• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.53-53
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• 2022

Modem agricultural production needs to provide sustainable management practices that are eco-friendly and low cost. Plant extracts are a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic plant growth regulators. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the effects of various plant extracts produced using different extraction methods on the vegetative growth of rice under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. For this study, seventeen plant extracts were made from plant species such as leaves of M. arvense, C. asiatica, M. oleifera, V. radiata, V. unguiculate, P. guajava, A. vera, and A. tuberosum, aboveground plant parts of C. rotundus, M. sativa, and P. frutescens, roots of R. undulatum, tubers of A. sativum, leaves and stems of G. max (cv. Taegwang) as well as rice straw and hulls (cv. Hopyeong). As a test crop, we applied these extracts to rice plants. For the purpose of making our extracts, some plant materials and species were collected in fields and others were purchased from Chonnam Hanyaknonghyup Cooperation (South Korea). Leaves, roots, and aboveground plant parts of plant species were dried, ground, extracted (water, boiling water and ethanol) and fermented. Rice growth promotion effects were determined using plant extracts at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1% concentrations under petri dish conditions. Seven selected plant extracts were applied to rice seeds with soil drench application or seedling at 3-4 leaf stages with soil and foliar applications under greenhouse conditions. For comparison with extracts, we used urea at 0.6%. Of the 17 water extracts used in this study, 10 extracts reduced rice growth, but the other 7 extracts (P. guajava, A. vera, A. tuberosum, M. sativa, A. sativum, and G. max) increased growth by 40-60% on compared to the control in Petri dish bioassay. Thus, these 7 extracts were selected for further study. Under greenhouse conditions, rice growth also increased by 20-40% when the same 7 extracts were applied to rice seeds using soil drench application. Furthermore, at the 3-4 leaf stage rice growth also increased 30-80% or 30-60% when the same 7 extracts were applied using soil and foliar applications. Overall, the 7 extracts produced higher rates of growth promotion when soil drench application was used than when foliar application was used. In the case of boiling water and ethanol extracts, rice growth increased only 20% in response to both soil drench and foliar application of the same 7 extracts. Rice growth promotion was greater when extracts were produced using water extraction method than boiling water and ethanol extraction methods. Most notably, the 7 water extracts used in this study produced higher rates of growth promotion than urea at 0.6% which is typically used for crop growth promotion. Overall, the 7 water extracts when applied using soil drenching method can be used as effective growth promotors of rice in organic agriculture.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권21호
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• pp.5-55
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• 2000

The cultural properties are damaged by various causes according to the characteristics of material, the condition of preservation, and the period of time. Especially, biodeterioration makes lots of damages in organic properties than inorganic ones. The damages of wooden cultural properties by insects usually are caused by the three orders; Isoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. As the result of investigation on the state of 141 buildings of wooden cultural properties in 1999, some of them were damaged by many kinds off actors; wasp, powder post beetle, cigarette beetle, termite, decay, and physical cracking. And it was found that the patterns of damages were related to species-specific habits of insects. There are several methods of pest control for the prevention of wooden cultural properties from damages caused by insects. Those are as follows; physical control, chemical control, biological control, and integrated pest management. When insects and fungi were detected at the wooden buildings, the fumigation is best treatment to stop biodeterioration. And then, wood materials also need to be treated with insecticidal and antiseptic chemicals to avoid a reinfestation, because the fumigant is volatile. The six commercial chemicals which are applied to the insecticidal and antiseptic treatment of wooden cultural properties were purchased to test their abilities. According to the comparative results of efficacy of them in laboratory, chemical D showed excellent efficacy in all items, including antiseptic and termiticidal items. The goal of these pest controls is to protect wooden buildings from insects and microorganisms. The most effective method used currently is chemical control(fumigation, insecticidal and anticeptic chemical treatment), but it has to be treated periodically to control pest effectively. Recently environmentally-friendly control methods such as bait system or biological treatments are replacing traditional barrier treatments using large amounts of chemicals. Especially, termite is a social insect which makes a colony. Although a building with fumigation treatment is safe for a while, once attacked building has a risk of damage by reinfestation of termite. Therefore, to control termites from damaged building, the entire colony including reproductives(queen and king) and larvae around buildings must beeliminated. Bait system can be used as a preventive measure in early detection of them through termites colony monitoring and baiting. It would be the most effective for termite control if bait system would be used together with the chemical controls.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of seeding timing and method of rye and/or hairy vetch on seasonal soil and foliar nutrient concentrations as well as fruit quality in a pesticide-free pear orchard. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatments included as followed: single seeding of rye in September (Sep-Mono), November (Nov-Mono), and January (Jan-Mono), or mix seeding of rye+hairy vetch in November (Nov-Mix) and January (Jan-Mix), or sod culture as a control. Cover crops or vegetation was mown and mulched on the soil surface in April and May for two years. Nov-Mix treatment produced the highest dry matter weight of $12,070kg\;ha^{-1}$, with the lowest dry matter weight for sod culture ($6,520kg\;ha^{-1}$), following Jan-Mix ($7,030kg\;ha^{-1}$). Nov-Mix treatments increased potential amount of N, P, and K from the raw materials of the cover crops as well as improved soil physical properties. Nov-Mix treatments overall elevated soil pH, EC, organic matter, and $P_2O_5$ in May compared to other cover crop treatments or sod culture. The difference of the seasonal nutrient concentrations in leaves or fruit qualities were not consistently occurred amongst treatments. CONCLUSION: Nov-Mix treatments showed playing role in a substitute of a chemical fertilizer. Delayed seeding of cover crops such as Jan-Mix did not increase the potential dry matter production due to the short growing period, and the seeding time would affect the dry matter production of cover crops.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.681-692
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• 2017

