas the opposite was true of the bottom three quintile groups, Which showed a positive HI$_{LG}$ inequity index, suggesting the presence of some inequity favoring the rich group. 2. Compared with other residential areas, the rural area showed the highest positive HI$_{LG}$ irrespective of need indicatior applied. 3. Standardized expenditure concentration indices adjusted by age, gender and need structure were also found to be positive, and therefore still indicated that there has been inequity favoring the rich after the standardization. 4. The Loglikelihood Ratio (LR) test for the statistical significance of income-related inequity of medical care utilization was carried out using the logistic regression model. The resulting loglikelihood ratio test statistic value was 176, which did exceed the 0.5 percent critical value of the chi-square distribution with 28 degrees of freedom, which is 50.993. Therefore, the null hypothesis of no income-related inequity of medical care utilization was rejected at the 99.5 percent confidence level. 5. The Regression based F-test has been carried out for analyzing the income-related inequity of medical expenditure in terms of age, gender, morbidity indicators as explanary variables. The hypothesis of the absence of income-relate inequity was rejected for all need indicators at the 95% confidence level.nce level.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제33권
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• pp.121-144
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• 2007

The International Chamber of Commerce has been the world's leading organization in the field of international commercial dispute resolution. Established in 1923 as the arbitration body of ICC, the International Court of Arbitration has pioneered international commercial arbitration as it is known today. The ICC International Court of Arbitration is the world's foremost institution in the resolution of international business disputes. While most arbitration institutions are regional or national in scope, the ICC Court is truly international. The purpose of this paper is to examine their advantages and to introduce main contents provided in ICC Rules of Arbitration as follows; First, before the actual merits of the case can be addressed, the Arbitral Tribunal must first draw up the Terms of Reference. The Terms of Reference should include the particulars listed in the ICC Rules. Apart from the full names and description of the parties and arbitrators, the place of arbitration and a summary of the parties' respective claims, they contain particulars concerning the applicable procedural rules and any other provisions required to make the Award enforceable at law Second, the Scrutiny is a fundamental feature of ICC arbitration and is one that distinguishes it from the other major international arbitration rules. The scrutiny system has two aspects ; the first is to identify or modify the defects of form, while the second is to draw the arbitrators' attention to points of substance. Third, as soon as practicable, the Court fixes an advance on costs intended to cover the estimated fees and expenses of the arbitrators, as well as the administrative expenses of ICC. Specially, the advance on costs fixed by the Court shall be payable in equal shares by the Claimant and Respondent. Finally, the parties are also free to select the arbitrator or arbitrators of their choice. The Court or the Secretary General confirms arbitrators nominated by the parties. Taking a step forward, to upgrade the quality of the award of KCAB, it is desirable to consider how to incorporate the main contents of the ICC Arbitration into Korea Commercial Arbitration Rules.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2013

This paper proposes a performance improvement of existing single-phase current-fed qZ-Source inverter. Voltage gain of the traditional voltage-fed full-bridge inverter and single-phase current-fed qZ-source inverter is only equal to or smaller than input voltage. The proposed inverter can obtain twice higher voltage gain than the single-phase current-fed qZ-Source inverter by adding an extra switch and a capacitor in the circuit. In addition, the proposed inverter shares the common ground between dc input and ac output voltage. Therefore, the proposed inverter can eliminate the possible ground leakage current problem when it is used for grid-tied photovoltaic inverter system. A 120 W prototype inverter is built and tested to verify performances of the proposed inverter.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2004

COSMOS에서 포화도에 따른 현시 배분시 최소녹색시간에 의해 영향을 받는 경우 불균형적인 배분이 발생한다. 포화도에 따라 배리어를 나누게 되면 수요가 많은 광로측 배리어의 값이 더 많이 배분되고 상대적으로 소로측 배리어는 적게 배분된다. 배리어 배분 후 포화도에 따라 현시를 배분하면 최소녹색시간 확보로 인해 직진 이동류가 사용 가능한 녹색시간의 대부분을 쓰게 되므로 좌회전의 경우 녹색시간이 짧아져 통행권이 박탈당하는 문제가 발생한다. COSMOS에서는 이러한 문제점을 안고 있는 지역을 이중횡단보도를 설치하여 횡단보도 중간에 보행자용 교통섬을 설치하여 좌회전 현시와 이어지는 직진현시를 이용하여 횡단하도록 하였다. 본 연구에서는 이를 개선하기 위해 최소녹색시간을 고려하여 배리어를 계산하고 이동류별 포화도 비율에 따라 녹색시간을 계산한다. 개선 방안의 평가를 위해 아주대학교에서 개발한 COSMOS 평가 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 기존 알고리즘과 개선알고리즘으로 v/c비 $0.4{\sim}1.2$ 범위의 교통상황별로 지체시간을 비교하였다. 향후 개발된 알고리즘의 교통상황에 따른 적용시점에 관한 연구가 추가되어진다면 신호교차로의 운영효율을 극대화시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.4068-4086
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• 2014

