• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.550-555
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• 2008

An efficient production method of spirulina extract was developed by enzymatic treatment using proteolytic enzymes. The suitable dosage of Tunicase, a cell lytic enzyme, was used to be 2.0% (w/w). To maximize solid recovery and spirulina extraction (SE) index, which indicates nucleic acid-related substances content, the dosage of Alcalase, commercially available pretense, was found to be 1.0% (w/w). By simultaneous treatments using optimal dosages of Tunicase and Alcalase, the highest SE index and solid recovery were obtained. The SE index and solid recovery of simultaneous treatments were notably enhanced by 100% ($11.4%\;{\rightarrow}\;22.8%$) and 56% ($45.2%\;{\rightarrow}\;70.7%$), respectively, than those of the non-treated extracts.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.561-568
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to introduce a simple method for isolation of ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin, ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and bovine serum albumin from cow's milk, and peptides produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin, ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and bovine serum albumin with alcalase. Whey protein were precipitated from whey by ammonium sulfate and, ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin were isolated using Hi Prep 26/60 Sephacryl S-100 column gel filtration chromatography. Bovine serum albumin and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin were isolated by Mono-Q 5/50 GL column anion exchange chromatography of the 50% Ammonium Sulfate-supernatant. Isolated whey proteins were hydrolyzed by proteolytic alcalase. Tricine SDS-PAGE and reverse-phase HPLC analyses revealed that almost hydrolyzed all the ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin, ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and bovine serum albumin with alcalase. Molecular weight of various peptides derived from alcalase hydrolysate were small molecular weight than 3.5 kDa.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.609-614
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• 2008

The concentrations and catalytic activities of enzymes control metabolic rates. Previous studies have focused on enzyme concentrations because there are no genome-wide techniques used for the measurement of enzyme activity. We propose a method for evaluating the significance of enzyme activity by integrating metabolic network topologies and genome-wide microarray gene expression profiles. We quantified the enzymatic activity of reactions and report the 388 significant reactions in five perturbation datasets. For the 388 enzymatic reactions, we identified 70 that were significantly regulated (P-value < 0.001). Thirty-one of these reactions were part of anaerobic metabolism, 23 were part of low-pH aerobic metabolism, 8 were part of high-pH anaerobic metabolism, 3 were part of low-pH aerobic reactions, and 5 were part of high-pH anaerobic metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.401-414
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• 2013

Ginsenoside Rg3 (G-Rg3) contained only in red ginseng has been found to show various pharmacological effects such as an anticancer, antiangiogenetic, antimetastastic, liver protective, neuroprotective immunomodulating, vasorelaxative, antidiabetic, insulin secretion promoting and antioxidant activities. It is well known that G-Rg3 could be divided into 20(R)-Rg3 and 20(S)-Rg3 according to the hydroxyl group attached to C-20 of aglycone, whose structural characteristics show different pharmacological activities. It has been reported that G-Rg3 is metabolized to G-Rh2 and protopanaxadiol by the conditions of the gastric acid or intestinal bacteria, thereby these metabolites could be absorbed, suggesting its absolute bioavailability (2.63%) to be very low. Therefore, we reviewed the chemical, physical and biological transformation methods for the production on a large scale of G-Rg3 with various pharmacological effects. We also examined the influence of acid and heat treatment-induced potentials on for the preparation method of higher G-Rg3 content in ginseng and ginseng products. Futhermore, the microbial and enzymatic bio-conversion technologies could be more efficient in terms of high selectivity, efficiency and productivity. The present review discusses the available technologies for G-Rg3 production on a large scale using chemical and biological transformation.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.337-343
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• 2010

It has been well known that organic solvents like t-butanol and n-hexane can protect lipases from the inhibition by short-chain alcohols in the enzymatic transesterification. However, use of the organic solvents should be minimized considering their negative effects on environment and human health. Therefore, use of the greener solvents has been pursued in various are as including the enzymatic biotranformation. In this study, the liquid carbon dioxide ($LCO_2$) was employed as an alternative media for the enzymatic transesterification of canola oil. The conversion in the $LCO_2$ was comparable with those in organic solvents and the supercritical carbon dioxide, and under optimum conditions, the value reached 99.7%. It is expected that this method can provide a new type of biodiesel production process with higher energy efficiency and lower environmental impact.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.246-255
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• 1996

