• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2013

In this study, roots of Epipactis thunbergii were collected from Chujado on the north of Jeju-do. Six fungal isolates were isolated from surface-sterilized roots of the orchid and classified with groups based on morphological characteristics. Fungal DNA was extracted from each isolate and amplified ITS region using ITS1-OF/ITS4-OF primer pair. Three species of orchid mycorrhizal fungi were identified as Tulasnella calospora, Tulasnella sp. and Sebacina sp. based on molecular and morphological characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.353-361
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• 2015

Spatio-temporal variation in fruit set in orchids would affect long-term population viability and will influence genetic diversity over many generations. The aim of this study was to examine the breeding system of the nectariferous terrestrial orchid Epipactis thunbergii, to specifically determine levels of fruit set in terms of time and space under natural conditions. We examined pollination under natural conditions and conducted hand pollination experiments during a 2-year survey in four populations located along 1.5 km of coastal line in Jinguiri (rual village) [Jeollanam-do (province), southern Korea]. We found that, over a 2-year period, levels of percentage of fruit set were similar within patches of the four populations. By contrast, we detected significant differences in the percentage of fruit set among patches. We also found that plants with larger inflorescence size produced significantly more fruits than plants with fewer flowers. Over a 2-year period, the percentage of fruit set for E. thunbergii was similar but low (14.1%) compared to that averaged for eighty-four rewarding species (37.1%). However, an increase in fruit set was achieved by hand-pollinations: artificial self-pollination (90.5-95.2%), artificial geitonogamy (94.7-95.0%), and cross-pollination (artificial xenogamy, 91.3-91.4%). No emasculated flowers produced fruits and no automatic pollination was found in E. thunbergii. Our findings suggest that E. thunbergii is a self-compatible terrestrial orchid that depends on pollinators (insects) to achieve fruit set in natural habitats, and that local environmental conditions were similar over a period of 2 years in the study area. Our results also highlight the cryptic variation of fruit production in time, but more pronounced variability in space.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2003

Total 7 moors, Yong-neup on Mt. Daeam, Chilbo Mt. moor, Dogapsa-neup on Mt. Wolchul, Wangdeungiae-neup on Mt. Jiri, Mujechi-neup on Mt. Jungjok, Buljae-neup on Mt. Kyungak and Geoinri-neup on Dongsang, were investigated by literatures and survey. Distribution, conditions, and similarity of dominant species and Orchidaceae on moor were analyzed. The results are follows; There are total 46 wetland plant species observed more than twice from 7 moors. The plants classified as constancy class V, which are appeared more than 80%, are Iris ensata var. spontane, Juncus effusus var. decipiens, Sanguisorba tenuifolia var. alba, Habenaria linearifolia, Sium ninsi, Lobelia sessilifolia, Lastrea theiyptoris, and Eupatorium chinensis var. simplicifolium. Highly appearing Orchidaceae, which was classified to constancy class IV plant, are Habenaria linearifolia, Pogonia japonica, Eipactis thunbergii, and Platanthera mandarinorum. They are the typical index plants of the moors. Habitual environment of Habenaria radiate and Platanthera hologlottis can be affected by environmental aspects such as latitude, altitude and the water quality. However those of Habenaria linearifolia, Epipactis thunbergii, and Pogonia japonica are not affected by latitude and altitude, but may be determined by water condition of wetland. As the result of similarity index analysis for appearance of Orchidaceae identifying each moors in the view of species composition, swamps at Dogapsa-neup and Buljae-neup are very similar. However Yong-neup is totally different from those of Dogapsa-neup and Buljae-neup. Yong-neup had shown the high similarity indices of 0.85 and 0.75 with Wangdeungiae-neup and Mujechi-neup, respectively. Growth properties of wild Orchidaceae at wetland were almost similar. Platanthera mandarinorum and Liparis kumokiri had characteristics of good adaptability. Most of them need light. Pogonia was the only long-day plant. The flowering time of these Orchidaceae was from May to September.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.1227-1233
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• 2003

To investigate the flora of wetland at Mt. II-Kwang, the helophyte of the mountain was examined. The flora observed was classified into 2 phyla, 15 families, 27 genera, and 34 species. Representative species at the wetland were Drosera rotundifolia, Utricularia racemosa, Utricularia bifida, Eriocaulon miquelianum, and Eleocharis attenuata var. laeviseta. In the lower part of the wetland, water was abundant and soil surface layer was thin, and Eriocaulon miquelianum-Carex canescens-Drosera rotundifolia, community were developed. On the other hand, in the upper part of the wetland, water was not abundant and soil surface layer was thick, and Agrostis clavata-Phragmiles japonica community were community were developed. Utricularia bifida and Utricularia yakusimensis were growing abundantly at this wetland, but Utricularia racemasa was few in number and narrow in the distribution area. Eriocaulon miquelianum, a Korean endemic plant, was observed, and Habenaria linearifolia, Spiranthes amoena, and Epipactis thunbergii, the CITES plant, were observed at this wetland. Insectivorous plant such as Drosera rotundifolia, Utricularia racemosa, Utricularia bifida, and Utricularia yakusimensis were also observed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.145-148
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• 1978

For the development of natural ornamental plants, an investigation was carried out about the vegetation of Soheuksan-do and Hong-do, islands located far in the southwestesn part of the Korean peninsular. The vegetation of Soheuksan-do was abundant. The dominant species were Machilus thunbergii, Buxus microphylla var. koreana, and Camellia japonica. Regarding the development of natural ornamental plants, 27 families and 54 species were reported in this investigation. Among these species there were 8 species including Calanthe discolor, Epipachs falcata, Dendrobium monniforme, Goodyera maximowiczii, and Lipari's krameri in Orchidaceae. The vegetation of Hong-do was similar to that of Soheuksan-do, but less abundant. Supplementary 10 species were reported in this investigation. Epipactis falcata and Dendrobium moniliforme were almost exterminated in these islands because of indiscriminating gathering. Therefore these species must be protected immediately.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.109-133
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• 2022

We investigated the flora of Gwanmae island and discussed important vascular plants found on the island. We made plant list using voucher specimens collected from Gwanmae island from 2016 to 2021 and deposited in CNU. There are 500 taxa in Gwanmae island, comprising 103 families, 307 genera, 461 species, 4 subspecies, 32 varieties and 3 forms. Eight endemic plants of Korea were found including Saussurea polylepis Nakai. There are 15 red list plants designated by Ministry of Environment including Cleisostoma scolopendrifolium (Makino) Garay and Woodwardia japonica (L. f.) Sm. There are total 126 taxa of floristic regional indicator plants including 4 taxa of level V such as Juniperus procumbens (Siebold ex Endl.) Miq., 4 taxa of level IV such as Wisteria japonica Siebold & Zucc., 45 taxa of level III such as Rubus trifidus Thunb., 16 taxa of level II such as Glehnia littoralis F. Schmidt and 56 taxa of level I such as Carpesium glossophyllum Maxim. There are 32 invasive plants including Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.