Due to the prevalence of powerful mobile terminals and the rapid advancements in wireless communication technologies, the wireless video streaming service has become increasingly more popular. Recent studies show that video streaming services via Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) are becoming more practical. TCP has more advantages than User Diagram Protocol (UDP), including firewall traversal, bandwidth fairness, and reliability. However, each video service shares an equal portion of the limited bandwidth because of the fair sharing characteristics inherent in TCP and this bandwidth fair sharing cannot always guarantee the video quality for each user. To solve this challenging problem, an Adaptive Multiple TCP (AM-TCP) scheme is proposed in this paper to guarantee the video quality for mobile devices in wireless networks. AM-TCP adaptively controls the number of TCP connections according to the video Rate Distortion (RD) characteristics of each stream and network status. The proposed scheme can minimize the total distortion of all participating video streams and maximize the service quality by guaranteeing the quality of each video streaming session. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the quality of video streaming in wireless networks.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.125-136
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• 1997

The present study compares motives for caregiving, actual caregiving provision, care expectation from children in old age, and the connections between caregiving and inheritance distribution patterns as perceived by caregiving daughters/daughters-in-law and their care-receiving mothers/mothers-in-law between Korea and the United States. The results indicated that there was no difference in caregiving motives between Korean and American children while American mothers/mothers-in-law perceived significantly lower obligatory caregiving motives than their Korean counterparts. Also, both Korean children and their mothers/mothers-in-law reported higher level of care provision than their counterparts. The level of caregiving expectation from their children in old age among Korean elders was significantly different from those of American elders while no differences were found between Korean and American children. Finally, both Korean children and their mothers/mothers-in-law were more likely to endorse distributing larger shares of inheritance to the child who cared for his/her mothers/mothers-in-law than American counterparts. On the other hand, American subjects were more likely to accept the notion of equal distribution of inheritance. Overall, this cross-cultural study showed the cultural differences in caregiving and inheritance patterns between Korean and American subjects exhibiting salient difference among the older generation.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2007

Equal rating DC-DC converter modules can be connected in series at the input for circuits requiring higher input voltages and in parallel at the output for circuits requiring higher output currents. Since the converter modules may not be practically identical, closed loop control has to ensure that each module equally shares the total input voltage and the load current. A control scheme consisting of a common output voltage loop, individual inner current loops and individual input voltage loops have been designed in this work to achieve input voltage and load current sharing as well as load voltage regulation under supply and load disturbances. The output voltage loop provides the basic reference for the inner current loops, which are also modified by the respective input voltage loops. The average of the converter input voltages, which is dynamically varying, is chosen as the reference for input voltage loops. This choice of reference eliminates interaction among different control loops. Type II compensators and Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs) are designed and compared through MATLAB based simulation and FLC is found to be satisfactory. Hence TMS320F2407A DSP based FLC is implemented and the results are presented which prove the superiority of the FLC developed for this research.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2002

비밀분산법이란 하나의 비밀정보를 다수의 비밀조각으로 분할하여 다수의 신뢰할 수 있는 사람들에게 공유시킴으로써 비밀정보를 안전하게 유지.관리하는 암호학적 방법이다. 그러나 비밀정보를 공유하는 참가자들이 비밀정보 복원에 대해 서로 다른 권한을 가지고 있을 경우, 이러한 참가자들간의 계층구조를 반영할 수 있는 비밀분산법의 설계가 필요하다. 각 참가자들이 갖는 비밀정보에 대한 복원 권한을 가중치로 표현함으로써 가중치에 따른 비밀정보 공유 및 복원이 가능한 가중치를 갖는 비밀분산법을 제안한다.