• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.61-67
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• 2015

Purpose - Exports have long been regarded as significant drivers of sustainable competitive advantage and growth among small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The export activities of SMEs are particularly important in the context of export-oriented economies such as Korea. Although many studies have examined the determinants of exports, it is difficult to find empirical studies about the determinants of the export performance of regional SMEs. This study investigates the determinants of export performance in the regional SME context based on an integrated approach that combines the environment factor of industrial organization theory, competitive strategy theory, and the competences of the resource-based view. Research design, data, and methodology - To empirically analyze the determinants of export performance in the regional SMEs, data were collected from firms in the Daegu metropolitan area. Data were collected directly through questionnaire surveys; in addition, secondary financial data were also taken from the KIS-VALUE database. Out of the 175 responses that were received, 143 were considered to be worth examining. After testing the reliability and validity of the variables through multiple items such as environmental turbulence and competitive strategy, hypotheses were verified by using five multi-regression models. These models were: a control model with organizational size and age, an environmental model with technology and market turbulence, a competency model with R&D and foreign distribution channels, a strategy model with product and market differentiation, and an integrated model including all of these variables. Results - First, as a control variable, the organization size has significant positive effects on export performance. Second, technology turbulence based on industrial organization theory has significant positive effects on export performance, but market turbulence does not affect export performance. Third, the foreign market distribution competency of the resource-based view has strong positive effects on export performance, but the R&D competency does not affect export performance. Fourth, the product differentiation strategy from competitive strategy theory positively impacts export performance, but market differentiation does not affect export performance. Finally, in the integrated model, only the foreign distribution competency of the resource-based view has a significant effect on export performance. Conclusions - The empirical results of this study verified the usefulness of the rationales behind the three theories to explain the export performance of the regional SMEs, especially the importance of the foreign market distribution competency from the resource-based view. With regard to practical considerations, this study's implications suggest that the use of technological environmental changes by industries is better than the use of market changes. Further, the use of the product differentiation strategy is more effective than the use of the market-driving strategy, and the distribution channel competency plays a stronger role than the technology-oriented competency with regard to the export performance position of regional SMEs. Future studies should examine relational perspectives, such as trust among channel partners. Therefore, the configuration approach is more useful in enhancing pragmatism by comparing high- and low-export companies.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.2A
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• pp.97-104
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• 2011

This study presents the aerodynamic admittance function of bridge girder under turbulent flow generated from wind velocity spectrum measured at bridge site. Three dimensional buffeting analysis of concrete cable-stayed bridge were performed considering aerodynamic admittance functions obtained from four different methods. It is revealed from the analysis that vertical buffeting responses considering proper aerodynamic admittance functions were just half of that neglecting aerodynamic admittance function. Grid turbulence was found to relatively lower the aerodynamic admittance function at low frequency range, and to underestimate the buffeting wind forces. It is recommended to use the aerodynamic admittance function evaluated from flutter derivatives or measured at active turbulence in order to properly predict the buffeting responses of bridges.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2006

The effect of buildings on flow in urban canopy is one of the most important problems in local/micro-scale meteorology. A large eddy simulation model is used to simulate the flow structure in an urban neighborhood and the bulk effect of the buildings on surrounding flows is analyzed. The results demonstrate that: (a) The inflow conditions affect the detailed flow characteristics much in the building group, including: the distortion or disappearance of the wake vortexes, the change of funneling effect area and the change of location, size of the static-wind area. (b) The bulk effect of the buildings leads to a loss of wind speed in the low layer where height is less than four times of the average building height, and this loss effect changes little when the inflow direction changes. (c) In the bulk effect to environmental fields, the change of inflow direction affects the vertical distribution of turbulence greatly. The peak value of the turbulence energy appears at the height of the average building height. The attribution of fluctuations of different components to turbulence changes greatly at different height levels, in the low levels the horizontal speed fluctuation attribute mostly, while the vertical speed fluctuation does in high levels.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.483-488
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• 2021

With continuous emission of environmental pollutants and an increase in greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, demand to seek other types of energy sources, alternative energy, was needed. Hydrogen, an eco-friendly energy, is attracting attention as the ultimate alternative energy medium. Hydrogen storage technology has been studied diversely to utilize hydrogen energy. In this study, the gas behavior of hydrogen in the storage tank was numerically examined under charge conditions for the Tpe III hydrogen tank. Numerical results were compared with the experimental results to verify the numerical implementation. In the results of pressure and temperature values under charge condition, the Realizable k-ε model and Reynold stress model were quantitatively matched with the smallest error between numerical and experimental results.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.637-646
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• 2017