최근 들어 사회 간접시설 확충 및 경제발전 계획에 의하여 전국적으로 도로 확포장공사 및 신도시 건설 등 대규모 공사가 이루어지며 이로 인하여 인위적인 사면 훼손이 급격히 증가되고 있다. 기존의 비탈면녹화공법인 식생 기반재 취부공법은 결합력의 부족이나 건조화, 유기물의 부족 등의 문제점들을 보이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 천연부엽토, 바크퇴비, 코코피트, 질석이 포함되어 사용되고 있는 식생 기반재와 친환경적인 토양첨가제를 활용하여 연구수행을 하였다. 토양첨가제의 혼합비율에 따라 압축강도를 측정하였으며 식생 기반재와 토양첨가제를 혼합하여 흙다짐시험방법을 준용하여 몰드높이, 다짐횟수, 다짐방법(층), 양생 조건 등으로 하여 사면 보호용 녹생토 재료특성에 관한 실험을 진행하였다. 실험결과, 석고계 시멘트를 사용한 토양 첨가제에서 우수한 강도 성능이 나타났으며, 성능 향상제와 pH조절제를 사용함으로써 식생 생육기준에 만족하였다. 녹생토와 토양첨가제의 혼합에 따라 강도가 증가하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 사면 보호 안정성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Composites Research
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2023

발포체를 성형하기 위한 방법으로는 여러 가지 방법이 있는데 일반적으로 가장 많이 사용되는 방법으로는 발포제를 섞은 레진을 고온, 고압상태에서 발포하는 가압발포 방법과, 압을 주지 않은 고온의 상태에서 발포하는 상압발포 방법이 있다. 발포에 사용되는 고분자들은 상압상태에서 발포를 시키기 위해서는 최적 발포조건에 대한 설계 및 분석이 필요하다. 친환경 바이오 기반 폴리머는 단독으로는 발포가 힘든 문제가 있어 기존의 발포체 제조가 가능한 수지를 혼합하여 발포체를 제조하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 바이오 기반 고분자의 함량 변화에 따른 바이오 기반 고분자와 EVA 혼합 발포체의 특성변화에 대해서 연구하였으며 가교도에 따른 최적 발포 조건에 대해서 연구하였다. 발포체의 기계적 특성 분석을 통해서 발포특성과의 상관관계에 대해서 연구하였다. 이 연구를 통해 바이오 기반 폴리머의 함량이 바이오 기반 폴리머가 포함된 발포체의 물성에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알 수 있었고 상압 및 가압 발포 공정에 따른 차이점을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 바이오 기반 폴리머-EVA 복합 발포체의 상용화 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2019

본 실험은 방울토마토(Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) 농가에서 자가제조한 토착미생물 액비를 3년 및 5년간 연용 처리하였을 때 토양 화학성 및 미생물상과 작물의 생장에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 비교하고자 수행하였다. 실험구는 3-year IM(토착미생물 3년 노지 처리구), 5-year IM(토착미생물 5년 노지 처리구), EM(effective microorganisms; EM 10년 온실 처리구)으로 분류하였고, 모두 1,000배로 희석하여 웃거름으로 관주하였다. IM과 EM 액비 자재의 pH 수준은 16주간 증가하였고 특히 EM의 pH는 1.2정도 상승하였다. IM 자재의 EC는 약간 높았지만 EM과 비슷한 수준인 0.2 dS/m으로 나타났다. 온실 내 포트 실험에서는 IM으로 처리된 토마토 뿌리의 건물중이 크게 증가하였다. 액비 처리에 따른 농가 현장 실험에서는 IM 액비 처리구의 pH는 7.5로 높았고 EC도 8.4 dS/m로 염류 과잉 수준을 보였다. EM 처리구의 유기물함량은 62 g/kg으로 가장 높았고 전질소 등 필수 무기성분 농도를 증가시키는데 영향을 끼쳤다. 하지만 IM 처리구에서도 토마토 생장을 위한 적절한 토양 화학성 수준이 관찰되었다. EM 처리구에서 세균수와 방선균수가 가장 증가하였다. EM으로 처리된 작물의 대량 무기성분 농도는 인산을 제외하고는 높게 나타났고 3-year IM과 5-year IM 처리구에서는 비슷한 무기성분 농도가 관찰되었다. 잎의 SPAD와 PSII 수준은 3-year IM 처리에서 낮게 나타났다. 토마토 작물의 엽폭, 엽장, 엽수, 수관면적, 초장, 경경은 생육 중기에는 EM 처리구에서 높은 수준이었으나 생육 후기에는 처리구 간에 비슷하였다. EM 처리로 잎 건물중은 IM 처리보다 2배 이상 높았지만 수확과수는 2배 이상 감소되었다.