• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.359-366
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• 2013

Although many research efforts have been conducted to address the effect of crew members' work skills (e.g., technical and planning skills) on work performance (e.g., work duration and quality) in construction projects, the relationship between skill and performance has generated a great deal of controversy in the field of management (Inkpen and Crossan 1995). This controversy can lead to under- or over-estimations of the overall project schedule, and can make it difficult for project managers to implement appropriate managerial policies for enhancing project performance. To address this issue, the following aspects need to be considered: (a) work performances are determined not only by individual-level work skill but also by the group-level work skill affected by work team members, each member's role, and any working behavior pattern; (b) work planning has significant effects on to what extent work skill enhances performance; and (c) different types of activities in construction require different types of work, skill, and team composition. This research, therefore, develops a system dynamics (SD) model to analyze the effects of both individual-and group-level (i.e., multi-level) skill on performances by utilizing the advantages of SD in capturing a feedback process and state changes, especially in human factors (e.g., attitude, ability, and behavior). The model incorporates: (a) a multi-level skill evolution and relevant behavior development mechanism within a work group; (b) the interaction among work planning, a crew's skill-learning, skill manifestation, and performances; and (c) the different work characteristics of each activity. This model can be utilized to implement appropriate work planning (e.g., work scope and work schedule) and crew management policies (e.g., work team composition and decision of each worker's role) with an awareness of crew's skill and work performance. Understanding the different characteristics of each activity can also support project managers in applying strategic work planning and crew management for a corresponding activity, which may enhance each activity's performance, as well as the overall project performance.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.131-154
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• 2011

Rapid social changes due to digitization have created new psychological challenges of adapting and coping. Plays are in the center of these changes. Plays used to be collateral activities of labor in the traditional society and industrial society, but they have become key activities embracing economy, society, culture in a digital society that has been maximized productivity and efficiency. Still, the theoretical approach of plays is based on the industrial societies. Analyzing these points, the psychological impacts of players using multimedia, social networking, and digital games utilizing both of them was dealt in this article. I dealt with multimedia, social networking, and digital games as key characteristic of digital culture. The difference between traditional psychology and Digital Cultural Psychology was dealt in the perspective of self-concept, information processing, and sex role. Then the conclusion on the future directions of Digital Cultural Psychology and its limitations will be followed.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.3-18
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• 2014

With natural resources-terrestrial or coastal-fastly diminishing, governments are now resorting to biodiversity conservation, fast-tracking the introduction of new legislations, as well as the amendment of existing ones, and laying out programs that interpret existing practices and research agendas. This paper examines how biodiversity conservation-in addition to eco-tourism-has become an important symbol of the modernizing state of Sabah, Malaysia. It further examines the effects of biodiversity conservation on state and community management of natural resources, with particular reference to the management of natural resources by the indigenous peoples of Sabah. Citing case studies and focusing on a forest community at Kiau Nuluh, in the district of Kota Belud, Sabah, this paper evaluates strategies used by indigenous groups to maintain access and control over the management of natural resources-and by implication to livelihoods-via ecotourism, making creative alliances with non-government organisations as well as forging cooperation with government agencies which act as custodians of these resources. For a majority of indigenous groups however, the practice of biodiversity conservation has meant reduced and controlled access to natural resources, considering the fundamental issue of the lack of security of tenure to the land claimed under customary rights. New initiatives at recognizing Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas (ICCAs) by international conservation groups provide a means for tenure recognition, for a price, of course. The recognition of ICCAs also faces obstacles arising from developmentalist ideology which upholds that forests are valuable only when converted to other land use, and not left to stand for their intrinsic value.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.269-278
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• 2023

Enzyme Immobilized Membrane Bioreactors (EMBRs) are a novel method to treat dyes within wastewater. Due to their efficacy and high resistance to the environment, there has been a large amount of research being done in this area. There are a variety of ways to approach EMBRs that include both the enzyme itself and the structure of said enzymes. The bioreactor itself can be modified to suit the needs of the dye removal. Ranging from Enzymatic bioreactors to utilizing nanostructures such as graphene oxide or carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, nanoparticles such as TiO₂ can be used to enhance the EMBR further as well. The polymer-based membrane supporting structure also includes a variety of different ways to approach the problem of increasing efficacy. As seen, during the past decades, different approaches to this issue that utilize EMBRs have been done. This review aims to summarize the methodologies and describe the various improvements to EMBRs that have been made.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.79-89
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• 2023

One of the foremost environmental challenges, alongside the contemporary focus on achieving carbon neutrality, pertains to the pervasive issue of plastic waste. Thermochemical recycling technology, operating under high-temperature conditions to covert organic matter and recycle it into raw materials and energy, represents a transformative approach surpassing the conventional bounds of material recycling predominantly applied in plastic waste management. The thermochemical recycling paradigm is emerging as a pivotal technology within the circular economy, capable of transforming waste plastics into raw materials for producing original plastics. Its significance extends beyond national borders, garnering global attention due to its versatility as a chemical or energy recycling method, contingent upon the subsequent processes and final products. This study aims to scrutinize three quintessential thermochemical recycling technologies: combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis. Furthermore, the study discusses the recent major technology trends of these technologies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.35-53
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• 2023

