• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2016

Since 1980s, 30 years has passed after issues on environmental refugee began to appear. However, why environmental refugee is not considered as refugee officially in international society? Above all, it seems that main point is the responsibility given to those developed countries if they, whom led the climate changes, officially acknowledge environmental refugee. The problem is that environmental refugee has no direct responsibility for causing climate changes. Actually. the responsibility should be granted to the developed and industrialized countries which caused climate changes. In accordance to the refugee protection system established under current international law, it is difficult to include them into refugee category and thus, they can hardly have enough support. It is urgently needed that new refugee treat which have the new standard and solution added to it shall be adopted. To allow new refugee treat to be effective it is compulsory to have constant and binding policy determination and willingness of execution from a united international organization. Of course, before this, countries should try to have common recognition on recognizing new refugee problem and its seriousness as well as solving those problems together. In reality, it is worth considering adoption of semi-forceable type of system as a more effective way, which allocates responsibility of accepting refugee by amount of carbon emitted. Also, as refugee issue has an important influence on mother company and the third countries, execution process of the system has to be defined clearly. For those permanent organizations, they should accurately define environmental factors making refugee and set standards to minimize possibility of abuse and misuse.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.103-122
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the variables affecting parenting efficacy of North Korean refugee mothers. The selected variables were marital satisfaction, social support, and acculturation. The participants consisted of 105 mothers who had defected from North Korea with preschool children living in Seoul, Gwangmyeong-si, and Gyeongsangnam-do provinces. The data thus collected were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-tests, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that the marital satisfaction and social support had meaningfully positive effects on the parenting efficacy of North Korean refugee mothers. However, marginalization was found to be a predictor of competence-anxiety in parenting. The selected variables derived from the environmental systems in maternal parenting were significant factors in the parenting efficacy of North Korean refugee mothers and furthermore, their sociocultural environments were also important in parenting. These findings clearly showed that marital satisfaction and social support were the most significant variables of parenting efficacy of North Korean refugee mothers. The results of this study appear to have a great deal of utility as preliminary data to improve the parenting efficacy of North Korean refugee mothers.

• 한국사회복지학
• /
• 제61권4호
• /
• pp.191-215
• /
• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 북한이탈 청소년의 학교중도탈락의 영향요인과 그 영향의 정도를 밝히고, 결과를 근거로 사회복지실천 개입전략과 정책적 제안을 마련하는 것이다. 성별, 학업성취역량 인식, 자아존중감, 학교 문화적응스트레스와 같은 개인내적 특성이 학교중도탈락의 주요 영향요인이며, 부모 양육의 질, 또래애착, 가족의 경제수준, 정착기간 등의 환경적 요인들은 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 결론에서 본 연구가 갖는 이론적 기여, 실천 정책적 함의에 대하여 논의하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.18-24
• /
• 2023

동일본 대지진 이후부터 성인 피해자들의 증언을 정리한 보도와 서적 등이 간행되어 당시의 피난 상황을 알려지게 되었다. 그러나 이러한 자료 중 학생들의 피난 상황 정보는 매우 적으며 지진이나 해일에 의해 이들이 어떤 행동을 취하고 피난을 했는지에 대해서는 충분히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 동일본 대지진에서 학생들의 피난 행동을 분석 및 고찰하여 향후 예상되는 재난에 대한 학생들의 피난행동에 관한 지식을 얻는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구결과 학생들은 지진해일에 대한 정보를 수동적으로 얻고 있으며, 피난행동은 성인에 크게 의존하고 있었다. 지진 발생 직후 행동은 흔들림이 멈출 때까지 자신의 몸을 보호하며 가만히 있는 경우가 많았고 흔들림이 잦아든 후 다른 장소로 이동하는 취하는 경향을 알 수 있었다. 지진해일의 위협으로부터 벗어나기 위해 리아스식 해안지역 학생들은 주로 높은 곳으로 이동하였고, 평야지역 학생들은 학교 등 높은 건물로 이동하여 수직 이동하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 피난 장소로의 이동 형태는 한번의 이동으로 최종 피난장소에 도착하였으며 이는 사전에 피난 장소를 결정하고 움직였다고 판단된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2012

The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the location and prospects of the bear shelves built by Asiatic black bears in the Jirisan National Park. Previous researchers have been analyzed bear shelves in terms of places for resting and eating, but we are going to analyze based on the prospect-and-refuge theory. Characteristics of the sites of bear shelves are measured through field survey and topographic analysis by using digital elevation model (DEM). The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used to evaluate the optimum location of bear shelves in terms of crown density. Man-made objects are identified by viewshed analysis based on geographical information system (GIS). Findings of this paper can be summarized as follows. First, most bear trees are located deep inside of the mountainous national park, slopes of 30~40 degrees, altitude of 400~1,200m, and relatively low vegetation density with NDVI value of 0.4~0.6 compared to the average NDVI of the park. Second, the average height of bear shelves is 12.44m, or 74% of the average height of bear trees. They are located at suitable places to observe nearby trails and other park facilities. Third, man-made objects within the 100m radius of bear trees include lodge, bear training center, beekeeping camp, and hiking trails. Thus we may temporarily conclude that one of the main criteria of the bear tree selection in the park has been to identify optimum places for the monitoring of human activities in their habitat.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.15-30
• /
• 2019

Changpo Lake was created as a part of a land reclamation for refugee self-helping projects. It shows characteristics of a fresh water lake, and still retains the early appearance of reclamation that surrounding regions have not been developed into farm lands. Shallow wetland has formed around the lake, which provides great conditions for diverse lives, and surrounding earthiness is favorable for growth of vegetation and restoration of the ecosystem. However, as facilities of the Muan International Airport nearby Changpo Lake are expanding and barns are being constructed, artificialness is gradually increasing. Particularly, since pollution sources such as sport facilities, farm lands and barns are scattered around Changpo Lake, pollutants are flowing in constantly. Accordingly, the results for setting up management areas according to the spatial characteristics and creating natural ecological spaces near Changpo Lake, Taebongcheon stream and Hakgyecheon stream are as follows. First, the creation of a natural eco-friendly waterfront space should be promoted by securing the health of the aquatic ecosystem and restoring species and the ecosystem. In addition, a consultative body needs to be formed to lead local residents to participating in river investigation and monitoring, maintenance, and management through role sharing. Second, the basic direction of the spatial management plan is to keep the unique charm of Changpo Lake, maintain harmony with nature, create diverse waterfront areas, and secure the continuity of Changpo Lake and inflow streams. Moreover, the area should be divided into three zones such as a conservation zone, a restoration zone and a waterfront zone, and for each zone, the preservation of vegetation, the creation of ecological wetlands and restoration of the ecotone and ecological nature need to be promoted. Third, facilities and activity programs for each space of Changpo Lake should be operated for efficient management of protected areas. In order to suit the status of each space, biological habitats, water purification spaces, experiential and learning spaces, and convenience and rest spaces should be organized and designated as research, monitoring, education, and tourism areas. Accordingly, points of interest should be set up within the corresponding area. In this study, there are many parts that need to be supplemented for immediate implementation since the detailed plans and project costs for the promotion of programs by area are not calculated. Therefore, it is necessary to make detailed project plans and consider related projects such as water quality, restoration of habitats, nature learning and observation, and experience of ecological environments based on the categories such as research, monitoring, education and tourism in the future.