• 농업과학연구
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2008

The principle goal of environmentally-friendly agriculture is to maintain and conserve water and agriculture environment including drinking water resources by properly using agricultural materials such as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizers, and other agricultural materials according to act 19 of foster law of environmentally-friendly agriculture. To achieve these goals, we have to establish Integrated Nutrient Management(INM) and Integrated Pesticide Management(IPM) which are most important core technologies for environmentally-friendly rice cultivation. However, there are lack of criteria and technology for evaluation category according to soil management and its soil classes to practice an environmentally-friendly agriculture. Therefore, we should eatablish the standards to produce the safe agricultural products based on the soil physical and chemical characteristics which are basic properties of soil to accomplish the principle aims of environmentally-friendly agriculture.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2007

Most of current building materials are made of organic compounds or at least made with chemical treatments. Though easy to use and comparatively pay less, those materials are generally not enviornmentally sound. VOC is one of harmful effects. On contrary, natural materials such as soil are usually eco-friendly, and environmentally sustainable as well if not treated in autoclaves. Acoustica materials made of such environmentally sound and sustainable could be widely used. It is aimed to prove that soil based materials could be effectively used in acoustical fields rather than the other usual materials. Experiments with various types of soil blocks and soil plaster were performed. It is proved that the soil plaster has better apsorption features than cement plaster. Soil blocks have higher absorption cofficients than soil plaster, due to the thickness, and the absorption characteristics can be controlled by the design of the blocks.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.243-253
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• 2005

생태계에서 물질 순환에 있어서 교환과 저장의 가장 중요한 역할을 하는 토양은 급격한 농업생태계 내 유해 물질의 증가로 국민건강과 관련한 사회적 문제로 대두되었고 있다. 이러한 토양은 토양의 기본 특성인 생산성과 환경요인이 복합된 토질 (Soil Quality)이라는 개념으로 해석되고 있어 지속적으로 친환경농업을 유지하기 위한 토양 관리지표는 매우 중요하다. 토양은 분포 범위도 다양하고, 토질에 관여하는 여러 환경적 요건의 변화도 다양하므로 토질에 관여되는 각 변수들에 대한 환경 위해성을 고려한 토질 기준 설정이 필요하다. 그리고 친환경 농산물의 생산을 위한 토양 관리 방법과 기준은 여전히 미흡한 실정이므로 토질 개념화의 변수들을 파악하고 이에 따른 토양 관리 방법에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 1997

This study was initiated to build runoff plots, install soil and water quality monitoring systems and collect background data from the plots and neighboring soils as the 1st year study of a 5 year project to assess soil quality and develop the management practices for environmentally sound agriculture in mountainous soils. Eleven $3{\times}15m$ runoff plots and monitoring systems were installed at a field of National Alpine Agricultural Experiment Station to monitor soil quality and discharge of nonpoint source pollutants. Corn and potato were cultivated under different fertilizer, tillage and residue cover treatments. The soil has a single-layered cluster structure that has a relatively good hydrologic properties and can adsorb a large amount of nutrient. Concentrations of T-N, $NH_4$-N, and $NO_3$-N of surface soil sampled in the winter were relatively high. Runoff quality in the winter and thawing season in the spring was largely dependent on surface freezing, snow accumulation, temperature, surface thawing depth and so on. Runoff during the thawing season caused serious soil erosion but runoff quality during the winter was relatively good. Serious wind erosion from unprotected fields after the fall harvest were obserbed and best management practices to reduce the erosion need to be developed.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1997년도 추계 국제학술심포지움 논문집
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• pp.145-159
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• 1997

제주도는 독특한 경관과 자연·인문환경을 관광자원으로 하는 우리나라 제1의 관광지이다. 지금까지는 각종 관광시설들이 해안지역을 중심으로 발달되어 왔으나, 근래에 이르러서는 해안지역의 도시가격의 상승, 관광객의 다양한 관광활동 요구 등으로 인하여 표고 200∼600m의 중산간지역에 대한 개발압력이 가중되고 있다. 그러나 중산간지역은 토양과 지질구조가 지하수 오염에 매우 취약하며, 제주도의 생태계를 유지시키는 완충지대의 역할을 하고 있고, 제주도의 대표적인 경관지역이기 때문에 환경보전적 토지이용이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 이 연구는 일차적으로 제주도 전역에 대한 각종 조사를 시행하고 그 결과를 GIS로 구축하였다. 여기에는 자연·인문·지하수·경관 등에 걸쳐 15개 항목에 대한 조사가 이루어졌으며, 42개 주 제도가 구축되었다. 두 번째 단계에서는 구축된 GIS를 이용하여 지하수, 생태계, 경관보전을 위한 토지이용계획을 수립하고 이에 따른 관리방안이 제시되었다. 이러한 환경보전적 토지이용계획은 장래 중산간지역의 난개발을 미연에 방지하고 환경에 부담을 주지 않으면서 개발을 유도 할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.45-71
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• 2001