This study attempts to identify the flow of key topics and issues of research trends related to environment-friendly agriculture conducted around the 2000s in South Korea and compare them with the environment-friendly agriculture promotion plan to seek the level of consistency and the direction of future development of environment-friendly agriculture. For the analysis of environment-friendly agriculture research trends and policy consistency, 'topic modeling', which is suitable for subject classification of large amounts of unstructured data, and 'text network analysis', which visualizes the relationship between keywords as a network and interprets its characteristics, were utilized. Overall, active discussions were held on 'technical discussions for the production and cultivation of environment-friendly agricultural products' and 'food safety & consumer awareness', and keywords such as production, cultivation, consumption, and safety were consistently linked to other keywords regardless of time. In addition, it was found that the issue of environment-friendly agriculture was partially consistent with the policy direction of the period. Considering the fact that the ongoing '5th Environment-Friendly Agriculture Promotion Phase' emphasizes the strengthening of rural environment management and aims to ensure the continuous quantitative and qualitative development of environment-friendly agriculture, active discussions and research on its environmental contributions and management methods are needed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.61-77
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• 2002

This study focuses on drivers' risk perception & construct in risk scene. The measures used were the scores of hazard perception, namely the subjects' evaluation of the degree of risk through the 'Q-sorting' with 30 drivers. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to their evaluating score, Z-score, road users' hazard(type 1), environmental hazard(type 2), situational hazard(type 3). And ten constructs derived from Q-sorting were compared through 'consensus item analysis'. It suggest that there are different in constructs for risk perception. Then those results are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical implication of traffic safety including accidents analysis and drivers' education.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2024

As the use of fossil fuels has gradually increased, so has the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, leading to environmental problems. As a result, lithium-ion batteries (LiB) have emerged as the solution to this issue. To manufacture medium to large-sized lithium-ion batteries (LiB), it requires electrodes with high capacity and fast charging capabilities. Silicon (Si) is considered a next-generation anode with high-capacity properties, so, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was compounded with Si@resorcinol-formaldehyde resin (RF) composite to prevent the volume expansion of Si. It was confirmed that the composite anode prepared exhibited improved capacity and enhanced stability.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2024

The rapid advancement of generative large language models has revolutionized various real-life domains, emphasizing the importance of exploring their applications in healthcare. This study aims to examine how generative large language models are implemented in the medical domain, with the specific objective of searching for the possibility and potential of integration between generative large language models and East Asian medicine. Through a comprehensive current state analysis, we identified limitations in the deployment of generative large language models within East Asian medicine and proposed directions for future research. Our findings highlight the essential need for accumulating and generating structured data to improve the capabilities of generative large language models in East Asian medicine. Additionally, we tackle the issue of hallucination and the necessity for a robust model evaluation framework. Despite these challenges, the application of generative large language models in East Asian medicine has demonstrated promising results. Techniques such as model augmentation, multimodal structures, and knowledge distillation have the potential to significantly enhance accuracy, efficiency, and accessibility. In conclusion, we expect generative large language models to play a pivotal role in facilitating precise diagnostics, personalized treatment in clinical fields, and fostering innovation in education and research within East Asian medicine.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.395-408
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• 2023

This study presents a novel method for addressing the issue of high-concentration contaminants (ammonium, phosphate, antibiotics) in leachate arising from decomposing livestock carcasses. Antibiotics, developed to eliminate microorganisms, often have low biodegradability and can persist in the ecosystem. This research proposes design elements to prevent contamination spread from carcass burial sites. The adsorbents used were low-grade charcoal (an industrial by-product), Alum-based Adsorbent (ABA), and Zeolite, a natural substance. These effectively removed the main leachate contaminants: low-grade charcoal for antibiotics (initial concentration 1.05 mg/L, removal rate 73.4%), ABA for phosphate (initial concentration 2.53 mg/L, removal rate 99.9%), and zeolite for ammonium (initial concentration 38.92 mg/L, removal rate 100.0%). The optimal mix ratio for purifying leachate is 1:1:10 of low-grade charcoal, ABA, and zeolite. The average adsorbent usage per burial site was 1,800 kg, costing KRW 2,000,000 per ton. The cost for the minimum leachate volume (about 12.4 m³) per site is KRW 2,880,000, and for the maximum volume (about 19.7 m³) is KRW 4,620,000. These findings contribute to resolving issues related to livestock carcass burial sites and suggest post-management strategies by advocating for the effective use of adsorbents in leachate purification.