To develop a natural antioxidative peptide, the gelatin was extracted from fish (Yellowfin sole) skin by hot $water(50^{\circ}C)$ extraction method and hydrolyzed with Alcalase, pronase and collagenase through a continuous 3-step membrane reactor. Each step enzymatic hydrolysates were determined the antioxidative activity and their synergistic effects, compared with $\alpha-tocopherol$ and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Also, we tried to investigate the antioxidative disposition of peptide which was successfully separated by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, and HPIC in cultured rat hepatocytes intoxicated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). Second step enzymatic hydrolysate (SSEH) among all hydrolysates and $\alpha-tocoperol$ was showed the strongest antioxidative activity. The optimum concentration of antioxidative activity for SSEH was $1\%(w/w)$ in linoleic acid. The synergistic effects were increased in using the hydrolysate with tocopherol and BHT. In the presence of the peptide isolated from SSEH, supplemented hepatocytes exposed to TBHP showed that delayed cell killing and decreased significantly the lipid peroxidation, compared with hepatocytes not cultured with isolated peptide.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.293-299
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• 2020

This study was undertaken to optimize combining the processes of enzymatic hydrolysis and extraction for lycopene production from autumn olive berry. The autumn olive berry was pulverized and suspended in water, followed by treatment with various hydrolytic enzymes including Ceremix, Celluclast, AMG, Viscozyme, Pectinex, Promozyme, Ultraflo and Tunicase. Reaction solutions were subjected to extraction by applying different organic solvents including acetone, ethyl acetate, hexane and chloroform. Highest yields of lycopene extraction were obtained with the Ceremix (hydrolysis enzyme) and chloroform (extraction solvent) combination. Subsequently, using this ideal combination, enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, including enzyme concentration, pH and temperature, were statistically optimized to 0.58%, 5.5 and 54.4℃, respectively, by applying the response surface method. The lycopene extraction yield increased 2.3-fold (22.6 mg/100g) by using the selected combined process. We propose that these results could be used for the future development of bioactive materials required for bio-health care products.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2024

Most medical sensors are disposable products. In order to reduce inspection and diagnosis costs, it is more important to develop the inexpensive electrode materials. We fabricated the CuO NPs/PANI/E-PGE as an electrode material for disposable electrochemical sensors and applied it to a non-enzymatic glucose sensor. For surface activation of PGE, pretreatment was performed using chemical and electrochemical methods, respectively. Electrochemical properties according to the pretreatment method were analyzed through chronoamperometry (CA), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance (EIS). From these analytical results, the electrochemically pretreated PGE (E-PGE) was finally adopted. The non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on CuO NPs/PANI/E-PGE shows sensitivity of 239.18 mA/mM×cm² (in a linear range of 0.282~2.112 mM) and 36.99 mA/mM×cm² (3.75423~50 mM), detection limit of 17.6 μM and good selectivity. Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that the modified PGE is a high-performance electrode material. Therefore, these electrodes can be applied to a variety of disposable sensors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 1993

Protoplasts of palisade cells were aseptically isolated from leaves of Nicotiono apicona Merxm. by the one step enzymatic method. Efficiency of colony formation were depended on cell density and light condition during incubation, but an intensity of 47 ft-c during a period of 2 weeks after isolation of the protoplasts in the Nagata and Takebe's medium promoted the planting efficiency. Protoplast - derived calli of N. africana can be differentiated into shoot when cultured on Murashige and skoog's medium containing IAA(0.Smg/$\ell$) and zeatin(5.0mg/$\ell$).

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.359-370
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• 1995

Kimchi is a traditional fermented vegetable in Korea. It has unique taste and flavor due to the variability of raw vegetable, subingredient and their ratio of combination. Fermentation method have very critical effect on these charicteristics. Overall taste of Kimchi is also influenced by texture. In this paper, the changes in texture of Kimchis were reviewed related to pectic substance, enzymatic activities and other chemical changes during the fermentation of Kimchi. Moreover, treatments to prevent softening of Kimchi texture such as preheating, CaCl$_2$ addition, their combination effect and chitosan addition were summarized from the literatures.