• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.465-473
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• 2012

Prognosis is an anticipation of the probable response to periodontal therapy and a long-term prospect for maintaining a functional dentition. Hopeless cases or cases of simple gingivitis without systemic diseases generally have little problem to establish definite prognoses. However, it might become somewhat challenging to determine their prognoses in borderline cases. A risk factor for periodontal disease may be environmental, behavioral, or biologic factors that can be defined as an occurrence has been associated with destructive periodontitis. Some risk factors are modifiable, while others cannot be modified. Modifiable risk factors are environmental or behavioral in nature in contrast non-modifiable risk factors are usually intrinsic to the individual and therefore not easily changed. In this review, we will assess the various modifiable or non-modifiable risk factors for susceptibility 10 periodontal diseases.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2017

Objectives: Children may be more exposed to certain environmental contaminants because they react with greater sensitivity and have different food intakes and breathing rate per unit of body weight compared to adults. The aim of this study was to determine general exposure factors such as skin surface area, period and frequency of exposure, and others among Korean children aged ${\leq}18$ years old. This study was carried out as the first of its kind in Korea. Methods: We developed 23 recommended exposure factors for Korean children aged 0 to 18 years by reclassifying raw data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Statistical Information Service, as well as through investigation by experiments in the absence of related data. Results: Reflecting the activity patterns of about 9,000 children, the daily inhalation rates for long-term exposure ranged from $9.49m^3/day$ for children from birth to <2 years to $14.98m^3/day$ for children aged 16 to <18 years. The research found that Korean children spent an average of 22.21 hours indoors, 0.67 hours outdoors, and 1.12 hours in-transit every day. Young children (${\leq}2$ years old) spent approximately 34 more minutes outdoors on weekends than they did on weekdays. Conclusion: Various physiological variables in the human body reflect characteristics of children that can directly influence risk exposure. Therefore, the identification of general exposure factors based on Korean children is required for appropriate risk assessment.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors increasing fall risk in the residential environment risk and the perceived fall risk among the older adults who received home care services to provide information for developing a comprehensive falls intervention program. Methods: The subjects were 227 community-dwelling elderly aged 65 years and over who were taken care of by home-visiting nurses of the national health centers. The data were collected from July to August in 2012 using the Choi's residential environmental risk scale (2010) and the Hong's fall risk scale (2011). Results: Requires an assistive devices to walk, modified residential environment, health security, approval certificate of LTC, residential safety perception, residential environment risk, and perception of fall risk were statistically significant risk factors. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that room & kitchen, physical perception, medication & ADL perception, floor-related environmental perception, and daily living tool-related perception were statistically significant predictors of fall. Conclusion: The results showed that the residential environment and the perceived fall risk were associated with fall experiences among the elderly. It is necessary to develope multifactorial intervention programs considering both environmental and perceived risk factors as well as physical risk factors to reduce and prevent falls among the elderly.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.269-277
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• 2009

Objective : The objective of this study was to examine how experts and the public perceived various environmental and technological hazards based on psychometric paradigm. Methods : We conducted a survey that included 30 hazards and 10 risk attributes. Subjects of this study were 214 people with three groups; (1) experts (55 people), (2) graduates( 78 people), (3) under graduates (81 people). Factor analysis was used to confirm the common risk attribute from 8 risk attributes. Also, multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing on perceived risk and benefit of hazards. Results : This study revealed that experts tend to be more tolerant than graduates and under graduate students for the 30 hazards. Using factor analysis, two main factors were identified: factor 1, commonly called "Dread Risk", and factors 2, commonly called, "Unknown Risk" in the literature. We identified that environmental hormone concentration and global warming ranked high in both dread risk and unknown risk. Multiple regression models were used to test the association of perceived social risk and perceived social benefit with two main factors. Dread risk had significant explanatory power on perceived social risk and benefit. We identified that the experts were less likely to perceived dread risk and know more information about the hazards. Conclusions : There were differences of risk perception between experts and lay people. Especially, experts' perception of risk was commonly lower than other people's perception.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.149-169
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the environmental characteristics of adolescents in low-income families, identify the high-risk & protective factors among environmental contexts surrounding adolescents, and investigate the relative importance of high-risk & protective factors to adolescents'psychological and behavioral adjustment separately. The present study was the primary research of developing prevention program for adolescents'deviant behaviors in low-income families. Subjects of this study consisted of 176 adolescents drawn from 8 social-welfare institutions in Chungbuk province. The pilot study was done to examine the applicability of survey instrument. Data were analyzed by the frequency, percentage, Pearson correlation, stepwise regression using SPSS/WIN program. The results were as followings: 1. There was statistically correlated with each other in environmental high-risk and protective factors except an housing environment. The results implies that environmental contexts itself surrounding adolescents in low-income families can be either high-risk factors or protective factors. 2. The adolescents in low-income families perceived that stresses from consumer and school environments were high-risk factors among other environmental contexts. 3. The adolescents in low-income families perceived that resources from friend and school were protective factors among other environmental contexts. 4. The stresses from friend and eating behaviors were significant factors predicting adolescents'relative psychological adjustment. However, the behavioral adjustment was not predicted by environmental contexts. 5. The resources from school, consumer, and eating behaviors were significant factors predicting adolescents'relative psychological adjustment. Also, the resources from school, eating behavior, and family were predictors of behavioral adjustment. This research implies that the findings can be based on the development of prevention program for adolescents deviant behaviors in low-income families.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.66-77
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• 2022