The duck-rice forming system is increasingly spread up throughout Korea since 1992. It is discussed the rice field, rice quality, weed and pest management in the duck-rice weeding system compared to conventional farming system. Moreover the optimizing duck population, system management and fertilizer application rate were reported. Energy input and output by duck-rice farming system were carefully compared with those of low input sustainable paddy field and conventional farming paddy field. To find out the environmentally sound function of duck-rice system, the total nitrogen in paddy soil and paddy water, and nitrogen cycle in paddy rice cultivation system were analysed. finally the input and output were calculated, and ecological characteristic were determined in terms of nitrogen balance, labor input, animal input, renewable energy input, turnover of soil organic matter, energy loss, non-renewable indirect and direct energy input. It was concluded duck-rice weeding system could be recommended in terms of net only environmentally sound, but also farmer's income. But there are still some research needs for successful adaption of duck-rice farming to investigate to determine the optimal population of duck in rice paddy field unit, release time of duckling, duck management after release, and strategy for duck marketing and duck processing.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.71-85
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• 1997

현재 우리나라에서 휴 폐광된 광산수는 약 500여개가 넘는 것으로 추정되고 있다. 휴 폐광된 광산은 경관의 저해 및 분진발생, 중금속에 의한 토양, 지하수 및 하천오염, 산성광산 배수의 생선, 지반붕괴 등 안전사고의 위험 등의 환경문제를 안고 있다. 국내에서 조사된 일부 휴 폐광된 금속광산의 오염현황을 보면 폐석 방치, 침출수, 갱내수의 유출, 인근 하천 및 토양의 중금속 오염, 시설물의 붕괴위험을 안고 있는 폐광산이 상당히 발견되고 있다. 휴 폐광된 광산의 관리대책으로서는 법규를 정비하여 토양환경보전법에 광산지역의 토양오염기준 복원기준 등이 설정되어야 한다. 또한 광산폐수, 폐기물을 적절히 처리해야 하며 지반침하대책 및 폐광의 지하공간 활용 등에 관한 연구가 진행되어야한다. 이러한 대책을 추진하기 위해서는 무엇보다도 먼저 휴 폐광에 대한 조사가 선행되어야 하며 오염복원순위의 설정, 재원 및 전문인력의 확충이 필요하다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1998

In the 2nd year study of a 5 year project to evaluate the soil quality and develop the best management practices for mountaineous soils, 11 runoff plots were treated and monitored with respect to physical property of the soil, runoff and sediment discharge, and the following results were obtained. 1. Bulk density and porosity did not show any siginificant difference between experimental treatments. 2. Runoff was basically dependent on the soil's physical property and tillage. Up-and-down plots showed the highest runoff while contour plots the lowest runoff. 3. Sediment yield in the mountaineous soils was directly related to tillage and residue cover. Residue covered plots showed the lowest sediment yield and up-and-down plots the highest sediment yield. And it is recommended that the best management practices using till_age and residue cover for the mountaineous soils must be developed to protect soil quality and maintain agricultural productivity.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1247-1255
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• 2007

Soil biofiltration is an environmentally-sound technology for elimination of VOCs, odorous and $NO_X$ compounds from a low concentration, high volume waste gas streams because of its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. This study investigated the optimal mixture fraction of briquet ash, compost, soil and loess for $NO_X$ degradation. Extreme vertices design was used to examine the role of four components on $NO_X$ degradation. Under our experimental conditions, 74.5% of $NO_X$ degradation was observed, using a model mixture(25% briquet ash, 10% compost, 30% soil and 40% loess) containing 100 ppb of NO. It was shown that experimental design analysis could allow selecting optimal conditions in such biodegradation processes in this study.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.124-134
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• 1997

As control of plant diseases, insects and weeds were heavily relied on pesticides, residues of pesticides in environment and food supply were recently focused by environmentalists and consumer groups. The reduction of pesticide use was implemented in Sweden, Denmark, Netherland, England, and United States. Therefore, it is very important to discuss environmentally sound systems of weed management including cultural, mechanical, and integrated weed control. Mechanical methods using tillage, cultivation, mulching, burning, mowing, solarization, and UHF are used as one of most effective environmentally sound weed management systems. Cultural practices favoring the crops are excellent weed management measures. Correct seedbed preparation for the soil and cultural system, and use competitive cultivars contribute to weed management. Increasing crop density by higher seeding rate or by narrowing row width and careful attention to optimum fertility to produce vigorous crop plants increase competitiveness of crops against weeds. Crop rotation breaks life cycles of weeds by alternating the crop it must associate with. Herbicides are efficient and profitable to control weeds, but must be part of a total weed management program with use of minimum rate. The best weed management will be an integrated approach including two or more methods to manage weed problems.