• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.354-364
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• 2017

Considerable amount of resources on roads, basic infrastructure, to promote economic development and distribution of goods is invested. Despite the necessity, its undesirable side effects are various environmental problems In order to efficiently evaluate these problems more than before, planning indictors for environment-friendly road constructions is proposed in this study. First, we make an investigation into real-life cases where the extracted planning indicators were applied. Second, it is suggested that an alternative assessment method efficaciously evaluate and/or adopt extracted planning indictors on road construction projects. Finally, criteria to determine environmental impacts with respect to planning indicators and apply them into real cases is proposed. This study has its significance in upgrading past pro-environmental indictors for road construction, suggesting reasonable applications of planning indicators, and setting criteria to determine environmental impacts based on planning indicators.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2008

The GTL(Gas to Liquids) technology, manufacturing synthesized oil from natural gas, had been developed about 1920 for the military purpose by Fischer and Tropsch, German scientists. And 1960, Sasol company had started commercializing the FT(Fischer-Tropsch) synthesis technology, for the transport fuel in South Africa. Until a recent date, the commercialization of GTL technology had been delayed by low oil price. But concern about depletion of petroleum resources, and development in synthesizing technology lead to spotlight on the GTL businesses. Especially, Qatar, which has rich natural gas fields, aims at utilizing natural gas like conventional oil resources. Therefore, around this nation, GTL plants construction has been promoted. There are mainly 3 processes to make GTL products(Diesel, Naphtha, lube oil, etc) from natural gas. The first is synthesis gas generation unit reforming hydrogen and carbomonoxide from natural gas. The second is FT synthesis unit converting synthesized gas to polymeric chain-hydrocarbon. The third is product upgrading unit making oil products from the FT synthesized oil. There are quite a little sulfur, nitrogen, and aromatic compounds in GTL products. GTL product has environmental premium in discharging less harmful particles than refinery oil products from crude to the human body. In short, the GTL is a clean technology, easier transportation mean, and has higher stability comparing to LNG works.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.276-283
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• 2016

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of effluents from conventional activated sludge (CAS) and biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes on algal bloom in receiving waters. We made multiple effluent sampling from one CAS and two BNR facilities, characterized their effluents, and conducted bioassay using river and ocean water. The bioassay results showed that CAS effluents brought similar productivity in both river and ocean water, while BNR effluents were more reactive and productive in ocean water. Unexpectedly, nitrogen-based biomass yields in ocean water were up to six times larger for BNR effluents than CAS effluent. These results indicated that nitrogen in BNR effluents, although its total concentration is lower than that of CAS effluent, is more reactive and productive in ocean water. The ocean water bioassay further revealed that effluents of BNR and CAS led to considerably different phytoplankton community, indicating that different characteristics of effluents could also result in different types of algal bloom in receiving waters. The present study suggests that effects of upgrading CAS to BNR processes on algal bloom in receiving waters, especially in estuary and ocean, should be further examined.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

This experimental study suggests some alternatives for stable growth and environmental conservation, responding to the unstability of global energy market and the regulations to greenhouse gas reduction. It introduces the energy-chain approach optimizing the whole processes extending energy production, transfer, and exploitation. And the alternatives are covered from low-carbon & environment-friendly energy-specific innovation system, transformation of major industries to low-carbon & environment-friendly industries, upgrading of energy efficiency, procurement of energy sources to policy cluster.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.121-128
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• 2010

Many business enterprises in domestic housing industry are focusing on the development of environment friendly apartment complex to strengthen the competitiveness by upgrading their company's image through differentiation of the qualities and satisfying the customer's needs. Many apartment complex have achieved temporary or real certification by green building certification system, but there weren't enough studies on how much residents are satisfied by their certified complex. In this study, we want to clarify the factors of resident's satisfaction level in certified environment friendly complex by comparing the social and economical characteristics of resident. For this study, we chose and compare 4 environment friendly apartment complex considered to be built by the best environmental way in metropolitan area, and 4 other apartment complex which are also considered to be similar in terms of the condition of location and period of stay.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.60-62
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• 2015

The BIM-based architectural design can be the optimal method to improve all sectors of construction industry and reduce environmental impact through digital technologies. The goals and effects of BIM needs in LH to be newly planned based on the experience of public sectors, which will ultimately contribute to maximization of effectiveness. Referring the excellent case in the UK, the current BIM standards according to maturity level 2 handle the contents related to modeling, collaborative data production, data management and assure BIM data have to be used from building construction to operation and maintenance of buildings. Therefore the strategy for the utilization of BIM for construction projects in LH consisted of three steps; first, the minimization of defects via BIM: second, strengthening the competitiveness of construction and asset management: third, upgrading the system of building production and maintenance control. After this trial, LH can accumulate know-how for building construction to be more costeffective and competitive.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2024

This study explores application of upcycling design methods in structural transformation of second-hand denim clothing, aiming to achieve sustainable design objectives. By drawing inspiration from Liu Qing's research methods in the field of circular utilization of denim clothing, this study collected and analyzed cases of structural transformation of used denim clothing from 2020 to 2023. It summarized structural transformation design methods for used denim clothing. Through the development of design works, this study aims to find out the best upgrading and renovation design strategy by applying the method of structural renovation design. This study aims to support the development of a sustainable fashion industry and promote recycling and upcycling of discarded clothing fabrics, thereby reducing resource waste and environmental impact.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

Hydrogen production from biogas has received consistent attention due to the great potential to solve simultaneously the issues of energy demands and environmental problems. Practically, biomethane produced by purification/upgrading of biogas can be a good alternative to the natural gas which is a main reactant for a steam methane reforming process. Judging from the economic and environmental impacts, however, the steam biogas and dry reforming are considered to be more effective routes for hydrogen production because both processes do not require the carbon dioxide elimination step. Herein, we highlight recent studies of hydrogen production via reforming processes using biogas and effective applications for earlier commercialization.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.497-503
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• 2016

Eco-friendly biocide that do not have noxious chemicals, have a role of disinfection adding of dispersion and strengthening peer power on RO membranes surfaces. Eco-friendly biocide show an 93% improvement of differential pressures arrival time. Also, eco-friendly biocide's Autopsy result show less the percentage of organic pollutants than currently in using biocide. Adding dispersion & peeling strength power to remove the microorganisms is upgrading. Eco-friendly biocide that have a dispersion and peering power is non-toxicant chemicals and is safe for user.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.34-41
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• 2001

It is well known that bioassay on the low organic matters in water have developed from the two methods. One is assimilable organic carbon(AOC) that makes use of the maximum growth biomass of the pure strains for the standard substrates, the other is biodegradable dissolved organic carbon(BDOC) that determines the fraction of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) available for microbial utilization. The purpose of this study was to upgrade the measurement method of BDOC in natural water or drinking water. BBOC was determined by means of the bacterial growth and the DOC decrease at the same time. The origin inoculums were used to the suspended bacteria from Han River water, The initial optimum biomass and incubation time for initial DOC were induced by variation of nutrient repression and inoculums. The time reached to minimum DOC was selected as incubation time. The initial optimum biomass for Han river water was about 1000~5000 CFU/mL, respectively. In a sufficient biomass, suitable incubation time was about 3~5 day. It was indirectly calculated BDOC on maximum growth rate by measuring growth yield of indigenous bacteria. But it was difficult to adapt growth yield coefficient because of irregular bacterial growth. The measured 3 day BDOC was close to BDOC calculated with our proposed experimental equation between DOC and BDOC. It shows that the quantification of BDOC with this experimental equation can be used indirectly.