Objective: This study is a systematic review conducted to analyze the environmental factors that cause falls in the older adult. Design: Systematic review Methods: The study was conducted by searching the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean studies Information Service System (KISS), and Data Base Periodical Information Academic (DBpia) databases for literature published in South Korea up to July 2020. A total of 12 studies were selected for analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The results of the analysis revealed that all the selected literature were surveys and the study subjects were 65 years of age and above. The sample size ranged from a minimum of 95 subjects to a maximum of 3,278. A total of eight tools were used to measure the environmental factors associated with falls. The prevalence and recurrence of falls increase with age and deterioration of health. Older adult individuals who experience falls encounter difficulties in recovering from impaired physical function and disability; moreover, in severe cases, falls may lead to death. Falls are largely associated with a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic (i.e., environmental) factors. The purpose of this study was to assess potential extrinsic risk factors for falls. Falls occur in indoor environments, such as washrooms, bathrooms and living rooms, and outdoor environments, including roads and stairways, depending on the season, time of day, and use of ambulatory aids. In such environments, falls are mainly caused by slipping and stuttering. Conclusions: Therefore, as the rate of fall is influenced by several factors, extrinsic factors should be improved by developing comprehensive accident prevention programs that address the improvement of environmental risk factors around places of residence to reduce risk factors among the older adult, who, especially, are at a high risk for falls.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7613-7618
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• 2015

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common hematologic malignancies which accounts for one fourth of all childhood cancer cases. Exposure to environmental factors around the time of conception or pregnancy can increase the risk of ALL in the offspring. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of prenatal and postnatal exposure to high voltage power lines on the incidence of childhood ALL. It also examines the role of various factors such as environmental factors and alpha-amylase as a marker in the development of leukemia.This cross-sectional case control study was carried out on 22 cases and 100 controls who born and lived in low socioeconomic families in Tehran and were hospitalized for therapeutic purposes in different hospitals ofrom 2013-2014. With regard to the underlying risk factors; familial history and parental factors were detected as risk factors of ALL but in this age, socioeonomic and zonal matched case control study, prenatal and childhood exposure to high voltage power lines was considered as the most important environmental risk factor (p=0.006, OR=3.651, CI 95% 1.692-7.878). As the population study was from low socioeconomic state, use of mobiles, computers and microwaves was negligible. Moreover prenatal and postnatal exposure to all indoor electrically charged objects were not detected as significant environmental factors in the present study. This work defined the risk of environmental especially continuous pre and postnatal exposure to high voltage power lines and living in pollutant regions through the parents or children as well as the previously described risk factors of ALL for the first time in low socioeconomic status Iranian population.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2013

A sea dike construction has been increased in Korea because of the actively deployed reclamation project in basis of efficient application in land. The degree of completion in sea dike construction is affected by final closing construction, which has a lot of uncertainty that often results in higher accidents rate. Therefore, this research identified risk factors of final closing construction and classified them. This research examines the likelihood and its impact for each risk factor and calculates the risk degree as to the risk matrix. Based on this, the impact and the environmental conditions that affect to risk factors are investigated and further responsive methods are established for each risk factor. Ultimately, this research attempts to provide the risk retrenchment method for inspectors by proposing risk estimation model, responsive action list, and risk management process.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2023

This study aimed to determine relationships among risk factors influencing container port operation using Bayesian network. Risk factors identified from prior studies were classified into five groups: human error, machinery error, environmental risk, security risk, and natural disasters. P anel experts discussed identified risk factors to fulfil conditional probability tables of the interdependence model. The interdependence model was also validated by sensitivity analysis and provided an interrelation of factors influencing the direction of each other. Results of the interdependence model were partially in line with results from prior studies while practices in the global port industry confirmed interrelationships of risk factors. In addition, the relationship between top-ranked risk factors can provide a schematic drawing of the model. Accordingly, results of this study can expand the prior research in the Korean port industry, which may help port authorities improve risk management and reduce losses from the risk.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.175-187
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the potential risk factors - children's factors, parental factors, and familial-environmental factors - with respect to overweight and obesity in Korean preschool children. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and involved 264 pairs of mothers and preschool children aged 3-5 years (121 boys, 143 girls) attending daycare centers in C city. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant risk factors for overweight and obesity in preschool children. Results: According to the multivariate logistic regression, family history of diabetes mellitus as children's factors, overweight or obesity of both parents as parental factors were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of overweight and obesity in preschool children. In addition, lack of community space for physical activity as familial-environmental factors was significantly associated with increased likelihood of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Health care providers should concerned with the risk of overweight and obesity in children with high risk familial factors, such as family history of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Moreover, policies should be set in place to make sure communities include space that foster physical activity in young children.