This study presents a numerical model for simulating dense interflows. The governing equations are provided and the finite difference method is used with the $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model. The model is used to simulate a dense interflow established in a deep ambient water, resulting velocity and excess density profiles. It is observed that velocity decreases in the longitudinal direction due to water entrainment in the vicinity of the outlet and rarely changes for increased Richardson number. Similarity collapses of velocity and excess density are obtained, but those of turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate are not. A shape factor for the dense interflow is obtained from the simulated profiles. The value of this shape factor can be used in the layer-averaged modeling of dense interflows. In addition, a buoyancy-related parameter ($c_{3{\varepsilon}}$) for the $k-{\varepsilon}$ model and the volume expansion coefficient (${\beta}_0$) are obtained from the simulated results.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.19-37
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• 2015

Forming interfirm collaborative relationships has become a key aspect of a firm's marketing strategies to create value for customers and achieve greater firm performance. While empirical findings are mixed in previous studies, this study is an effort to identify boundary conditions for the benefits of marketing alliances. We investigate internal and environmental factors that may magnify or constrain the effect of marketing alliances on firm profitability. Given the complementary relationship between marketing and R&D activities, we focus on a firm's R&D intensity as an internal factor that may magnify the value of marketing alliances for firm performance. For environmental factors, we focus on industry turbulence and industry competitiveness. Industry turbulence refers to the degree to which industry market conditions change quickly and unpredictably, whereas industry competitiveness refers to the degree to which a firm faces competition in the industry. By testing these factors, we are intended to reveal boundary conditions that determine the value of marketing alliances for firm profitability. The analysis of firms in the diverse industries shows that while the main effect of marketing alliances on firm profitability is not significant, it becomes more positive when R&D investment is more intensive or when industry environment is more turbulent. The results of this study imply that just forming more marketing alliances may not be enough to increase firm profitability. Our findings imply that marketing alliances become more effective in a dynamically changing industry environment. That is, firms can cope with industry uncertainties more effectively by forming marketing alliances. At the same time, the moderating effect of R&D intensity implies that the internal investments in R&D magnify the effect of marketing alliances on firm profitability. The findings of this study contributes to the existing alliance literature in three aspects. First, this study enhances our understanding of the contingent value of marketing alliances by testing both internal and external factors that may influence the effectiveness of marketing alliances. Second, this study responds to the need for research that investigates actual performance resulting from interfirm relationships. Third, while previous studies primarily focused on a specific industry, this study extend previous findings of the boundary conditions for the benefits of marketing alliances in a broader context.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09b
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• pp.1315-1316
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• 2005

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.101-112
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• 2005

This paper presents the state of the art of the CFD applications to vegetated open-channel flows. First, important aspects of the physics of vegetated flows found through the laboratory experiments are briefly reviewed. Then, previous CFD applications to one-dimensional vertical structure, partly-vegetated flows, compound open-channel flows with floodplain vegetation, and fully three-dimensional numerical simulations are reviewed. Finally, topics for further researches such as relationship between the resistance and flexural rigidity, additional drag due to foliages, and melting the experience of CFD with the depth-averaged modeling, are suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.162-164
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• 2000

The numerical simulation of air movement in a room using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) requires a complicated set of input data, This includes physical data, such as space geometry, characteristics of supply air flow and contaminant source, etc. as well as computational domain. Among the input data, the boundary conditions related to the inlet are particularly crucial in order to achieve accurate computation results, although there are many other parameters which may also affect the results. (omitted)

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.955-967
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• 2022

Existing particle tracking models predict vertical displacement of particles based on the terminal settling velocity in the stagnant water. However, experimental results of the present study confirmed that the settling velocity of particles is influenced by the turbulence effects in turbulent flow, consistent with the previous studies. The settling velocity of particles and turbulent characteristics were measured by using PTV and PIV methods, respectively, in order to establish relationship between the particle settling velocity and the ambient turbulence. It was observed that the settling velocity increase rate starts to grow when the particle diameter is of the same order as Kolmogorov length scale. Compared with the previous studies, the present study shows that the graphs of the settling velocity increase rate according to the Stokes number have concave shapes for each particle density. In conclusion, since the settling velocity in the natural flow is faster than in the stagnant water, the existing particle tracking model may estimate a relatively long time for particles to reach the river bed. Therefore, the results of the present study can help improve the performance of particle tracking models.